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In this thesis the distinctive features and challenges of the company valuation in emerging markets are presented. The valuation approach considered as superior in comparison to other methodologies, the triangulating method, is applied to a company from the emerging market of Brazil, the aircraft manufacturer Embraer. The triangulation valuation approach comprises one primary method, the scenario discounted cash flow valuation, and two secondary approaches, the valuation based on multiples and the valuation with a country-risk built into the cost of capital. At the beginning, the valuation methods prevalent in developed markets are presented. Afterwards, for the emerging markets, the applicability of these approaches from the developed world is assessed. In addition, potentially useful modifications are identified. In advance of the detailed valuation of Embraer, the Brazilian macroeconomic situation and its main financial market, the Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias & Futuros de Sao Paulo (BOVESPA), will be analyzed.

The main objective of this thesis is to determine market value of the company Pivovary Staropramen, a.s. before the merger. Master's thesis is divided into two parts - methodological and practical. Methodological part includes individual steps a procedures, that are used to total value determination of the company. Practical part of the thesis consists especially of strategic and financial analysis, financial planning and company valuation. There is used the model DCF in variant FCFF to determine the market value. For the comparison there is used the book value method. At the end of the thesis there is performed a sensitivity analysis on value growth.

The objective of the thesis is a valuation of the Zentiva N.V. The valuation was worked out using the following methods: (1) the DCF entity method with application of the FCFF, (2) a financial analysis of this company, (3) the SWOT analysis, (4) a market analysis, and (5) the projected financial statements for 2009 - 2012. The assessed financial value of the company was calculated to be CZK43,566,947,000 on the date of 1.12.2008.

Company valuation is entering a new era; with increasing demands, more awareness and internal resistance. As the companies who request the valuation, together with third parties, begin to show more interest in the value statements - the analyst must be able to validate his course of action with reliable reasoning based on substantiated data. In this thesis, two approaches to the Comparable Company Valuation method will be evaluated and analyzed with the use of a Case Study. Initially, the two approaches will be applied on a Target Company, Company X, which will result in two value estimations. In order to draw conclusions of how to derive a correct valuation and what approach that is to be preferred in the given scenario, similar valuations were performed on six additional companies, in the same manner as the Case Study, and compared with their respective real market value. The valuation is based on financial data and all companies used in the study are listed on Nasdaq Stockholm Stock Exchange. Findings – First and foremost, results showed that a Comparable Company Valuation is very dependent on its composed peer group. Results from the study indicated increasingly favorable outcomes, when the peer group was similar to the Target Company. The prime conclusions are that, with a perfectly composed peer group, in a mature industry, one of the approaches was to be preferred. However, in an immature industry, where the requirements of the companies used in the composed peer group have to be broadened, the latter approach indicated favorable outcome. Originality - This study is one of the first to compare two different approaches to the Comparable Company Valuation method and analyze in what scenarios one approach is to be preferred to the other. / Företagsvärdering går mot en ny era; med ökade krav, högre medvetenhet och internt motstånd hos värderingsfirmorna. Företag som begär en värdering samt tredjeparter visar allt mer intresse och förståelse för hur värderingen har gått till - vilket leder till att analytikern måste redogöra för sitt tillvägagångssätt med korrekta resonemang baserade på pålitlig data. I denna uppsats analyserar och utvärderar vi två olika approacher till Comparable Company Valuation med hjälp av en fallstudie. Inledningsvis kommer de två approacherna utföras på Målföretaget, Företag X, vilket leder till två olika värderingar. Vidare, för att kunna dra slutsatser kring vilken approach som bör användas vid vilket tillfälle, gjordes liknande värderingar på ytterligare sex företag, på samma sätt som fallstudien, dessa värderingar jämfördes med marknadsvärdet för respektive företag. Samtliga värderingar baseras på finansiell data och alla företag som är med i studien är listade på Nasdaq Stockholm Stock Exchange. Resultat – Först och främst visade resultaten att Comparable Company Valuation är väldigt beroende av hur sammansättningen av jämförelseföretag har gått till. Resultat indikerade vidare att värderingen gav bättre, det vill säga mer precist, resultat – om jämförelseföretagen var lika Målföretaget. De viktigaste slutsatserna som drogs var att, när en värdering görs med en perfekt grupp jämförelseföretag, i en mogen industri, var den ena approachen att föredra. Vidare, på en nyare marknad, där kraven för jämförelseföretagen måste sänkas – gav den andra approachen en mer precis värdering. Originalitet – Denna studie är en av de första som jämför två olika approacher till Comparable Company Valuation samt analyserar när vilken av dessa bör användas för att få en så bra värdering som möjligt.

The difference in valuation between private and public firms have been studied several times on the U.S. and European markets. However, we believe that the lack of studies made on the Swedish market opened a possibility for an exciting opportunity. The general conclusion drawn from the earlier studies is that there in fact does exist a discount on private companies compared to similar publicly traded ones and this study is going to examine whether this also applies on the Swedish market. After collecting data from acquisitions of private and public firms, each private firm is paired up with its closest public counterpart and the multiples are being compared. This resulted in a mean discount for private companies of 48%, 32% and 32% when comparing the EV/EBITDA, EV/Sales, and EV/Earnings multiples respectively confirming the existence of a Private Company Discount on the Swedish market.

Kiekvienos įmonės savininkas yra suinteresuotas kuo didesniu savo turto augimu, o jei įmonės vadovas yra ne savininkas, o samdytas direktorius profesionalas, tuomet savininkui natūraliai kyla klausimas, ar jis pakankamai gerai valdo įmonę ir maksimaliai didina jos vertę. Tam, kad nustatyti, kurie yra geresni įmonių vadovai (vadovai-savininkai ar vadovai-profesionalai), buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas: įvertinti ir nustatyti atstovavimo problemos įtaką įmonių finansiniams rodikliams, labiausiai didinantiems įmonės vertę. I dalyje apžvelgiami teoriniai atstovavimo problemos ir įmonių vertės nustatymo aspektai, II dalyje sudaroma tyrimo metodologija, III dalyje atliekamas tyrimas, nustatantis koks vadovų tipas (vadovai-savininkai ar vadovai-profesionalai) sugeba apsiekti geresnius įmonės vertės didinimo rezultatus. Tyrimo metu nustatyta 1) kokie įmonių finansiniai rodikliai geriausiai koreliuoja su įmonės vertės didėjimu, išreikštu per EBIT/CE santykį 2) kad tiek vadovas-savininkai, tiek vadovai-profesionalai vienodai pasiekia įmonės vertę didinančius rodiklius. / The owner of every company is interested is his company wealth maximization, however, if company’s manager is not owner, but hired professional manager, one may question the quality of management and achievement of aim of increasing company’s wealth. In order to determine, which kind of management (directors-owner or directors-professionals) can achieve better results, a following research was done, which aim was: evaluate and determine agency problem’s impact on companies’ financial indexes that drives company’s value the most. In the Ist part of this research we look at the theoretical aspects of agency problem and company value creation, in the IInd part research methodology is done, in the IIIrd part a research is done, that determines which type of managers (manager-owner or manager-professional) manages to drive company’s value more. During research it was determined: 1) which financial indexes correlate better with company value, which is determined as EBIT/CE ratio 2) that manager-owner, as well as manager-professional, both equally are capable of driving company’s value.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to estimate the value of the water supply company Vodovody a kanalizace Beroun a.s. on the date 30. 4. 2011 by using the yield method of DCF. The value is assessed for a potential investor in order of purchase. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part defining the basic theoretical background of valuation and a practical part, which primarily consists of a strategic analysis, a financial analysis and a financial plan.