According to legislation, common law and case law, South African educators have a responsibility to ensure the safety of learners. Above all, God has placed children in our care and it is our God-given duty to take care of them. For educators to be able to perform this duty of care as it should be, they need to be equipped with the necessary legal knowledge. However, the acquisition of this knowledge remains the primary responsibility of each educator. Other educational role-players also have some moral obligation and responsibility to assist educators in attaining such knowledge. As educators should acquaint themselves with the relevant legislation regarding duty of care, such legislation should be accessible to all educators. Principals should encourage educators to become acquainted with the content of the relevant education laws. All the determinants regarding duty of care ought to be general knowledge to educators. Principles such as what torts comprise of, the requirements of delictual accountability, reasonable foreseeability and preventability and the reasonable educator test should be as well-known as subject didactical knowledge. Real-life situations and case law should be used to ensure a clear understanding of these principles. Tendencies in international law should also be communicated to educators. This study determined that educators do not have sound legal knowledge to meet the minimum requirements set by legislation, common law and case law. Tertiary institutions will have to compile training programs urgently so that education departments, trade unions, governing bodies and principals can make it available to educators, who, in turn can empower themselves with relevant, practical education law knowledge. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

L'émergence de l'ophtalmologie en tant que spécialité pointue est récente, contemporaine de l'aire de la révolution technologique. Cette discipline ne s'exerce qu'en présence de dispositifs médicaux et ses spécificités sont aussi liées aux particularités de l'organe responsable de la fonction visuelle. Mais justifient-elles un traitement particulier de la responsabilité de l'ophtalmologiste ? Médicale, chirurgicale et fonctionnelle cette discipline embrasse de nombreux champs de la responsabilité médicale. Les réponses en vue de la réparation du dommage produit, sont examinées au regard de la causalité qu'une perte de chance relativise fréquemment. Le fait originel obéit aux qualifications habituelles, mais l'incidence du défaut des produits prend un relief particulier au côté de la faute, de l'aléa et de l'infection nosocomiale. Les frontières des qualifications évoluent dans le temps et participent outre une certaine ambiguïté, à alimenter les procédures. Le contexte d'exercice et le développement du consumérisme modifient la jurisprudence. Ils sont à l'origine de la loi du 4 mars 2002, tournant de la relation médecin malade, qui assoie les récents revirements de jurisprudence, notamment sur le plan de l'information. Elle créé les commissions de conciliation et d'indemnisation qui transcendent les voies judiciaires et administratives sans les supprimer. Ouvertes aux préjudices visuels, les critères de gravité liés tant à leur accès et qu'à la solidarité nationale renforcent les tensions autour de l'oeil par un seul fait arithmétique. En fait, ces différentes instances ne tiennent pas compte du particularisme de l'exercice mais intègrent leur raisonnement en droit commun. / The ophtalmology has very old history; it's recently appeared like a speciality because of the technological revolution. The specificities of the discipline are applied only with medical devices and are connected with the peculiarities of this organ ; the eye is manager of the visual function. But do they justify a particular treatment of the ophtalmologist responsibility? It's a medical, surgical and functional discipline which opens so many medical responsibilities. Answers to repair the ophthalmologist intervention damage are examined face to causality, the loose of lucky often reduce it. The original fact obeys to the usual qualifications, but the incidence of the default product is particular next to the fault, the hazard and the hospital-borne infection. Qualifications limit differ with the time and play with a certain ambiguity to create so many process for the ophthalmologist. The practicing context and the consumer society development m odify the case law which doesn't miss and are of the origin of an Act. The recent cases laws completes changes, particular for patient information, are to the origin of the Act of 4 March 2002 and show a modification of the patient doctor relation. The Act creates reconciliation and compensation board which transcend judicial and administrative ways without deleting them. Those last one are open to the visual damages. The seriousness criteria linked to access and national solidarity increase problems around the eye by a only arithmetical fact. In my opinion, these different authorities don't take care about the particularism of exercise but integrate their arguments into common law.

Exposé des raisons de fait et de droit qui fondent le dispositif, « mobiles psychologiques » ayant conduit le juge à se forger sa conviction, telle est la motivation des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. Parce qu'elle cherche à la fois à justifier et à expliquer les choix du juge, la motivation strasbourgeoise ne se conçoit pas comme une simple déduction purement logique. Elle est aussi un acte important de rhétorique. La Cour accorde une importance particulière au fait d'emporter l'adhésion de l'auditoire afin que celui-ci réceptionne de façon spontanée ses décisions et le droit qu'elle produit. C'est en faisant appel à la raison que la Cour entend affirmer son autorité et réaliser la mission qu'elle s'est fixée : former un droit commun européen des droits de l'homme. A la fois moyen de renforcement de la légitimité du juge et condition de la légitimité de ses décisions, la motivation contribue à nourrir la confiance des justiciables et des Etats parties dans la justice européenne. Dotée d'une fonction pédagogique, la motivation permet aussi à la Cour de persuader l'auditoire et d'inciter les Etats à la réception de sa jurisprudence. De ces différentes fonctions découlent alors une certaine manière de motiver. Certes, l'exposé des motifs n'est pas exempt de critiques. Il révèle régulièrement les erreurs, les manipulations et les excès d'un juge au pouvoir normatif certain. Mais le nombre considérable de décisions rendues invite à conclure au caractère satisfaisant de la motivation. Les efforts de la Cour pour construire un style judiciaire de qualité, mais aussi adapter de façon constante le contenu de sa motivation et « coller » de ce fait au plus près des réalités de la société démocratique européenne, doivent en effet être soulignés. / The motivation of the European Court of Human Rights' judgments is based both on the exposition of reasons containing elements of fact and law and on the “psychological motives” that allow the European judge to build up his convictions. The motivation included in the judgment tries both to justify and explain the Court's choice. So, it can't be considered only as a purely logical deduction. It is also an important act of rhetoric. The European Court wishes her audience to accept its case law in a spontaneous and voluntary way. The Court chooses therefore to appeal to good sense rather than constraint to assert its case law authority and so fulfill its long term mission which consists in building a European common law on Human Rights . The motivation contributes to build the legitimacy of the European Court's decisions. It also allows the public and the Contracting States to trust the European justice and to acknowledge the legitimacy of its decisions. It means that the motivation is also a teaching method helping to receive its case law and to accept the European supervision. To achieve this aim, the Court chose different strategies that sometimes show the mistakes, the manipulations or the excesses of the European Court's function. Nevertheless, the general opinion on the Court's motivation is positive and helps to adapt its contents to the realities of the democratic European society. The European Court's efforts to build a quality style of judgments must be also underlined.

This thesis is concerned with the issues of unconditional imprisonment with the focus on early release of prisoners. A comparison of legal framework in the Czech Republic and the Great Britain is provided. The first chapter deals with the meaning and objectives of punishment. It shows a history of legal theories in the world and the Czech Republic as well. The following chapter provides an explanation of these legal theories in the Czech legislature as basic sentencing principles. Moving further into the detail it provides a legal framework of unconditional imprisonment in the Czech Republic. The third chapter gives a brief look at the history of legal framework of imprisonment on the international, European and national level. The thesis gives a thorough examination of the early release in the Czech law in its first main part. It evaluates its advantages, disadvantages and implications. The same process is made in the second main part of the thesis concerning the early release in Common law using the doctrine of judicial precedent. Following that evaluation a comparison of particular legal institutes of the early release is provided. Recommendations for improvement of the Czech legal framework are mentioned in the last part of the thesis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

A real property law inglesa é um tema pouco estudado na tradição jurídica de base romanística, e menos ainda no Brasil. Mesmo a literatura comparatística tem minimizado, ou mesmo omitido, o estudo abrangente das fontes inglesas ao analisar o tema, resultando na ausência de trabalhos escritos desde uma perspectiva do direito privado continental que analisem com maior profundidade os principais elementos formativos dos direitos reais sobre bens imóveis de matriz inglesa. As referências e alusões ao sistema do common law, contudo, são hoje cada vez mais freqüentes nos ordenamentos de matriz civilística, principalmente em razão da maior interação entre ordenamentos pertencentes a sistemas jurídicos de tradição histórica diversa. Portanto, para estabelecer diálogos relevantes, deve-se dedicar atenção especial aos principais elementos de formação do sistema de direito inglês, de modo a desvendar sua particular estrutura e terminologia. O primeiro passo para estabelecer esse diálogo é conhecer os elementos que deram origem ao sistema do common law. Dado o forte vínculo do direito inglês com a sua história, torna-se necessário o estudo da real property law por meio de uma análise das suas fontes históricas que revele tanto a estrutura conceitual quanto o sentido das expressões e dos institutos mais típicos do sistema do common law. É esse estudo que pretendemos realizar neste trabalho, mediante a análise da formação histórica das tenures, dos estates, da equity e dos trusts. Uma pesquisa baseada nas fontes relativas à formação da real property law traz a vantagem adicional de fornecer uma visão ampla acerca da natureza e o funcionamento do sistema do common law como um todo, na medida em que o desenvolvimento primário do direito inglês esteve associado à estrutura dos direitos reais sobre bens imóveis na Inglaterra. Desse contexto derivam, em larga medida, as particularidades e as características que tornam o sistema do common law, em muitos aspectos, diverso dos sistemas jurídicos de tradição romanística. A busca por uma aproximação entre os sistemas pertencentes a essas duas tradições jurídicas exige uma compreensão dos elementos que deram origem à diversidade entre elas. Nossa proposta é, justamente, identificar esses elementos e torná-los compreensíveis desde uma perspectiva civilística, por meio de uma análise das fontes inglesas mais relevantes para o tema. / English real property law is not a subject very often studied in the legal tradition based on Roman law, and even less so in Brazil. Even comparative writers have tended to minimize, if not altogether omit, a comprehensive study of the English sources when discussing the subject, resulting in a lack of literature, written from the perspective of continental private law, that analyses in greater depth the main formative elements of the law of real property based on the English legal model. The references and allusions to the common law legal system, however, have become increasingly more frequent in civil law contexts, largely due to the greater degree of interaction between legal systems belonging to different historical traditions. Thus, in order to establish meaningful dialogues, special attention must be given to the main factors that shaped the English legal system, thereby unveiling its specific structure and terminology. The firs step towards establishing such a dialogue is to understand the elements that gave birth to the common law legal system. Given the strong connection English law has with its history, it is necessary to study the real property law through an analysis of its historical sources, which will reveal the conceptual structure and the meaning of the most typical expressions and institutions of the English legal system. That is the task undertaken herein, to be accomplished through the study of the historical inception of the doctrine of tenures, the doctrine of estates, equity and trusts. A study based on the sources regarding the formation of the real property law brings the additional advantage of providing a broad outlook on the nature and operation of the English legal system as a whole, as the primary development of English law was associated to the structure of rights over land in England. That context is the cause, to a large extent, of the peculiarities and characteristics that make the English legal system, in many ways, different from legal systems based on Roman law. The pursuit for a closer interaction between the legal systems that belong to those two legal traditions requires an understanding of the elements that determined their differences. The object of this research is to identify those elements and make them comprehensible from a civilian perspective, by means of an analysis of the most relevant English sources on the subject.

A normatização da família merece tratamento absolutamente preferencial na organização social. O primeiro vínculo numa sociedade é o familiar e as relações que se criam nesse ambiente geram conseqüências sociais, jurídicas e patrimoniais que merecem uma atenta observação do Poder Legislativo. No início do III milênio, não basta a mera previsão constitucional que define a união estável como entidade familiar. Exige-se agora uma ampla cadeia de proteção legal. As maneiras pelas quais se podem constituir uma família são variadas, mas é facilmente constatável que o casamento e a união estável ganham primazia em números absolutos na sociedade ocidental. Nos dois casos, um homem e uma mulher unem-se com o claro objetivo de constituir uma família, com todas as conseqüências e efeitos que a palavra enseja. Daí em diante surge uma miríade de oportunidades para litígios e controvérsias entre os pares, o que também é constatável nos balcões dos fóruns e nos domicílios por todo o país. Guarda dos filhos, estado civil, necessidade de vênia para alienação de bens, meação, direito real de habitação ao sobrevivente e efeitos sucessórios são apenas alguns dos tantos itens nos quais ou há lacuna do ordenamento ou a lei existe, mas trata as realidades sociais de modo absolutamente díspares. Isso em detrimento da família no aspecto mais amplo da palavra e ofendendo a dignidade da pessoa humana dos conviventes da união estável, dos filhos destas lídimas uniões e dos demais atores sociais envolvidos, violando frontalmente a Constituição Federal. A presente tese aborda o histórico pátrio da união estável, traz um estudo comparativo com países ocidentais e demonstra as divergências existentes hoje na regulamentação dessas espécies de família. Após demonstrar robustos fundamentos acerca da necessidade de sistematização legislativa, a tese concluí pela proposta de uma ampla reforma no ordenamento, que alteraria a proteção conferida aos conviventes da união estável, visando sistematizá-la de modo digno. / The normatization of the family deserves absolutely preferential treatment in the social organization. The first bond in a society is the familiar one and the relations that are created in this environment generate social, legal and patrimonial consequences that deserve close attention of the Legislative. At the beginning of the third millennium, the mere constitutional forecast that defines the domestic partnership as a familiar entity is not enough. Its now required an ample chain of legal protection. The ways in which a family can be created are varied, but it is easily verifiable that the marriage and the domestic partnership gain priority in absolute numbers in the occidental society. In the two cases, a man and a woman join themselves with the clear objective to constitute a family, with all the consequences and effects that the word carries. From this moment on a myriad of chances for litigations and controversies appear between the pairs, which is also verifiable at the assistance counters of the Court Houses and at the domiciles in the whole country. Child custody disputes, civil status, necessity of spousal consent for property alienation, elective share, joint tenancy with right of survivorship and successor rights effects are only some of the many items in which there are gaps in the legal system or the law exists, but it deals with the social realities in an absolutely incongruent way. This in detriment of the family in the amplest aspect of the word and offending the dignity of the human being of the parties in the domestic partnership, of the children of these legitimate unions and of all other involved social actor, violating the Federal Constitution. The present thesis approaches the native history of the domestic partnership, brings a comparative study of occidental countries and demonstrates the actual existing divergences in the regulation of these kinds of family. After demonstrating strong reasons in reference to the need of the legislative systematization, the thesis concludes with the proposal of a wide reformation in the legal system that would modify the protection conferred to the parties in the domestic partnership, aiming to systemize it in a dignified manner.

Con la puesta en vigencia del Código Procesal Constitucional se introdujo al sistema jurídico peruano la figura del precedente constitucional vinculante. A la luz de dicha regulación, el Tribunal Constitucional ha emitido un sin número de precedentes vinculantes, los cuales demuestran ausencia de racionalidad en la formación de estos, principalmente por los siguientes aspectos: formación abstracta del precedente constitucional, esto es, un precedente creado al margen de los hechos del caso concreto; y a partir de la ausencia de conexión entre el precedente y los hechos, se fijan como extremos vinculantes aquellos razonamientos que no son la ratio decidendi. Bajo este contexto, cabe preguntarse: ¿Es racional el modus operandi del Tribunal Constitucional en la formación e identificación del precedente constitucional? ¿Se pueden interpretar los artículos VI y VII del Título Preliminar del Código Procesal Constitucional de manera distinta a la interpretación efectuada por el Tribunal Constitucional? Pues bien, con la expresión «precedente vinculante» se alude a la obligación que tienen los jueces y tribunales de seguir decisiones anteriores al tomar una decisión posterior. La doctrina del precedente, surgida en la tradición del common law, gira entorno a los hechos del caso particular. Así, las categorías que influyen en la comprensión de su significado y alcances -ratio decidendi, obiter dicta, distinguishing u overruling- solo pueden ser comprendidas a la luz de los hechos que configuran el caso en el que es creado, así como los hechos del caso en el que debe ser aplicado. A partir de ello, el precedente no es otra cosa más que la ratio decidendi construida para decidir un caso particular. Por eso, sin hechos no hay precedente. / With the enactment of the Constitutional Procedural Code, the figure of the binding constitutional precedent was introduced to the Peruvian legal system. In light of this regulation, the Constitutional Court has issued a number of binding precedents, which demonstrate absence of rationality in the formation of these, mainly by the following aspects: abstract formation of the constitutional precedent, that is, a precedent created regardless of the facts of the specific case; and from the absence of connection between the precedent and the facts, those arguments that are not the ratio decidendi are fixed as binding ends. In this context, it is worth asking: Is the modus operandi of the Constitutional Court rational in the formation and identification of the constitutional precedent? Can articles VI and VII of the Preliminary Title of the Constitutional Procedural Code be interpreted differently from the interpretation made by the Constitutional Court? Well, the term "binding precedent" refers to the obligation of judges and courts to follow previous decisions when making a subsequent decision. The doctrine of precedent, arising in the common law tradition, revolves around the facts of the particular case. Thus, the categories that influence the understanding of their meaning and scope -ratio decidendi, obiter dicta, distinguishing or overruling- can only be understood in the light of the facts that make up the case in which it is created, as well as the facts of the case in which it must be applied. From this, the precedent is nothing more than the ratio decidendi built to decide a particular case. Therefore, without facts there is no precedent. / Tesis

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-10T23:32:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 49b.pdf: 2090969 bytes, checksum: dbf6ad23f373f46416bf9239fd31bd03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T23:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 49b.pdf: 2090969 bytes, checksum: dbf6ad23f373f46416bf9239fd31bd03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-09 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo mostra algumas diferenças conceituais existentes entre as duas grandes famílias de direito existentes no ocidente – common law e civil law. Para tanto, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica em fonte primárias relativas a tradição da common law busca evidenciar os principais pontos relativos a sua formação, bem como algumas peculiaridades existentes no Reino Unido e nos Estados Unidos da América quanto aos precedentes. O principal ponto de averiguação consiste na formação de precedentes, overruling e distinguish dos mesmos, o que implica em uma busca pela origem, definição e operação, tanto na vinculação hierárquica vertical e como na horizontal. Assim, para além das diferenças entre as tradições, a constituição dos quadros jurídicos (magistratura e advocacia) desvenda muito sobre a operação e construção do direito. Quanto ao Brasil delineiam-se alguns aspectos relevantes de sua história que contribuem para a compreensão do presente momento de crise no/do Poder Judiciário. Faz-se esse percurso para entender o porquê da existência dos recursos extraordinários e a problemática formação da federação brasileira e a concentração das competências legislativas materiais e processuais a cargo da União. Nesse cenário é importante a análise de como as modificações introduzidas pelo constituinte reformador têm a capacidade de solucionar os gargalos enfrentados pelo Poder Judiciário e em que medida a ideia de vinculação aqui implementadas refletem a experiência da common law ou tem mais similitude à tradição portuguesa dos assentos. Propõe-se, por fim, uma ideia de vinculação diferente da existente (súmulas vinculantes e de condensação de jurisprudência) a ser adotada no Brasil, que mais se aproxime a existente na common law, em que se valoriza o caso decidido e se parte para a vinculação aos motivos determinantes da decisão, ideia que tem semelhança a ratio decidendi, mas não é o mesmo que ela, em razão da forma como são realizados os julgamentos. A tentativa é de ver aquilo que pode ser útil, sem exaltação de uma tradição como melhor do que a outra, mas sim na compreensão das peculiaridades que a experiência dos precedentes na common law podem ajudar para uma vinculação que venha contribuir para uma melhor prestação jurisdicional, com uma racionalização no acesso ao Poder Judiciário, juntamente com uma otimização dos julgamentos dos tribunais de superposição para que seja viável a existência de vinculação e expansão erga omnes dos motivos determinantes das decisões. / The present study shows some conceptual differences between the two biggest families of law existing in the western - common law and civil law . The research is done through bibliographic search in primary sources of the common law tradition seeking to highlight the key points about the background as well as some peculiarities existing in the United Kingdom and the United States of America about binding precedents. The main point of investigation is the shaping of precedents, overruling and distinguish of them, which implies a search for the origin, definition and operation in its vertical and horizontal binding power. Thus, in addition to the differences between the traditions, the establishment of the judicial careers (judges and lawyers) reveals much about the operation and construction of law. About Brazil the study tries to outline some relevant aspects of its history that contributes to understand the present crisis in / of the Judiciary. In this journey tries to understand the reason for the existence of extraordinary appeal and the problematic organization of the Brazilian federation that concentrates the substantive and procedural legislative powers in charge of the federal government. In this scenario it is important to analyze how the changes introduced by the legislative power are able to solve the problems faced by the judiciary and how the idea of binding implemented here reflect the experience of the common law or has more similarity to the Portuguese tradition. By the end it is proposed a idea of stare decisis that is different from the one that exists here nowadays (binding precedents and jurisprudence condensation), which is closest to the common law tradition, where the ratio decidendi of the decided case provides to further cases the determinants reasons to the decision. The attempt is to see what can be useful, without exaltation of one tradition as better than the other, but rather in understanding the peculiarities that the experience of precedent in common law can help to provide a stare decisis that contributes to a better judicial adjudication with rationalization of access to the judiciary, together with an optimization of the judgments of the courts of superposition to be feasible to have binding judgments – erga omnes – and expansion of the determining reasons of the decisions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ibrahim Fleury de Camargo Madeira Filho.pdf: 1435724 bytes, checksum: 1f65dc9108fceffcbe58c15093370219 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-14 / The Federal Constitution of 1988, in reference to the Family Law, innovated in disposing the Article 226, 3rdparagraph: For effect of protection of the State, it is recognized the common-law marriage between man and woman as a familiar entity, and the law should facilitate its conversion into civil marriage . We have concentrated on the second part of this constitutional precept and only the common-law marriage between man and woman. There have been new judgments by the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF) based on this modification. Although the Constitution has oriented to the law enactment, that facilitated the conversion of the common-law marriage, between man and woman, into civil marriage, the legislators haven`t accomplished their mission, or at least, they haven`t done it properly. Not even with the enactment of the law n. 9.278 from 05-10-1996, nor the Civil Code from 2002, article n. 1.726. There some bills about the theme mentioned above that have been examined by the National Congress. These omissions on the laws cause many problems and the Justice Court-inspecting Authority of each State has tried to supply them. We have observed, since antiquity, there is a concern about formalizing marriages among the couples who have informal relationships. Moreover, according to the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE) more than 1/3 (one-third) of the Brazilian couples haven`t got the civil registry to legalize their common-law marriage. This constitutional law being examined has been created for their assistance. We consider the conversion of the common-law marriage into civil marriage similar to the conversion of religious marriage into civil marriage. Our research has involved comparative law and revealed many similarities between Brazilians Laws and those of other nations, but they have less detail and are not expressed at the Constitutional level, as seen in Brazil, where it is established that the law should facilitate the conversion of the common-law marriage into civil marriage. We have indicated the possible reasons, judicial and practical, to think about the right to convert common-law marriage into civil marriage; the indispensable constitutional and legal requirements for it; the adequate procedures to be within the constitutional law; beyond the effects derived from exercising of this right / A Constituição Federal de 1988, no que se refere ao direito de família, inovou ao dispor, no art. 226, § 3º, que: Para efeito de proteção do Estado, é reconhecida a união estável entre o homem e a mulher como entidade familiar, devendo a lei facilitar sua conversão em casamento . Dedicamo-nos à segunda parte desse preceito constitucional e apenas à união formada entre o homem e a mulher. Assim procedemos considerando os recentes julgamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal. No que diz respeito ao tema do nosso trabalho, constatamos que, embora o Poder Constituinte haja orientado para a edição de lei que facilite a conversão da união estável, entre o homem e a mulher, em casamento, o legislador ordinário ainda não cumpriu essa missão ou, ao menos, assim não o fez adequadamente, nem ao editar a Lei n. 9.278, de 10 de maio de 1996, muito menos o art. 1.726 do Código Civil de 2002. É certo que há proposições legislativas, a esse respeito, tramitando no Congresso Nacional. Essa situação, de lacuna no direito, gera problemas, que normas das Corregedorias-Gerais de Justiça dos Estados procuram suprir. Observamos que, desde a antiguidade, há preocupação no sentido de que os casais afeitos ao relacionamento informal venham a formalizar matrimônio. Ademais, conforme mostram os registros do IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, dos casais brasileiros, mais de 1/3 (um terço) não tem vínculo inscrito no Registro Civil e são os destinatários imediatos da norma constitucional em estudo. Consideramos a similaridade que pode haver entre a conversão da união estável em casamento e o reconhecimento de efeitos civis do matrimônio religioso. Nossa pesquisa abrangeu o direito comparado, que revelou previsões normativas semelhantes à brasileira, embora sem a peculiaridade de, em sede constitucional, estabelecer que a lei deva facilitar a conversão da união estável em casamento. Apontamos algumas das possíveis razões, jurídicas e práticas, para se pensar no direito à conversão da união estável em casamento; as indispensáveis exigências constitucionais e legais para tanto; o procedimento mais adequado para ser atendido o mandamento constitucional; além dos efeitos decorrentes do exercício desse direito

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wendell Lopes Barbosa de Souza.pdf: 1760265 bytes, checksum: 047f2c0711b914c359bc25b639c687e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-13 / It can be seen today the real tendency of the civil liability under Brazilian law to the American system of common law precedents, each one with its details. On the other hand, examining U.S. law, there is a proliferation of written statutes, which are parameters to the production of jurisprudence relating to the cases of compensation for punitive damages. In reality, despite being situated in the Brazilian legal system among those members of the labeled civil law, supported by robust written legislation, with regard to compensation for non-compensatory damages can be said without hesitation that the course of jurisprudence leads to the conviction that damage issues are today being resolved by decisions fixed to an eminently factual bases, which have relied on statements by the Judiciary. Consequently, the judicial cases, for example, involving the non-compensatory damage and its consequences, like the turbulent fixing quantum of money, are resolved exclusive under precedents for the fact identical or at least similar. In the United States, a country that adopted the system of precedents for the resolution of legal disputes, including, at first, the group of nations adept to common law, it is noticed today the contingency of the production of statutes for the discipline of relevant topics, as the issue of punitive damages, making room for the written law of legal rules guiding judicial decisions. Hence we speak in interface between civil law and common law regarding the judicial resolution of the cases that focus on issues relating to non-compensatory damages in Brazil and punitive damages in the United States in the press law, especially when the case is about the the press company s right to inform and the right of privacy of the news subject / Pode-se verificar verdadeira tendência da responsabilidade civil no direito brasileiro ao sistema americano dos precedentes do common law, guardadas as peculiaridades de cada sistema. De outro lado, examinando-se o direito americano, verifica-se a proliferação de leis escritas, que passam a serem parâmetros à produção jurisprudencial relativa aos casos de indenizações punitivas. Realmente, não obstante posicione-se o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro dentre aqueles assim considerados integrantes do sistema do civil law, amparados por robusta legislação positivada, no que toca à indenização por danos morais pode-se dizer tranquilamente que o caminhar da jurisprudência leva ao convencimento de que as questões indenitárias estejam hoje sendo resolvidas por decisões fincadas em bases eminentemente fáticas, que já contaram com pronunciamentos anteriores do Poder Judiciário. Resulta daí, por exemplo, que as lides judiciárias envolvendo o dano moral e seus consectários, como a tormentosa fixação do quantum indenitário, sejam resolvidas exclusivamente com base em precedentes jurisprudenciais relativos a fatos idênticos ou pelo menos semelhantes. Já nos Estados Unidos, país que adotou o sistema dos precedentes jurisprudenciais para a solução dos litígios forenses, integrando, em princípio, o grupo das nações adeptas do common law, hoje se vê na contingência da produção de leis escritas para a disciplina de temas relevantes, como a questão das indenizações punitivas, abrindo espaço para a positivação de normas jurídicas orientadoras das decisões judiciais. Daí se falar em interface entre civil law e common law no que toca à resolução das lides judiciárias que têm por objeto as questões indenitárias relativas aos danos morais no Brasil e aos punitive damages nos Estados Unidos no direito de imprensa, sobretudo quando se trata do conflito entre o direito de informar da empresa jornalística e o direito de privacidade do sujeito da notícia