This thesis aims to study the use of Critical System Heuristic (CSH) in the requirements engineering (RE) process of a student software project. We have studied a software project within the framework of the TDDD96 course at Linköping University. The project consisted of a group of computer science students working with a representative from a company. As part of the course, the students had done the sustainability exercise SusAF, in which they evaluated their project based on multiple sustainability metrics. We have conducted one round of interviews with the RE student, the company representative, and an expert in the area. The answers were encoded and mapped to 12 CSH questions before being presented in the Ideal map table. The results produced by CSH show the many benefits of integrating CSH into the course. We have proposed different ways of integrating CSH with the SusAF exercise. From the result, we realized the importance of consulting a third party that could provide an outside perspective on different issues. However, an essential aspect of using CSH is to consult the appropriate party. To this end, we found that CSH could be used internally to point in the right direction.

ABSTRACT  Background: Second-hand clothing has significantly continued to generate interest both in research and in the real world and emphasis ofexisting works revolve around history, motivations for buying and effect on the environment as well as the impact on the countries that these second-hand clothes are imported. Consumers’ demographics is expected to play a role in their intention to purchase certain goods including clothes and findings also revealed that people have begun to incorporate sustainability in their intention to purchase second-hand clothing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of demographic variables and sustainability awareness on the consumers’ purchase intention on second-hand clothing. In other words, to investigate if statistical relationships exist between gender, age, income, educational level and sustainability awareness on the intention to purchase second-hand clothing. Method: This research was conducted through a quantitative method and five hypotheses were formulated based on the theory. An online survey was developed and shared through social media and sample of 111 respondents was generated. These responses were analysed through Excel and SPSS. Conclusion: Findings showed that none of the variables influenced consumers’ intention to purchase second-hand clothing. Implications: Business men can take advantage of this study to position their businesses using this findings to intensify their strategies since intention to purchase second-hand clothing has no relationship with gender, age, income, educational level and sustainability awareness. It also brought to light the level of sustainability awareness of the people and the need for the government to promote it. Originality: This work was the first to examine how demographic variables and sustainability awareness impact purchase intention on second-hand clothing in Nigeria. This contributes to existing second-hand clothing literature which is capable of inspiring comparative study and can also be useful for business decision.

Abstract Background: During the last decades, environmental concerns have increased significantly, and companies have been forced to adapt their business to meet the demands of today’s consumers. Green marketing has become an effecting differentiating factor as well as a positive contributor for companies. Ecolabels operates as a tool to promote and inform consumers about the level of sustainability of the product, where the symbol will guarantee a certain criteria, feature, or quality. Ecolabel products enable consumers to make environmentally conscious decisions through their buying behaviour, thereby contributing to a more sustainable world. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to investigate how ecolabels influence change in buying behaviour and sustainability awareness. Furthermore, to provide information regarding the consumers' view on these products and how their attitude, behaviour and awareness is affected. Method: This reports data collection is conducted through three focus groups interviews with consumers as well as two personal interviews with store managers from one of Sweden's biggest food chains. Furthermore, this qualitative research uses an inductive approach. Starting with existing theories, followed by a thematic analysis where collected data has been analysed to lastly explore specific themes related to ecolabels. Conclusion: The individual’s knowledge around ecolabels is a barrier to embracing them, and the change in consumer buying behaviour seems to be depending on that factor. The findings suggest that consumers are in general unaware of the benefits and meaning of ecolabels, but eager to attain knowledge if more approachable. Consumers and stores together need to cooperate in increasing consciousness for ecolabels to play a bigger role in changing consumer buying behaviour to greener.

Drönare är ett växande fenomen i dagens samhälle och deras användningsområdenhar snabbt ökat de senaste åren. För att underlätta utvecklingen av drönarteknologi kansimuleringar tillämpas då de möjliggör testning i en kontrollerad och riskfri miljö. I dettaprojekt visualiseras simuleringar av drönare i ett försök att skapa värde för denna utveckling. Visualiseringen skedde med hjälp av Unreal Engine 5. Under projektets gång studerades arbetsmetoderna som nyttjades och hur en systemanatomi kan bidra till utvecklingen iett småskaligt mjukvaruprojekt. Största värdet som producerades för kunden var kommunikationsmodulen. Kommunikationen uppnåddes med hjälp av två JSON-filer som visualiseringen respektive simuleringen skrev till för att kommunicera med varandra. Värdeti denna modul ligger i att kunden sökte en modulär lösning för att kommunicera mellanen 3D-visualisering och en simulering. En erfarenhet som uppmärksammades angåendearbetsmetoderna är vikten av en fungerande gruppdynamik. Bidragande faktorer till detvar agila arbetsmetoder, goda kommunikationsvägar och en väl planerad användning avGit. Systemanatomier upplevdes ge begränsat värde till projektet.

Water source of life"! Research conducted so far, about life on earth that are proven and tested as we are today would not exist if there was no water. Any form of life depends on water for their survival and for their development; even life forms for more primitive depend on water to survive. Only 2.8%, ie a very low percentage of the universe on the Water Planet Earth is sweet and much of it is unfit for human consumption and requires the use of high technology to make water potable. In this setting, unless we take immediate action we will not have the liquid of life, and following this thought and the ways proposed in the meeting of 92 countries in Rio, in its action plan for the 21st century, aiming at the sustainability of life on Earth, in one of its 40 chapters, Agenda 21 addresses the "conservation and management of natural resources." Therefore, the adoption of measures that will qualify for the management and promote changes in the perception of how to work in relation to impacts on catchment and natural resource conservation, and "Think Globally and Act Locally" (Agenda 21) is the purpose this work. In this scenario applies today the polluter-pays principle. Thus the actual charge to the water, which is a high value, encourages water rationing benefit while minimizing the impacts of their scarcity. Innovations in saw the need to establish standards for the construction of toilets and other equipment that would reduce consumption. But that alone is not enough, it is necessary to promote alternatives to find a solution for use in a home rainwater on items that do not require investment in benefit it. It follows therefore that the various solutions over the years has been researched and proven to lower investment cost and installation of a system to capture rainwater, which allows an economy of treated water in more that 41% only use in toilets according to studies conducted in the Netherlands. The analysis of these facts justify the proposal of the work, which is looking for innovations result from a millennial issue, especially for the process of cutting costs, reducing the use of natural resources as: "Use of Rainwater without treatment in a Residential ". / Água fonte da vida ! Pesquisas realizadas, até o momento, sobre a vida na terra são provadas e comprovadas que não existiríamos como somos hoje se não houvesse água. Qualquer forma de vida depende da água para a sua sobrevivência e para o seu desenvolvimento; mesmo formas de vidas por mais primitivas dependem da água para sobreviver. Somente 2,8%, ou seja, um percentual muito baixo diante do universo da Água do Planeta Terra é doce e grande parte desta é imprópria para o consumo humano sendo necessário o emprego de alta tecnologia para tornar a água potável. Diante deste cenário, se não tomarmos uma atitude imediata não teremos mais o líquido da vida, e seguindo este pensamento e os caminhos propostas no encontro dos países na Rio 92, em seu plano de ação para o século 21, visando a sustentabilidade da Vida na Terra, em um dos seus 40 capítulos, a Agenda 21 aborda a conservação e manejo dos recursos naturais . Portanto, a adoção de medidas para que venham qualificar a gestão e promover alterações na percepção quanto à forma de trabalhar em relação aos impactos causados na captação e conservação dos recursos naturais, e Pensar Globalmente e Agir Localmente (Agenda 21) é o propósito deste trabalho. Diante deste cenário aplica-se hoje o princípio do poluidor-pagador. Com isso a própria cobrança realizada sobre a água, que é um valor elevado, incentiva o racionamento da água beneficiada, minimizando os impactos da sua escassez. Nas inovações viu-se a necessidade de estabelecer normas para a construção de bacias sanitárias assim como outros equipamentos que reduzissem o consumo. Mas somente isso não basta, é necessário à promoção de alternativas em busca de uma solução para uso em uma residência da água da chuva em itens que não necessitem o investimento em beneficiá-la. Conclui-se, portanto que das diversas soluções que ao longo dos anos vem sendo pesquisado e comprovadamente a de menor custo de investimento e a instalação de um sistema de captação de água de chuva, qual possibilita uma economia de água tratada em mais de 41% somente na utilização em vasos sanitários conforme estudos realizados na Holanda. As análises destes fatos justificam a presente proposta do trabalho, que tem por resultado buscar inovações de um assunto milenar, principalmente, para o processo de redução de custos, redução do uso dos Recursos Naturais como; Aproveitamento de Água de Chuva sem Tratamento em uma Residencial .

As sustainability becomes a pressing issue, companies are increasingly adopting green advertising strategies to promote their products and increase consumer awareness. However, the effectiveness of these advertisements across different cultural backgrounds are often overlooked. In light of this, the research addresses two questions: (1) What are the characteristics of successful green advertisements in Japan and Sweden? and (2) How should Japanese and Swedish companies in the automobile industry design and deploy green advertisements to optimize the effect? To answer these questions, the research involved data analysis on green advertisements to understand key themes and develop survey samples. The survey was then conducted to examine the impact of cultural and green messages on participants' perceptions. The main findings indicate that both Japanese and Swedish participants perceive green advertisements with a soft-sell and single-message approach more appealing. However, when it comes to cultural messages, more Japanese participants showed positive attitudes towards green advertisements with high-context messages than Swedish participants with low-context messages. / I takt med att hållbarhet blir en allt viktigare fråga anammar företagen allt oftare gröna reklamstrategier för att marknadsföra sina produkter och öka konsumenternas medvetenhet. Effektiviteten av dessa annonser över olika kulturella bakgrunder förbises dock ofta. Mot bakgrund av detta tar forskningen upp två frågor: (1) Vad kännetecknar framgångsrika gröna annonser i Japan och Sverige? och (2) Hur bör japanska och svenska företag inom bilindustrin utforma och distribuera gröna annonser för att optimera effekten? För att besvara dessa frågor omfattade forskningen dataanalys av gröna annonser för att förstå viktiga teman och utveckla undersökningsurval. Undersökningen genomfördes sedan för att undersöka hur kulturella och gröna budskap påverkade deltagarnas uppfattningar. De viktigaste resultaten visar att både japanska och svenska deltagare uppfattar gröna annonser med en mjuk säljstrategi och ett enda budskap som mer tilltalande. Men när det gäller kulturella budskap visade fler japanska deltagare positiva attityder till gröna annonser med högkontextbudskap än svenska deltagare med lågkontextbudskap.

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Sustainability has over the years been of interest and not least to the fast fashion industry. The phenomenon of sustainability reports has therefore occurred by small and large companies produced for society today. Companies present a list of past, present and future sustainable activities to suppliers, competitors, shareholders and customers. Furthermore, the fast fashion industry has grown and consumption tends to be higher than ten years ago. The information shared is therefore important to see how these activities are communicated to society, not at least to customers. Sustainability awareness is today a valuable tool for sustainable trust in companies. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate which sustainability issues are presented  in sustainability reports by companies and by customers. Empirical results were obtained using a qualitative multi-method, where Critical Discourse Analysis was adopted by the authors to interpret sustainability reports from seven Swedish companies interpreted as fast fashion. The authors then analysed the results of CDA of sustainability reports with the aim to find out how the sustainable issues are presented to society in variants, differences, images and language. In addition, semi-structured interviews with questions based on CDA and literature review were conducted to gain perspectives and a deeper understanding of the customers.The conclusion of this thesis showed that customers can be involved in companies' sustainable activities, although it tends to differ. Customers perceived sustainability reports in today's situation as low transparency and the trust is not as high as it could be. The GIOIA method was therefore conducted to see how these first concepts from customer interviews relate to the second theme of CDA. Furthermore, four dimensions could be constructed with further suggestions for companies that produce sustainability reports to customers on the issues of trust, transparency, customer awareness and important sustainable issues. The thesis further identified both general factors and problems within sustainability reports that can be used for future guidance and implementation of sustainable awareness for customers in the fast fashion industry.