<p>The current study empirically tested a model of sibling caregiving topic avoidance, including privacy rule criteria as predictors of topic avoidance and both relationship satisfaction and depression as outcomes of topic avoidance. Associations between topic avoidance and its predictors and outcomes were compared for primary and non-primary caregivers. Additionally, the study tested privacy expectations, including information ownership and caregiving talk preference, as moderators of the associations between topic avoidance and both relationship satisfaction and depression. The current study is grounded in communication privacy management theory, conceptualizing topic avoidance as a strategy for maintaining privacy (CPM; Petronio, 2002). Findings validate CPM propositions related to privacy rule development and privacy turbulence. Findings also further understanding of informal caregiving, sibling communication, and topic avoidance.</p> <p>Over 75% of all eldercare in the United States is provided by unpaid, non-professionals (Family Caregiver Alliance, n.d.). Providing unpaid care has been linked to diminished well-being, including negative physical and mental health effects (Cooper, Balamurali, & Livingston, 2007). However, some scholars argue that caregiving is only detrimental in particular circumstances with some caregivers experiencing more benefits than burdens (Roth, Fredman, & Haley, 2015). The current study proposes that sibling communication is a key factor in determining when caregiving is harmful. </p> <p>Specifically, the current study examines topic avoidance about parent well-being and sibling’s contributions to parental care, including predictors of topic avoidance and the association of topic avoidance with sibling relationship satisfaction and depression. The current study includes a pilot study of 207 participants to develop CPM measures of caregiving topic avoidance, benefit-risk analysis, and information ownership as well as a measure of caregiving involvement (including personal care, routine tasks, and emotional support). The resulting measures are utilizing in a main study of 415 participants, testing models of middle-aged siblings’ topic avoidance.</p> <p>Findings contribute to understanding of informal care, sibling communication, and CPM. Privacy rule criteria, including context, motivation, and risk-benefit analysis, were associated with topic avoidance. Surprisingly, gender and family culture were not strongly associated with topic avoidance. Topic avoidance resulted in relationship dissatisfaction and greater depression when topic avoidance did not align with privacy expectations, resulting in privacy turbulence. Differences emerged for primary caregivers compared with non-primary caregivers, including predictors of topic avoidance and direct effects of caregiving involvement on relationship satisfaction and depression. For primary caregivers, involvement in personal care was associated with greater depression, and involvement in emotional support was associated with less depression. Overall, findings further understanding of privacy management, caregiving, and sibling communication and provide interesting avenues for future research.</p>

Based on the rapid development of Big Data, the data from the online social network becomea major part of it. Big data make the social networks became data-oriented rather than social-oriented. Taking this into account, this dissertation presents a qualitative study to research howdoes the data-oriented social network affect its users’ privacy management for nowadays. Within this dissertation, an overview of Big Data and privacy issues on the social network waspresented as a background study. We adapted the communication privacy theory as a frameworkfor further analysis how individuals manage their privacy on social networks. We study socialnetworks as an entirety in this dissertation. We selected Facebook as a case study to present theconnection between social network, Big Data and privacy issues. The data that supported the result of this dissertation collected by the face-to-face and in-depthinterview study. As consequence, we found that the people divided the social networks intodifferent level of openness in order to avoid the privacy invasions and violations, according totheir privacy concern. They reduced and transferred their sharing from an open social networkto a more close one. However, the risk of privacy problems actually raised because peopleneglected to understand the data process on social networks. They focused on managed theeveryday sharing but too easily allowed other application accessed their personal data on thesocial network (such like the Facebook profile).

This study aims to investigate how parents are reasoning when it comes to sharing photos of their children on Instagram. The phenomenon, known as sharenting, has been questioned due to the morality problems that arise from the fact that children don't have the same opportunity to approve their exposure in social channels as an adult. The fact that parents make money off their Instagram account is another aspect that is included in the study, which is relevant because of a new law in France. This law regulates profitable content that includes children, in order to protect the children. The aim and purpose of the survey was therefore to gain a deeper understanding of what motivating factors that surround sharing pictures and information about your child on Instagram, and also investigate how parents are reasoning about moral issues. The theoretical framework for this study is uses and gratification theory and communication privacy management theory. Through interviews and a qualitative method of analysis, the results show that many motivating factors are affecting, but that the connection and communication created between parents online is one of the biggest driving forces. There is a significant variation in awareness of the moral issues, but it was possible to decipher a pattern regarding where the boundaries of integrity go. For example, naked content and conflicts are being held outside Instagram. Discussions are held about whether this could be linked to a media morality where societal norms control what is considered accepted to share or not.

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Cookies är idag ett utbrett fenomen som nyttjas vid digital insamling av information. Informationen som samlas in är ofta av personlig karaktär och används bland annat för att individanpassa användarupplevelser på webbsidor. Ovissheten kring digital insamling av personlig information skapar en oro som idag är mycket omdebatterad. Detta arbete utgörs av en kvantitativ studie med syfte att undersöka möjliga samband mellan universitetsstudenters medvetenhet, attityd och beteende gällande digital insamling av information. Undersökningen består av en onlinebaserad enkät. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats utifrån det teoretiska ramverket Communication Privacy Management (CPM) med hjälp av analysmetoden Partial Least Squares (PLS) samt IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) för att finna relevanta samband. Resultat påvisade att majoriteten universitetsstudenter känner till fenomenet cookies, men färre känner till dess användningsområden. Det konstaterades även att medvetenhet kring cookies har en påverkan på både beteende och attityd. Det fastställdes även att oavsett om universitetsstudenter har en negativ attityd förändras inte dess beteende. / Cookies are a widespread phenomenon and the main technique for digital collection of information. The collected information is often of personal nature and is used, among other things, to personalize user experiences on web pages. The uncertainty regarding digital collection of personal information creates privacy concerns that is significantly debated today. This essay consists of a quantitative study with the aim to investigate possible relations between university students awareness, attitude and behaviour regarding digital collection of information. The survey consist of an online-based poll. The gathered material has been analyzed by the theoretical framework Communication Communication Management (CPM) with the analysis method Partial Least Squares (PLS) and the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to find relevant relations. Results showed that the majority of university students are familiar with the phenomenon of cookies, but few are aware of its area of use. It was also found that awareness of cookies has an influence on both behaviour and attitude. It can be established that regardless of whether university students have a negative or positive attitude regarding cookies, it does not affect their behaviour.

Sharenting is a new term used to define the action of parents posting about their children online. Social media provides parents with an easy to use outlet for image distribution to all family and friends that simultaneously archives the images into a digital baby book. While convenient, once publicly posted anyone can gain access to the images of the children. Instagram is a favorable social media channel for sharenting. A popular hashtag on Instagram, #letthembelittle, contains 8 million posts dedicated to child imagery. A set of 300 randomly selected images under the hashtag were coded. Images tended to contain personal information such as the child’s name, age, and location. Communication Privacy Management and Uses and Gratifications theories provided the theoretical frameworks for this study. The results suggested a possibly dangerous pattern of parental oversharing that could negatively impact the child and the child’s safety.

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本研究應用Petronio的傳播隱私管理理論(CPM)，探討在影音社交網站YouTube的情境中，使用者在資訊揭露與隱私之間的緊張關係，試圖了解使用者在影音社交網站YouTube情境中的隱私管理是如何，並從使用者的性別、使用動機、網路使用經驗、感知匿名/辨識、及感知風險程度的隱私考量，探討是否會對使用者在影音社交網站YouTube情境的隱私管理有所影響。 本研究嘗試從初探性的角度，針對上傳自己影音的使用者，發展出測量YouTube上傳自己影音的隱私測量量表在於了解目前使用者的使用現狀，而什麼樣的影響因素，會影響到這些使用者在上傳影音時的隱私管理行為，以供未來研究做為參考與指教。 本文完成有效樣本共有617位使用者，其中包含527位有上傳過自己影音的使用者，90位沒有上傳過自己影音的使用者；研究發現女性使用者會比男性使用者揭露較少，且個人資訊連結較少；而愈沒有消遣娛樂使用動機的使用者，對於個人資訊界線控制會愈多；具有自我表現使用動機的使用者，對於個人資訊揭露程度就會愈多，而不愈具有消遣娛樂使用動機的使用者，個人資訊連結會愈多，具有自我表現使用動機的使用者，個人資訊連結就會愈多。 此外在使用者自我感知與各自隱私管理行為之間關係中，發現上傳影音的使用者，不會因為個人內容所感知到的風險程度，而進行自我資訊控制等隱私管理行為；反而會因為從他人的影音內容中辨識出他人，以及因為外在環境感知到的風險程度，而進行自我資訊控制以及自我資訊揭露程度行為的隱私管理。 / This study applies Petronio’s Communication Privacy Management theory to explore how YouTubers manage their disclosure in YouTube videos; whether YouTubers’ gender, motivation, internet experience, the degree of perceived identification and perceived risk have any impact on their privacy management behaviors in social networking site, YouTube. In addition, this study uses Child, Pearson & Petronio’s (2008) WPMM scale as reference; attempts to create an explanatory scale to measure YouTubers’ privacy concern and management for future research. There are 617 YouTubers completed an online survey, including 527 YouTubers who have their video available in YouTube and 90 YouTubers who do not have their video available in YouTube. Results show female YouTubers disclose their personal information much less than male and have less linkage behavior. As for YouTubers’ motivation, users who do not regard using YouTube as entertainment will control their information; and users who often present themselves in YouTube will disclose their information. Additionally, users being used to presenting themselves will open more access and linkage to their personal information. What’s more, YouTubers who can identify others from their own videos and perceive threat or risk from internet environment have the tendency to have their information controlled and limited, not to disclose more personal information and disallow others have the access to their video in YouTube. Following the results of the present study, suggestions for future research in the online management of privacy, especially in YouTube context, are also listed and discussed.