This study is about the exploration of the concept of community, using the Mamelodi Counselling Clinic as the context for the exploration. The members who got involved in different phases in the running of the clinic, went through the process of defining and redefining the concept. This process was based on their experiences and their coevolved reality of what the concept means. These experiences will be discussed and in the end, a punctuated end product of the coevolved meanings will given. Furthermore, an account will be given as to how the running of the clinic evolved with the changes in meaning. The author's perception of the division between clinical and community psychology was altered as a result of the findings in the study and this will also be discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central compreender as perspectivas de futuro de jovens faxinalenses. Para isso, buscamos entender as particularidades de sua forma de vida, desafios, problemas, potencialidades, sua relação com as comunidades e os possíveis fatores que influenciam na aproximação ou distanciamento entre eles e seus territórios. Os faxinais constituem uma forma particular de organização camponesa reconhecida como Comunidade Tradicional. Possuem como principal característica o uso de áreas em comum, chamadas de criadouro comunitário. Neste espaço, as famílias criam seus animais à solta, preservam grande parte da vegetação nativa, constroem suas casas e mantêm a dinâmica comunitária. Quanto ao uso comum das áreas, muitos proprietários permitem que não proprietários de terras morem e usufruam da área do criador comunitário, a partir de acordos estabelecidos entre os envolvidos. Historicamente, os faxinais vêm sofrendo fortes pressões por grande parte do sistema econômico, do modelo de agricultura considerada moderna e do poder público, que invadem seus territórios, destroem a natureza, geram preconceito, forçam a diminuição e o fechamento das áreas de uso comum, e expulsam famílias das comunidades. Apesar de intensas pressões, inúmeras famílias seguem resistindo e dando continuidade ao seu tradicional modo de vida. Para compreender as estratégias de resistência e as perspectivas de futuro, participamos de espaços coletivos das comunidades, empreendemos oficinas, conversas informais com lideranças comunitárias e com os jovens, sendo que com os jovens ainda realizamos, em grupos, a técnica percurso comentado. A partir das análises dos dados obtidos em campo, sistematizamos algumas estratégias que as comunidades faxinalenses utilizaram e utilizam para resistir a condições sociais e econômicas degradantes, que, no limite, visam à sua finalização. Interpretamos a relação das comunidades com o Movimento Articulação Puxirão dos Povos Faxinalenses (APF) como essencial para o desenvolvimento das estratégias, que se manifestam na educação, na geração de renda, nas associações comunitárias, na produção agroecológica, nos espaços coletivos, na religiosidade e no enraizamento, que promovem relações diferenciadas com o território e com o modo de vida. Fatores que mobilizam formas de resistência, fortalecimento das comunidades, reorganização das tradições e, consequentemente, contribuem com a construção de planos e perspectivas de futuro dos jovens faxinalenses, que lutam e resistem pela manutenção e desenvolvimento de suas comunidades / The research central goal was to understand the future prospects of young faxinalenses. For this, we seek to understand the particularities of their way of life, challenges, problems, potentials, their relationship with the communities and the possible factors that influence the greater proximity or distance between them and their territories, as well as contribute to the valuation process of their demands and greater the visibility of this way of life. The faxinais constitute a particular form of peasant organization recognized as a Traditional Community. Have as main feature the use of areas in common, called creation in community. In this space the households keep their animals in a free range system, preserve much of the native vegetation, build their houses and maintains the community dynamics. Regarding the common use areas, many owners allow the ones that do not own the land to live and benefit from the Community creation area, from agreements between those involved. Historically these communities have been suffering strong pressure from a large part of the economic system, the agricultural model considered \"modern\" and the government, which invade their territories, destroy the nature, generate prejudice, forcing the reduction and closing of the common use areas and expel families from communities. Despite intense pressures, many families continue to resist and continuing its traditional way of life. To understand the strategies of resistance and future prospects, we participate in collective spaces of communities, undertake workshops, informal conversations with community leaders and with young people, and with young people also conducted, in groups, the technical called commented route. From the analysis of the data obtained in the field, it was systematized some strategies that communities have used and use to resist the degrading social and economic conditions, which, ultimately, aimed at its phase out. It was interpreted the relationship of communities with the Movimento Articulação Puxirão dos Povos Faxinalenses (APF) as essential for the development of strategies that manifest themselves in education, income generation, the community associations in agroecological production, in collective spaces, religiosity and cultural rooting, which promote differentiated relationships with the territory and the way of life. Factors that mobilize forms of resistance, strengthening of communities, reorganization of traditions and thus contribute to building plans and future prospects of young people faxinalenses, who struggle and resist for the maintenance and development of their communities

While several studies have analyzed the impact of mother-child attachment security on the child’s emotion regulation abilities, few studies have proposed interventions to help children improve emotion regulation abilities in the presence of an insecure mother-child attachment. This current study extends previous findings about the influence of mother-child attachment on the child’s emotion regulation abilities and contributes new research in determining whether an older sibling can moderate this effect. This study predicts that across points of assessments: 18 months, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, the quality of mother-child attachment security will influence the child’s performance on an emotion regulation task, such that securely attached children will demonstrate the most persistence and least distress, children with Anxious-Avoidant attachment will demonstrate the least persistence, and children with Anxious-Ambivalent will demonstrate the most distress. If, at any point, the child develops an insecure relationship with the mother and a secure relationship with the older sibling, the child’s persistence is expected to increase and the child’s distress is expected to decrease. In this way, the older sibling will serve as a surrogate attachment figure. These research findings have important implications for parenting behaviors as well as clinical practices.

Tendo como objetivo geral realizar uma pesquisa visual de forma compartilhada em Paraty, este trabalho abordou diferentes relações entre indivíduo e cidade através de fotografias de acervo pessoal de diferentes perfis encontrados no local: nativos, imigrantes e turistas. Para isso, cada um dos 12 participantes da pesquisa selecionou 12 fotografias de seu acervo pessoal para responder à pergunta como é a sua Paraty?. A partir dessas fotografias, realizamos as entrevistas, momento em que os participantes discorreram sobre as imagens por eles selecionadas, sempre deixando entrever significados sociais em suas narrativas e evidenciando os processos criativos vividos no contexto da pesquisa. Ao final, formaram-se: a) doze conjuntos de doze fotografias, cada um correspondente a um participante da pesquisa; b) os conjuntos multiautorais, que são compostos por imagens de diferentes participantes, porém, que dialogam entre si. Os procedimentos realizados nesse trabalho, que combinam fotografia de acervo pessoal e narrativa, permitiram a criação coletiva de uma representação fotográfica da cidade Paraty, compartilhada entre pesquisador e pesquisados. Também pudemos nos aproximar de algumas diferenças entre turistas, imigrantes e nativos desta cidade, as quais se revelaram nas imagens trazidas por cada sujeito da pesquisa / The broader objective of this work is to conduct a shared visual research in Paraty. To this end we address different relationships between the individual and the city, using photographs from the personal collections of different profiles found in the city: natives, immigrants and tourists. To each of the twelve research participants was asked to select twelve photographs from his personal collection in order to answer the question \"What is your Paraty like?\". From these photographs we conducted interviews, at which moment the participants talked about the images they had selected, allowing us to glimpse at social meanings in their narratives, and to point out the creative processes experimented in the context of research. By the end we had created: a) twelve sets of twelve photographs each corresponding to their author and research participant; b) multiple author sets, composed of photographs of different authors which, nevertheless, develop a dialogue with each other. The procedures performed in this work, which combine personal collection of photography and narrative, allowed the collective creation of a photographic representation of the city of Paraty, shared between researcher and researched. Furthermore, we were able to approach some of the differences between tourists, immigrants and natives of this city, which are revealed in the images brought by each research subject

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa-ação realizada para o mestrado em Psicologia Social no Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Teve como campo de pesquisa a comunidade de São Remo, favela localizada às margens desta universidade. Pautou-se pelas disciplinas de Psicologia Ambiental e de Psicologia Comunitária e teve por objetivo estudar as relações que esses moradores estabeleciam com seu espaço por meio da Pesquisa-Ação Emancipatória a fim de analisar seu enraizamento e/ou desenraizamento em relação à São Remo. Para tanto, houve uma aproximação inicial com os moradores locais para compreender como eles entendiam seu território e quais as queixas por eles apresentadas. Dentre alguns problemas levantados por eles, estava a questão do lixo. Após essa aproximação, foram realizadas conversas informais e reuniões com alguns moradores, tendo sido desenvolvida conjuntamente a proposta de organizar um grupo que pensasse e discutisse a questão do lixo e propusesse soluções para esta demanda. O grupo foi articulado e estruturado durante o ano de 2014, atendendo aos objetivos iniciais de sua proposta, e continuou mesmo após o término dessa pesquisa de mestrado, sem a presença de pesquisadores da USP. As minúcias dessa experiência, bem como aspectos dessa comunidade e do papel de uma pesquisadora em uma modalidade de pesquisa como essa a pesquisa-ação emancipatória estão relatadas ao longo da dissertação / This dissertation is the result of an action research for master in Social Psychology in the Instituto de Psicologia in the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). The research field was the community of São Remo, located in the marginal area of this university. Based on the Environmental Psychology and Community Psychology, and had the objective of to study the relationship that these residents established with your space by the Emancipatory Action Research to analyze their rootedness and/or uprooting in relation with São Remo. For this, it had an initial approximation with locals for the comprehension of how they understood their territory and which demands they would present. Among some problems raised by them, was the issue of garbage. After that approach, some informal conversation and meetings happened with locals and we developed together the proposal to organize a group to think and discuss the issue of garbage and propose solutions for this demand. This group was articulated and structured throughout the year of 2014, having served its initial proposal, and continues even after the end of this master research, without the presence of researchers of USP. The details of this experience, as well as aspects of this community and the role of a researcher in a mode research like this emancipatory action research are reported along the dissertation

African Americans (AA) are more susceptible to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for several reasons. Treatment options for patients with ESRD include dialysis therapy and transplantation, with the latter typically producing better outcomes. AA are less likely to complete the medical evaluation process, which requires patients to consult with doctors and undergo a series of tests and examinations. This study sought to determine the factors that predict completion of the medical evaluation for AA ESRD patients using a mixed methods design. Participants consisted of transplant professionals (N=23) recruited from nine transplant centers in the Mid-Atlantic, Mid-Western and Southeastern parts of the United States, and kidney patients (N=30 patients) recruited from one transplant center in the Mid-Atlantic region. Semi-structured interviews and nominal focus groups were conducted to gather qualitative data; quantitative survey data were also collected. The results revealed factors classified as impacting patients at the individual-level and systemic level, and others classified as health-related and informational/educational. Participants ranked insurances issues, limited income, lack of a personal means of transportation, lack of patient motivation, the number of procedures required to complete the evaluation, scheduling difficulties and time constraints as top barriers to completing the medical evaluation process. Top motivators consisted of informational support, social support, religious beliefs, patients’ desire to get off dialysis, support from the transplant staff, center-based education, patient’s knowledge of the benefits of transplantation and patient navigators. These findings provide valuable information on factors that impact AA renal patients’ completion of the medical evaluation.

In the current study, 226 international students attending Florida International University responded to an Web-based questionnaire that assessed self-reported scores for: acculturation, acculturative stress, alcohol use patterns, perceived peer alcohol use, and perceived injunctive social norms for alcohol use. The purpose of the study was to evaluate structural relations among this set of variables using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS 17.0. The results of SEM analyses documented acceptable fit of a model which hypothesized that relations between acculturation and alcohol use variables are mediated partially by acculturative stress, perceived peer alcohol use, and perceived injunctive social norms. While significant path coefficients were documented for paths between (a) acculturation and acculturative stress and (b) acculturative stress and alcohol use, the coefficients had negative signs, contrary to existing studies investigating these relations among immigrant youth. While paths between (a) perceived peer alcohol use or (b) perceived injunctive social norms and participants’ alcohol use were significant, path coefficients between acculturation and either (a) perceived peer alcohol use or (b) perceived injunctive social norms were not statistically significant. In addition, multiple-group comparisons suggested that social support had a significant moderating influence on several significant paths in the structural model. Specifically, international students reporting higher social support reported lower scores for acculturative stress and alcohol use, in contrast to their counterparts who reported lower scores for social support.

Many homeless youth come from foster homes, group homes, and other forms of substitute care. For young people in the child welfare system, elopement represents a major problem as it places them at risk for a number of troubling outcomes. Three studies were undertaken examining elopement among young people living in substitute care in Canada and the United States. The first study explored strengths and needs in a sample of 5,011 children and youth housed in a variety of substitute care settings including foster homes, group homes, residential treatment centres, emergency shelters, and juvenile justice facilities. Results indicated that needs, but not strengths, predicted running among children, while both needs and strengths predicted running among adolescents. Problems with school attendance, substance abuse, and delinquency also predicted running among both children and adolescents, with the exception of young children, for whom substance abuse was not a significant predictor. The second study explored the relationship between trauma, strengths, and elopement in a sample of 2,296 adolescents living in substitute care. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, school violence, and traumatic grief/separation were found to predict elopement. In addition, family violence and community violence predicted running among younger but not older adolescents. Educational strengths predicted a lower risk of running away for all adolescents, while well-being and relationship permanence predicted a lower risk of running among younger and older adolescents, respectively. The impact of strengths on the relationship between trauma and elopement was evaluated, with results suggesting that elopement was not predicted by an interaction between strengths and trauma. The third study was qualitative in nature and explored the perspectives of youth who had run away from substitute care at least once in their lifetime. Youth provided information about their experiences as well as suggestions designed to reduce the prevalence of running away among youth in substitute care. Findings for all three studies were discussed in relation to the literature with implications for research and prevention.

M.A. / The aim of this study was to examine how the members of Agape came to construct themselves as a healing community. An ecosystemic epistemology and social constructionism were used as a lens by which to view the events unfolding at Agape Healing Community and to illuminate how meanings, expressed through language and ritual, are negotiated and shared. Discourse analysis was used as an analytical tool to infer meaning from the participants’ speaking and to locate these discourses in the fabric that constitutes South African society.

Romantic experiences in adolescence have been found to predict relationship stability and marital status in adulthood. Religious practice and belief also have been linked to many benefits, including increased marital satisfaction and overall wellbeing. However, certain religions limit cross-gender interaction in areas of education, social interaction, and romantic relationships. Although gender segregation has been studied in educational and occupational contexts, no previous research has addressed religious gender segregation and its impact on relationship development, marital satisfaction, and overall wellbeing. The present study addressed the generalizability of data on cross-gender experience derived from normative populations to a religious subculture, outlining predictors for marital satisfaction and wellbeing in an Orthodox Jewish sample. Results showed some similarities between normative populations and the unique Orthodox Jewish culture represented by the study sample. However factors such as cross gender experience also illustrated divergent paths and outcomes for this sample. This study demonstrates the influence of societal norms and the importance of addressing cultural context when evaluating marital satisfaction.