Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luis Schuch.pdf: 872015 bytes, checksum: 3e99d9e8b584f77ca53db89120f73e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / This paper aims to draw attention to the large volume of residual biomass of the animal and its potential for biogas production and commercialization in western Paraná. Stressing the importance to address animal waste not as an environmental problem of difficult solution, but with a new approach, the residual biomass raw material animal, obtained without direct cost and without the need for specific investments in its production. The generation of bioenergy through the implementation of digesters in rural property, for processing and marketing of energy from biogas, signals as a new business opportunity and regional income. The comparison of results between marketing biogas equivalent to liquefied petroleum gas to electric power generation, demonstrates the advantage to marketing as gas. / O presente trabalho objetiva chamar a atenção para o grande volume de biomassa residual animal e do seu potencial para produção e comercialização de biogás na região oeste do Paraná. Salientando a relevância em abordar os dejetos animais não como um problema ambiental de difícil solução, mas com um enfoque novo, o de matéria prima biomassa residual animal, obtida sem custos diretos e sem a necessidade de investimentos específicos para sua produção. A geração de agroenergia, através da implantação de biodigestores nos imóveis rurais, para o processamento e comercialização de energias provenientes do biogás, sinaliza como uma nova oportunidade de negócio e renda regional. A comparação de resultados, entre comercialização do biogás em equivalente ao gás liquefeito de petróleo com o de geração de energia elétrica, demonstra vantagem para a comercialização na forma gás.

Student Number : 9609557F - Master of Journalism and Media Studies research report - Faculty of Humanities / This research report forms part of current debates in media studies around the rapidly increasing commercialization and privatization of public broadcasters around the world. It investigates the impact of this commercialization and privatization on the role of these broadcasters. It looks at some impacts that the dependence of public broadcasters on advertising has on their roles public service roles. South Africa is not immune from these global trends that are mentioned above. As suggested by the ICASA, the government reduced its funding of the public broadcaster (SABC). This forced the SABC to rely more and more on income from advertising and various forms of sponsorship in order to sustain and fulfill its goals. This research provides an investigation and findings of the nature and extent of the impact of advertising influence on both the SABC and to some extent E-TV programming and programmes. This study is important because it covers an important area since it looks at the rapid changes taking place in the funding and the content of local television (South African Television). It will make both a theoretical and empirical contribution to the understanding of trends and developments that are taking place in South African Television. It is comprised of three chapters with each treating its own theme ranging from policy and literature analysis, news and drama programme analysis and finally a case study, which provides an analysis of first hand information from the SABC officials from both the programming and the advertising department.

abstract: Knowledge advancement occurs when the creation of new and useful knowledge encompasses and supersedes earlier knowledge. A rapidly growing number of scholars with state-of-the-art research tools has led to the growth of knowledge exploration in almost every field. It, however, has been observed that the findings of new studies frequently differ from previously established evidence and even disagree with one another. Conflicting and contradictory results prevail in the literature. This phenomenon has puzzled many people with respect to which findings are reliable and which should be considered as valid. Inconclusive results in the literature inhibit, rather than facilitate, knowledge advancement in sciences. Meta-analysis, which is referred to as the analysis of analyses, designed to synthesize findings from a large collection of quantitative analyses that produce inconsistent results has become a major research method in the fields of medicine, education, and psychology; however, the method has been slow to penetrate research in nonprofit and public management (NPM). This study, therefore, discusses how meta-analysis contributes to knowledge advancement in the fields of nonprofit and public management by using nonprofit commercialization as an example to examine its impact on nonprofit capacity and donations, respectively. The attention of this discussion is directed toward how the use of meta-regression models is able to offer new and useful knowledge that encompasses and supersedes earlier knowledge in the literature with evidence-based results. Moreover, this study examines whether the use of SEM-based meta-analysis produces equivalent results when compared with results from traditional meta-regression models. The comparison results suggest that the use of SEM-based meta-analysis is able to produce equivalent results even when missing data are present. Overall, this study makes at least two contributions. First, it introduces a newly-developed method for conducting meta-analysis to the field of NPM. This method is especially useful when there are missing data in data sets. Second and most importantly, this study demonstrates how knowledge advancement in NPM can be achieved by conducting meta-analysis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Community Resources and Development 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación busca describir las dificultades que ha ocasionado el protocolo técnico de registro sanitario de importación de productos pesqueros y acuícolas congelados impuesto por la autoridad sanitaria competente del Perú respecto a la importación y comercialización del filete de tilapia congelado proveniente de un nuevo productor chino a partir de la experiencia de la empresa Umi Foods S.A.C., por lo tanto nuestro estudio se divide en cuatro (4) capítulos, los cuales son detallados a continuación. El primer capítulo se centra en el plan de investigación, por medio del cual planteamos la pregunta, el problema y los objetivos, tanto principales como específicos y la formulación de la hipótesis inicial de la investigación. El segundo capítulo da a conocer los antecedentes de la investigación, tanto nacionales como internacionales y el marco teórico del estudio, así como las restricciones para la importación y los requisitos para la comercialización del filete de tilapia congelado. El tercer capítulo se centra en la metodología de la investigación, donde detallamos el tipo, propósito, categorías, delimitación, diseño y tamaño de muestra de la investigación. Asimismo, en este capítulo desarrollamos las entrevistas de profundidad, las cuales serán de utilidad para el recojo de información. Finalmente, el cuarto capítulo se enfoca en el respectivo análisis y discusión de resultados de nuestra investigación para así encontrar los hallazgos y realizar tanto las conclusiones como las recomendaciones finales por medio del análisis de documentos y de la información obtenida mediante las entrevistas de profundidad desarrolladas en nuestro estudio. / The present research seeks to describe the difficulties caused by the technical protocol of import sanitary registration for frozen fishery and aquiculture products from the sanitary authority of Peru regarding the import and commercialization of frozen tilapia fillet that comes from a new Chinese producer and according to the experience of the company Umi Foods S.A.C., therefore our study is divided into four chapters that are detailed as below. The first chapter focuses on the planning research, which is about proposing the research question, the main and specific problems and objectives. In this chapter we also make known about the starting hypothesis of our working research. In the second chapter we present the national and international backgrounds and the theory framework of the research as well as the import restrictions and the commercialization requirements of the frozen tilapia fillet. The third chapter explains the methodology research, which we detail the type, purpose, categories, delimitation, design and sampling size of the research. Also, in this chapter we develop depth interviews that will be very useful for the research’s collecting information. Finally, the fourth chapter is about the respective analysis and discussion of the research´s results in order to get the findings of the study and make the final conclusions and recommendations according to the documents’ analysis and to the obtained information from held depth interviews in our research. / Tesis

<p>The purpose of this BA-thesis was to study how three daily Swedish newspapers use a specific type of exemplars, which are recognized by a number of attributes. A photograph of the person that is interviewed always illustrates this type of exemplars and at least two persons are asked the same question.    The three newspapers that have been compared in this study each represent one of the major types of Swedish newspapers: morning press, tabloids and local press. By using a quantitative content analysis, one month was examined in all three newspapers in the year of 1997 and 2007.  Two of the theories that have been central in the thesis are Colin Sparks model of tabloidization, which demonstrates the process of tabloidization and McQuail′s description of commercialization.  The results of the study indicate that there are many similarities between the three newspapers use of exemplars. However, there are some differences when it comes to frequency and function. Noteworthy is that the newspaper “Dagens Nyheter” did not publish a single exemplar the first year of the study, 1997. Ten years later the very same paper published 15 exemplars during the month of examination.</p>

<p>Within the field of microfinance, there has been an ongoing debate about whether microfinance institutions should be commercialized. One side argues that a business that very much can earn profits at the same time as it helps the poor, is not justified to receive charity, but should be run with the risks and benefits of any other profit-seeking business.</p><p>The other side argues that the outreach to the ones who most need microfinance, is severely hampered if firms are profit-seeking; arguing that they only target the individuals who allow them to make profits.</p><p> </p><p>This study is a case study based on India, one of the world’s largest nations, and home to millions of people living below the poverty line[1]. Microfinance is widespread in India, and with one of the researchers speaking Hindi, India became our choice of case study. A grounded theory methodology is applied in order for us to learn as much as possible about the context of microfinance in India. Within the context, we look for the mission and the impact of the various institutions. Analysis is done through the constant comparison method; with comparisons within and between different organizations. Each organization is individually analyzed to find recurring themes, always being open to the emergence of new themes. Then, the organizations are compared with others of the same legal form, and finally with all other forms of organizations.</p><p> </p><p>Several different kinds of institutions are identified, working directly or indirectly with providing small loans to low-income individuals. These institutions include banks, local area banks, section 25 companies, NGOs, and cooperative societies. Each one of the institutions has, by law, different areas of restriction and the study finds that the missions of the various organizations can be linked to their legal form; the mission indicating which form they currently operate under or which legal form they are striving to achieve. The major difference between the various legal forms is their methods of accumulating finances, and how they manage their revenue. Although banks actually earn profits, they have not yet been fully commercialized, as they are restricted from attracting mainstream international capital.</p><p> </p><p>The conclusions indicate that in India, microfinance has not reached the point where it has been fully commercialized, but rather the passion for their work and visions of the founders very much guide the work of the various organizations. This can be seen in the missions that guide the organizations and the services provided to fulfill the mission. Commercialization is however, far from a non-issue. If legislation regarding IPOs is changed, the level of commercialization and competitive scene for microfinance in India could change dramatically.</p><p>[1] Can be measured in different ways, but used here symbolically, indicating a very low amount; discussed in more detail in the paper.</p>

This thesis investigates, describes and understands the extensive process of technology commercialization. What stages there are, important aspects and implications. It is structured as a case analysis of project CHRISGAS development. CHRISGAS is a Swedish project, based in Värnamo, developing the technique of direct gasification of biomass to fuels. The work has its origin in the debate of the imminent climate changes, where society needs to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. The automotive sector (particularly transport) is significantly reliant. However, current attempts to transition to biofuels have not completely succeeded. New, efficient technologies must be commercialized, and the technology of wood gasification is said to be particularly promising for launching the next generation of biofuels.

Research Questions: Following questions will be looked at from a management perspective in the researched elite hockey clubs: (1) How has the commercialization affected the areas of responsibility? In regards to areas of responsibility: (a) How has the commercialization affected the decision making? (b) How has the commercialization affected the information and communication? (c) How has the commercialization affected the motivation? In addition, we need to find out the overall structure of the clubs and the managers’ view on commercialization in non-profit organizations. Therefore we need to add two more research questions: (2) In what respect is the organizational structure experienced in a different way today? and (3) How has the commercialization changed Swedish hockey clubs? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to create an understanding about how managers in Swedish elite hockey clubs experience the assumed adjustments in organizational structure and areas of responsibility when turning into more commercial organizations. Method: With an interpretive hermeneutic approach used in the sense of a qualitative study, we explain how the managers of five hockey clubs within Elitserien experience the adjustments when turning into more commercial organizations. The qualitative study consisted of a number of personal and phone interviews in order to collect the empirical data. Results: The main implication of the commercialization of Swedish hockey is that it has created conflicts in the daily operations, caused by the contradictions between commercial and non-profit activities. In addition, the organizational structure has in general become more professional with an increasing amount of distinct areas of responsibility.

This dissertation aims to answer the main question of "How does regional ecology (few or many small innovative firms in a region) enhance or limit innovation?" Put differently, how vital is the mix of small and large firms for regional innovation performance? From the policy perspective, the results of this study shed some light for policy maker to assess the "knowledge searching" strategies of firms when choosing locations. The research design combines a unique survey of patent inventors in the United States and archival data. Georgia Tech inventor survey data contains commercialization measures for patented inventions and information on firm characteristics. Using this archival data, data has been collected on regional innovation measures, regional-level attributes and project-level measures. The results indicate that the agglomeration of specialized firms is positively associated with regional innovation activities, as the Marshall-Arrow-Romer model proposed. In addition to traditional regional measures, small firm dominated ecology is a strong factor explaining regional commercialization activities, even though the role is not very significant when explaining the regional patenting activities. It is suggested that the organizational ecological perspective is complementary to understand information flow mechanisms in innovative regions. One mechanism of SME dominated ecologies is partially through the increase of skilled labor mobility. Furthermore, when the regional ecology moves towards being dominated by small firms, large firms benefit more from the presence of many innovative small firms than SMEs. By contrast, the concentration of innovative small firms does not add much value for SMEs. I suggest the focus of policies should be on understanding the heterogeneous ability of accessing localized knowledge resources between large and small firms. Deriving from the findings, policy implications and future research are discussed.

The objectives of this study are twofold: firstly, to give an account of the current methods of knowledge production, and secondly to contribute a consultation piece on oncologists perceptions of non-technical issues regarding the ethical, legal and social implications of microfluidic lab-on-chip technology (MF LOC). Two connected theses statements are put forth. First, understanding the transformations of knowledge production will allow for a more socially and ethically informed mode of governance to emerge. Second, it is important to consider who might use the technology and how it might impact institutions and individuals. <p>Interviews were conducted with 31 Canadian oncologists during August 2004 to February 2005. Qualitative analysis was used to examine the oncologists responses. It was found that of the different types of knowledge production that were reviewed (Mode-1, Mode-2, Triple Helix, and Post-normal science) the Triple Helix thesis was most supported. However, an integration of characteristics of Mode-2 with the Triple Helix thesis best accounts for the current description of knowledge production. The principles inherent in Post-Normal Science provide a starting point for developing an approach for building capacity for an independent institution that examines the ethical, legal and social concerns regarding transformative technologies. In relation to the second thesis, the results indicate that MF LOC devices have great potential to transform institutional practices and affect individual lives. And it is important to understand that the oncologists studied constructed their understanding of MF LOC technology within a scientific and biomedical repertoire consequently, future research should assess the perceptions and concerns of other groups of people that are different from the scientific and biomedical repertoire.