Both Psychology and Christianity are concerned with the well-being or wholeness of the human person. Since God is no respecter of persons, then all men are alike in their basic nature. Psychology bears out this conclusion. Therefore, upon the foundation of this basic agreement psychology may be used effectively in helping to establish a fundamental agreement for the effective worship of Christian men. The scope of this treatment will consider only three of the basic acts of Christian worship - prayer, baptism and the Lord's Supper.

Mental health services are greatly underutilized by military service members and veterans. Among the reasons for this underutilization is that the services offered may not be a good fit for the specific problems facing service members/veterans and/or their families. The current study presented service members with descriptions of several approaches to treatment and asked them to indicate the likelihood of using each. Service members indicated the highest likelihood for using self-directed services, followed by individual treatment with a professional. They reported being least likely to use group approaches. These results may inform decisions about the implementation and dissemination of information about existing and new services.

End-of-the-semester teaching evaluations hold consequential weight in professors’ career outcomes, which can be problematic if these evaluations are affected by gender bias. This research sought to examine gender bias in evaluations of professors through two experimental studies (via a 15-minute online lecture and a university-sanctioned online course), offering two ecologically valid manipulations of professor gender. Student gender and field of study were examined as moderators of this gender bias, as effects may be more pronounced among male raters compared to female raters, or among raters in majors that underrepresent women compared to raters in other majors. Findings revealed an effect of professor’s gender in the opposite direction: On average, students rated female professors more positively than they did male professors. Student gender and field of study did not affect professor ratings, nor did they moderate the effect of professor gender.

This study focused on whether empowerment at individual, organisational and community levels was evident in the context of a school development planning programme. A contextualist, multi-method approach to the study was used, combining quantitative and qualitative data. A School Development Planning Evaluation Scale was developed to assess organisational empowerment in a school context. Quantitative data measuring variables associated with empowerment were also examined to establish whether involvement in the programme was associated with empowerment at the individual (locus of control and general and specific efficacy) and organisational (participation and leadership) levels. An ex post facto analysis based on a post-test only comparison group evaluation design was conducted to explore the impact of the programme. Focus groups and interviews were conducted to establish whether school staff reported that involvement in the programme had led to their personal empowerment and the empowerment of their schools. Archival data relating to the schools were also examined. Relationships between the variables were explored using multiple regression and structural equation modelling. A model of school development was developed and tested. The results indicated that extent of involvement in the programme was not a significant influence on level of empowerment. More important was the influence of school leadership, and in particular the leadership style exercised by the principal. Impact and relationship matrices, integrating the quantitative and qualitative analyses, indicated that the programme had effects on both individuals and schools, and that the process of school development planning was related to aspects of organisational empowerment. Issues of organisational internal capacity and contextual support, however, influenced implementation of school development planning. The study suggests that school development planning is a process which is contextually related, and confirms and refines the nomological network of II organisational empowerment. The results indicate that a variety of individual, organisational and contextual factors impact on individual and organisational empowerment and that a multi-level perspective is necessary for understanding the school development process. The study also suggests that community psychology, and empowerment theory in particular, offer useful frameworks for theorising and researching school development issues at individual, organisational and community levels.

This study explores how international and South African community psychology has studied HIV in the past twenty years, emphasising the methodological and theoretical aspects of research being produced. Concurrently, this study situates itself within an empowerment theory framework and has sought to comment upon marginalised groups and their presence in published community psychology-based HIV research. The research made use of data generated from a content analysis of selected journal articles from the South African Journal of Psychology, the American Journal of Community Psychology, the Journal of Community Psychology, and the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology over the period 1990-2009. The results reflect a dearth of community psychology research concerning HIV and a reliance on positivistic methodologies across contexts, as well as a predominant focus on epistemologies relating to risk and prevention. It was found that whilst interest in marginalised groups within community psychology based HIV research has increased particularly in the last decade, the voices of some of the most vulnerable groups remain relatively silent. It is understood that a move away from more traditional health psychology methods and understandings of HIV, to a more critical conceptualisation is imperative for the field of community psychology with regards to this prominent social problem.

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa-ação realizada para o mestrado em Psicologia Social no Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Teve como campo de pesquisa a comunidade de São Remo, favela localizada às margens desta universidade. Pautou-se pelas disciplinas de Psicologia Ambiental e de Psicologia Comunitária e teve por objetivo estudar as relações que esses moradores estabeleciam com seu espaço por meio da Pesquisa-Ação Emancipatória a fim de analisar seu enraizamento e/ou desenraizamento em relação à São Remo. Para tanto, houve uma aproximação inicial com os moradores locais para compreender como eles entendiam seu território e quais as queixas por eles apresentadas. Dentre alguns problemas levantados por eles, estava a questão do lixo. Após essa aproximação, foram realizadas conversas informais e reuniões com alguns moradores, tendo sido desenvolvida conjuntamente a proposta de organizar um grupo que pensasse e discutisse a questão do lixo e propusesse soluções para esta demanda. O grupo foi articulado e estruturado durante o ano de 2014, atendendo aos objetivos iniciais de sua proposta, e continuou mesmo após o término dessa pesquisa de mestrado, sem a presença de pesquisadores da USP. As minúcias dessa experiência, bem como aspectos dessa comunidade e do papel de uma pesquisadora em uma modalidade de pesquisa como essa a pesquisa-ação emancipatória estão relatadas ao longo da dissertação / This dissertation is the result of an action research for master in Social Psychology in the Instituto de Psicologia in the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). The research field was the community of São Remo, located in the marginal area of this university. Based on the Environmental Psychology and Community Psychology, and had the objective of to study the relationship that these residents established with your space by the Emancipatory Action Research to analyze their rootedness and/or uprooting in relation with São Remo. For this, it had an initial approximation with locals for the comprehension of how they understood their territory and which demands they would present. Among some problems raised by them, was the issue of garbage. After that approach, some informal conversation and meetings happened with locals and we developed together the proposal to organize a group to think and discuss the issue of garbage and propose solutions for this demand. This group was articulated and structured throughout the year of 2014, having served its initial proposal, and continues even after the end of this master research, without the presence of researchers of USP. The details of this experience, as well as aspects of this community and the role of a researcher in a mode research like this emancipatory action research are reported along the dissertation

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central compreender as perspectivas de futuro de jovens faxinalenses. Para isso, buscamos entender as particularidades de sua forma de vida, desafios, problemas, potencialidades, sua relação com as comunidades e os possíveis fatores que influenciam na aproximação ou distanciamento entre eles e seus territórios. Os faxinais constituem uma forma particular de organização camponesa reconhecida como Comunidade Tradicional. Possuem como principal característica o uso de áreas em comum, chamadas de criadouro comunitário. Neste espaço, as famílias criam seus animais à solta, preservam grande parte da vegetação nativa, constroem suas casas e mantêm a dinâmica comunitária. Quanto ao uso comum das áreas, muitos proprietários permitem que não proprietários de terras morem e usufruam da área do criador comunitário, a partir de acordos estabelecidos entre os envolvidos. Historicamente, os faxinais vêm sofrendo fortes pressões por grande parte do sistema econômico, do modelo de agricultura considerada moderna e do poder público, que invadem seus territórios, destroem a natureza, geram preconceito, forçam a diminuição e o fechamento das áreas de uso comum, e expulsam famílias das comunidades. Apesar de intensas pressões, inúmeras famílias seguem resistindo e dando continuidade ao seu tradicional modo de vida. Para compreender as estratégias de resistência e as perspectivas de futuro, participamos de espaços coletivos das comunidades, empreendemos oficinas, conversas informais com lideranças comunitárias e com os jovens, sendo que com os jovens ainda realizamos, em grupos, a técnica percurso comentado. A partir das análises dos dados obtidos em campo, sistematizamos algumas estratégias que as comunidades faxinalenses utilizaram e utilizam para resistir a condições sociais e econômicas degradantes, que, no limite, visam à sua finalização. Interpretamos a relação das comunidades com o Movimento Articulação Puxirão dos Povos Faxinalenses (APF) como essencial para o desenvolvimento das estratégias, que se manifestam na educação, na geração de renda, nas associações comunitárias, na produção agroecológica, nos espaços coletivos, na religiosidade e no enraizamento, que promovem relações diferenciadas com o território e com o modo de vida. Fatores que mobilizam formas de resistência, fortalecimento das comunidades, reorganização das tradições e, consequentemente, contribuem com a construção de planos e perspectivas de futuro dos jovens faxinalenses, que lutam e resistem pela manutenção e desenvolvimento de suas comunidades / The research central goal was to understand the future prospects of young faxinalenses. For this, we seek to understand the particularities of their way of life, challenges, problems, potentials, their relationship with the communities and the possible factors that influence the greater proximity or distance between them and their territories, as well as contribute to the valuation process of their demands and greater the visibility of this way of life. The faxinais constitute a particular form of peasant organization recognized as a Traditional Community. Have as main feature the use of areas in common, called creation in community. In this space the households keep their animals in a free range system, preserve much of the native vegetation, build their houses and maintains the community dynamics. Regarding the common use areas, many owners allow the ones that do not own the land to live and benefit from the Community creation area, from agreements between those involved. Historically these communities have been suffering strong pressure from a large part of the economic system, the agricultural model considered \"modern\" and the government, which invade their territories, destroy the nature, generate prejudice, forcing the reduction and closing of the common use areas and expel families from communities. Despite intense pressures, many families continue to resist and continuing its traditional way of life. To understand the strategies of resistance and future prospects, we participate in collective spaces of communities, undertake workshops, informal conversations with community leaders and with young people, and with young people also conducted, in groups, the technical called commented route. From the analysis of the data obtained in the field, it was systematized some strategies that communities have used and use to resist the degrading social and economic conditions, which, ultimately, aimed at its phase out. It was interpreted the relationship of communities with the Movimento Articulação Puxirão dos Povos Faxinalenses (APF) as essential for the development of strategies that manifest themselves in education, income generation, the community associations in agroecological production, in collective spaces, religiosity and cultural rooting, which promote differentiated relationships with the territory and the way of life. Factors that mobilize forms of resistance, strengthening of communities, reorganization of traditions and thus contribute to building plans and future prospects of young people faxinalenses, who struggle and resist for the maintenance and development of their communities

As observações realizadas durante o projeto Psicologia comunitária e educação popular: um estudo das possíveis articulações nas práticas dos movimentos sociais, financiado pelo Programa Ensinar com Pesquisa, levantaram elementos para a discussão sobre os sofrimentos provocados pelo desenraizamento em jovens dos assentamentos do MST. Ao longo de nossa participação nas atividades do Movimento, observamos que os jovens dos assentamentos da Regional Grande São Paulo do MST enfrentavam diversos obstáculos ao seu pertencimento no lugar onde moram, tais como o sentimento de que quando viviam acampados os moradores eram mais unidos; a busca por espaços de convivência e socialização, bem como a busca por acesso aos centros urbanos; e os vários preconceitos e discriminações sofridos no bairro e na escola. Por isso, este projeto discute algumas das formas de resistências manifestadas pelos jovens em relação aos sofrimentos que vivem e em que medida os espaços de pertencimento ligados ao movimento sustentam experiências de elaboração de sofrimentos como o desenraizamento e a humilhação social. Para cumprir este objetivo, abordamos as articulações teóricas entre psicologia comunitária e educação popular, refletindo sobre as formas de apoio desenvolvidas pelos psicólogos aos movimentos sociais, cujas práticas são orientadas por um horizonte emancipatório, e continuamos participando de atividades do Movimento, de oficinas com os jovens assentados. Além disso, recolhemos histórias de vida de cinco jovens participantes do MST na regional grande São Paulo. Observamos, a partir das entrevistas e da participação nas atividades do Movimento e nas oficinas, que as diferentes formas de participação nas comunas deixam nos jovens assentados marcas pelas quais é possível reconhecer a importância do Movimento em suas vidas. Os relatos guardam boas lembranças da infância em meio à precariedade dos acampamentos e mostram como os jovens não são passivos as manifestações de desrespeito por eles sofridas, reagindo às violências morais e físicas que vivem em seu cotidiano, seja, por exemplo, na busca do diálogo com a diretoria de uma escola que frequentam ou se unindo e confrontando a violência que sofrem. Compreendemos que o apontamento dessas formas de resistência contribui para a militância fortalecer a participação política desses jovens no Movimento. Esse fortalecimento, por sua vez, contribui na construção da autonomia dos jovens assentados, construída na participação em uma coletividade e que se realiza no reconhecimento de que dependemos uns dos outros, uma dependência que não é subserviência ou submissão, mas reconhecimento de que a nossa humanidade depende do reconhecimento mútuo da humanidade no outro, ou seja, a experiência compartilhada de enraizamento / The observations made during the project \"Community psychology and popular education: a study of possible links in the social movements practices\", funded by the Program Teaching with Research, raised elements for discussion about the sufferings caused by the uprooting of young people of the MST settlements. Throughout our participation in the Movement\'s activities, we observed that the youth of settlements Regional Greater São Paulo MST faced many obstacles to its membership in the place where they live, such as the feeling that when they lived camped residents were more united; the search for living spaces and socialization, as well as the search for access to urban centers; and the various prejudices and discrimination suffered in the neighborhood and at school. Therefore, this project discusses some of the forms of resistance expressed by young people in relation to the suffering living and to what extent the membership of areas linked to movement support development experiences of suffering as the uprooting and social humiliation. To meet this goal, we approach the theoretical links between community psychology and popular education, reflecting on the forms of support developed by psychologists to social movements, whose practices are guided by an emancipatory horizon, and continue participating in movement activities, workshops with young settlers. Also, we collect life stories of five young participants of the MST in major regional São Paulo. Noted, the interviews and participation in the Movement activities and workshops, the different forms of participation in the communes make us young settlers marks by which you can recognize the importance of the Movement in their lives. Reports keep good memories of childhood amid the precariousness of the camps and show how young people are not passive demonstrations of disrespect they suffered, reacting to the moral and physical violence living in their daily lives, is, for example, in the search for dialogue with the board of a school attending or joining confronting violence and suffering. We understand that the appointment of these forms of resistance contributes to the militancy to strengthen the political participation of these young people in the Movement. This strengthening, in turn, contributes to the construction of autonomy of the settlers young, built on participation in a community and to be held in recognition that depend on each other, a dependence that is not subservience or submission, but recognition that our humanity depends on humanity\'s mutual recognition on the other, that is, the shared experience of rooting

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / nÃo hà / Este trabalho intenta investigar como se dÃo os processos de mediaÃÃo simbÃlica atravÃs do uso de tÃcnicas de dramatizaÃÃo em intervenÃÃes de Psicologia ComunitÃria, tendo em vista compreender e articular teoricamente a tÃcnica de dramatizaÃÃo com questÃes relativas à arte e à brincadeira. As bases teÃricas se fundamentam na teoria histÃrico-cultural para a compreensÃo do funcionamento psÃquico e dos processos psicolÃgicos mediados. O estudo empÃrico foi realizado no contexto de uma situaÃÃo de intervenÃÃo em Psicologia ComunitÃria com um grupo de jovens de uma ONG em Fortaleza, sendo analisado apenas um encontro em que se trabalhou com a tÃcnica de dramatizaÃÃo, no qual o tema do debate era a âadolescÃnciaâ. Foi feito o registro em vÃdeo da situaÃÃo de intervenÃÃo escolhida para anÃlise, especificamente a atividade dramatizada, compreendendo esta em suas diferentes etapas, a fase de debate inicial (aquecimento), a dramatizaÃÃo propriamente dita e o momento de reflexÃo posterior gerado a partir da mesma. O procedimento de anÃlise foi tomado como construtivo-interpretativo, de modo que se realizou uma anÃlise de conteÃdo com a intenÃÃo de produzir indÃcios que permitissem traÃar nexos de inteligibilidade diante dos fenÃmenos estudados. Tendo em vista que no encontro analisado estava em questÃo o modo como os participantes do grupo concebiam e qualificavam caracterÃsticas e papÃis tomados como pertinentes à âadolescÃnciaâ, elegeu-se duas categorias de anÃlise, a saber: âconhecimento socialâ e âjulgamento moralâ. Os resultados da anÃlise apontam para as construÃÃes possibilitadas a partir da dramatizaÃÃo e sÃo considerados nas articulaÃÃes possÃveis entre a arte, a brincadeira e o funcionamento psÃquico. Neste sentido, a situaÃÃo de dramatizaÃÃo pode se constituir um processo mediado, na medida em que traduz e objetifica nÃo somente uma experiÃncia individual, mas tambÃm diz de uma vivÃncia perpassada pela histÃria do lugar e pelas interaÃÃes sociais estabelecidas, bem como abre espaÃo para reelaboraÃÃo da experiÃncia como ato criador. Ao mesmo tempo, a dramatizaÃÃo pode ser compreendida como ato de imaginaÃÃo, assim como à concebida a brincadeira numa visÃo histÃrico-cultural, ou seja, esta nÃo à concebida como uma aÃÃo simbÃlica isolada, mas està vinculada à imaginaÃÃo, que tal como as demais funÃÃes psicolÃgicas superiores, à oriunda da aÃÃo. A imaginaÃÃo, portanto, à tomada como o brinquedo sem aÃÃo e compÃe o cenÃrio da dramatizaÃÃo. / This work has the purpose of investigate how occur the process of symbolic mediation through the use of dramatization techniques in Community Psichologyâs interventions, having the will to comprehend and theoretically articulate the dramatization technique with related questions to art and play. The theoric bases are found in the Cultural-Historical theory for the comprehension of the psychical unctioning and the psychological mediated process. The empiric study was fulfilled in the context of a Community Psichologyâs intervention situation with a group of teenagers from a NGO at Fortaleza, being analyzed only one meeting in which the dramatization technique has been worked with and the topic of the debate was âadolescenceâ. The intervention situation choosed for analysis was registered in video, specifically the dramatized activity, acknowledging that in itâs different stages, the initial debate phase (warming), the dramatization itself and the later moment of reflexion generated by the dramatization. The analysis proceeding was handed as interpretative-construtive, in a way that was realized a contend analysis with the intent to produce clues that allowed to trace links of of intelligibility on the studied phenomena. Observing that the question in the analyzed meeting was the way how the teenagers of the group conceived and qualified the characteristics and papers captured as relevant to âteenagerâ, two analysis categories were elected: âSocial Knowledgeâ and âMoral Judgmentâ. The analysis results point to the constructions allowed by the dramatization and are considered in the possible articulations between the art, the play, and the psychical functioning. In this sense, the dramatization situation can constitute a mediated process, in so far as translate and objectifies not only an individual experience, but also says about a living per passed by the history of the place and the social interactions made, and also opens space for the re-elaboration of the experience as creator act. In the same time, the dramatization can be comprehended as an imagination act, so as it is conceived the play in a cultural-historical vision, meaning that it isnât conceived as an isolated symbolic act, but it is linked to the imagination, that, just as the others psychical functions, is originated by the action. Therefore, the imagination is captured as the toy without action and composes the scenery of dramatization.

As observações realizadas durante o projeto Psicologia comunitária e educação popular: um estudo das possíveis articulações nas práticas dos movimentos sociais, financiado pelo Programa Ensinar com Pesquisa, levantaram elementos para a discussão sobre os sofrimentos provocados pelo desenraizamento em jovens dos assentamentos do MST. Ao longo de nossa participação nas atividades do Movimento, observamos que os jovens dos assentamentos da Regional Grande São Paulo do MST enfrentavam diversos obstáculos ao seu pertencimento no lugar onde moram, tais como o sentimento de que quando viviam acampados os moradores eram mais unidos; a busca por espaços de convivência e socialização, bem como a busca por acesso aos centros urbanos; e os vários preconceitos e discriminações sofridos no bairro e na escola. Por isso, este projeto discute algumas das formas de resistências manifestadas pelos jovens em relação aos sofrimentos que vivem e em que medida os espaços de pertencimento ligados ao movimento sustentam experiências de elaboração de sofrimentos como o desenraizamento e a humilhação social. Para cumprir este objetivo, abordamos as articulações teóricas entre psicologia comunitária e educação popular, refletindo sobre as formas de apoio desenvolvidas pelos psicólogos aos movimentos sociais, cujas práticas são orientadas por um horizonte emancipatório, e continuamos participando de atividades do Movimento, de oficinas com os jovens assentados. Além disso, recolhemos histórias de vida de cinco jovens participantes do MST na regional grande São Paulo. Observamos, a partir das entrevistas e da participação nas atividades do Movimento e nas oficinas, que as diferentes formas de participação nas comunas deixam nos jovens assentados marcas pelas quais é possível reconhecer a importância do Movimento em suas vidas. Os relatos guardam boas lembranças da infância em meio à precariedade dos acampamentos e mostram como os jovens não são passivos as manifestações de desrespeito por eles sofridas, reagindo às violências morais e físicas que vivem em seu cotidiano, seja, por exemplo, na busca do diálogo com a diretoria de uma escola que frequentam ou se unindo e confrontando a violência que sofrem. Compreendemos que o apontamento dessas formas de resistência contribui para a militância fortalecer a participação política desses jovens no Movimento. Esse fortalecimento, por sua vez, contribui na construção da autonomia dos jovens assentados, construída na participação em uma coletividade e que se realiza no reconhecimento de que dependemos uns dos outros, uma dependência que não é subserviência ou submissão, mas reconhecimento de que a nossa humanidade depende do reconhecimento mútuo da humanidade no outro, ou seja, a experiência compartilhada de enraizamento / The observations made during the project \"Community psychology and popular education: a study of possible links in the social movements practices\", funded by the Program Teaching with Research, raised elements for discussion about the sufferings caused by the uprooting of young people of the MST settlements. Throughout our participation in the Movement\'s activities, we observed that the youth of settlements Regional Greater São Paulo MST faced many obstacles to its membership in the place where they live, such as the feeling that when they lived camped residents were more united; the search for living spaces and socialization, as well as the search for access to urban centers; and the various prejudices and discrimination suffered in the neighborhood and at school. Therefore, this project discusses some of the forms of resistance expressed by young people in relation to the suffering living and to what extent the membership of areas linked to movement support development experiences of suffering as the uprooting and social humiliation. To meet this goal, we approach the theoretical links between community psychology and popular education, reflecting on the forms of support developed by psychologists to social movements, whose practices are guided by an emancipatory horizon, and continue participating in movement activities, workshops with young settlers. Also, we collect life stories of five young participants of the MST in major regional São Paulo. Noted, the interviews and participation in the Movement activities and workshops, the different forms of participation in the communes make us young settlers marks by which you can recognize the importance of the Movement in their lives. Reports keep good memories of childhood amid the precariousness of the camps and show how young people are not passive demonstrations of disrespect they suffered, reacting to the moral and physical violence living in their daily lives, is, for example, in the search for dialogue with the board of a school attending or joining confronting violence and suffering. We understand that the appointment of these forms of resistance contributes to the militancy to strengthen the political participation of these young people in the Movement. This strengthening, in turn, contributes to the construction of autonomy of the settlers young, built on participation in a community and to be held in recognition that depend on each other, a dependence that is not subservience or submission, but recognition that our humanity depends on humanity\'s mutual recognition on the other, that is, the shared experience of rooting