The injured party and his/her protection in criminal proceedings The presented thesis deals with the protection of an injured party in criminal proceedings as a whole, in particular with regard to his/her position as a party in the criminal proceedings, and to his/her procedural rights in accordance with the Rules of Criminal Procedure. The aim of this thesis is complex analysis of the position of an injured party in the Czech legal order with focus on differentiation of the concept an injured party (as the party of criminal process) and the concept a victim of an offence, as a person whose rights were violated in certain manner. The thesis is composed of five main chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of the injured party involvement in criminal procedure. The first chapter contains thorough analysis of the concept an injured party, as is defined in the provision of Section 43 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure. At the same time, there is incorporated the analysis of limitation or exclusion of participation of an injured in criminal proceedings. Thereafter, the conclusion of this chapter is dedicated to the mentioned differentiation of the concepts an injured and a victim, in particular in the light of the new law on victims of crime. In the second chapter the author addresses...

Floods in The Czech Republic more often damage private property. Majority of such damages is caused by water stream itself. There are also situations, where damages are caused in case of dereliction, infringement or violation of statutory duty. The Czech legislature defines legal instrument - Compensation for Damage. This work examines how this instrument is used in cases of flood damages, where someone is guilty. We examine legal (court) processes for Compensation for Damage by an application of IAD Framework and Stakeholder Analysis. Results are as follows. The examined legal instrument is seldom used. In the conclusion there are discussed possible grounds of these research results and steps/provision for more frequent application of Compensation for Damage in consequence of floods.

Compensation for non-material damage in the event of injury and death in collateral proceedings Abstract The thesis deals with a very current topic of compensation for non-material damage in the event of injury and death in collateral proceedings. The thesis also contains chapters, that focus on an injured person and collateral proceedings, which are concepts directly connected to the main topic of the thesis. The thesis contains the definition of an injured person, rights and obligations of the injured person in the criminal proceedings and also the definition of collateral proceedings and its process. In particular, the thesis focuses on the compensation of non-material damage in the event of injury and death according to § 2958 and 2959 of the Civil code. The thesis also describes the current judicial decisions of criminal courts in the area of compensation for non-material damage in the event of injury and death in collateral proceedings. The thesis is composed of four parts. The first part of the thesis deals with the injured person. It contains the concept of an injured person and its legal definition. The rights and obligations of the injured party in criminal proceedings are also briefly described in this part. The second part of the thesis focuses on collateral proceedings. This part contains the...

L’indemnisation du patient victime de soins repose d’une part sur le choix de la procédure adéquate et d’autre part sur la recherche de l’origine du dommage. L’expertise apportera les éléments nécessaires à la compréhension de la survenance du dommage. La faute peut revêtir plusieurs contours, mais celle-ci n’est pas exclusive de la possibilité d’indemnisation. Le législateur apporte une facilitation de l’action en indemnisation, par la mise en place de nouvelles instances. Une alternative est ainsi proposée sans pour autant se substituer aux juridictions. Des critères de recevabilité pour l’entrée dans le nouveau dispositif sont prévus, ainsi qu’une possible prise en charge par la solidarité nationale en cas d’accident médical non fautif ou infections nosocomiales graves. Par ailleurs certains dommages comme ceux qui sont liés à des contaminations transfusionnelles, vaccinations obligatoires ou d’autres encore prévus par le législateur seront pris en charge sans conditions de gravité. Il s’agit d’un dispositif évolutif en écoute avec les attentes d’une société. Au terme de plus de dix ans d’application de la loi du 4 Mars 2002, il convient de dresser un bilan certes perfectible, mais largement positif. / Compensation for victims of patient care depends partly on the choice of the proper procedure and secondly on finding the cause of the damage. The expertise will provide the necessary components for the understanding of the occurrence of the damage. The fault may take differents shapes, but this does not exclude the possibility of compensation. The legislator helps the compensation of the damages by establishing new faculties. An alternative is offered without replacing the courts. The eligibility criteria for entry into the new device are provided, as well as possible support by national solidarity in the event of a grave non-fault accident or a nosocomial infection. In addition, some damage as those by transfusion-related infections, mandatory vaccinations or others defined by the legislator are supported regarless of the gravity. It is an evolutionary device which listens to the expections of the society. After more than ten years of enforcement of the law of 4 March 2002, its balance sheet is largely positive.

Basically, state compensation liability can be sorted to: One is caused by the public servant who exercises public power while executing duties(namely human liability) and the other is caused by deficient installation or management of public-owned and public facilities (namely liability of an object). They are two pivots related to compensation liability of the existing State Compensation Law. Although cases of Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau are increasing year by year during the enforcement of State Compensation Law for more than twenty years, all of them are from lawless liability of public servants and deficient liability of public-owned and public facilities. The research is mainly to analyze and discuss cases of state compensation of Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau and targets are police officers of Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau as the priority. Concerning general public servants of other organizations and ¡§public servants having duties of judgment and prosecution,¡¨ they belong to special regulation of State Compensation Law, so they are not within the scope of the research. To pursue accuracy and precision, the research analyzed cases of state compensation of Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau during recent five years (2001 to 2005) to discuss whether there is room for improvement among five structures of our legal system of state compensation liability, including principles of legislation, organizational structure, authority design and application, relief & aftercare, and supervision & evaluation, and then provide Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau with concrete ways and suggestions in handling cases of state compensation in the future.

Since the reform and opening up in mainland China from 1978, there is quite a dazzling performance in international trade, it has replaced Japan as the world's third largest trading nation in 2004. She has continued to maintain our largest export market and largest source of trade surplus position. Thus, there is a new term called¡yChiwan¡z, that is, China plus Taiwan ,which Will form a new emerging economies of Asia. Contracts of international sale of goods transaction as a starting point and core. People who contracting a contract with the contracting parties intend to make the realization of their own interests. Whereas a party breaches of contract may make the other party's interests had not been achieved . Compensation for breach of contract is the most common and important method of bearing civil liability now, while damages can be considered as the most important one among those forms of compensation. As a bridge between jurisprudence and practice of compensation for breach of contract, the scope of compensation could be regarded as the core of compensation for breach of contract to certain extent.

Esta dissertação expõe o processo de estruturação das políticas ambientais na Amazônia, até o contexto da concepção da gestão do Proambiente, inserido na questão do pagamento dos serviços ambientais. É também demonstrado como o modelo de ocupação da Amazônia, induzido pelo Estado Brasileiro, dificultando a estruturação de um processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento equilibrado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os fatores que contribuem para a falta de efetividade na aplicação das políticas públicas ambientais para a Amazônia e como estas questões influenciaram na consecução das metas do Proambiente. Para representar o caso de estudo, se analisa a concepção e aplicação dessa política pública e sua relação com o desenvolvimento rural, no que tange à questão dos serviços ambientais, da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental da vicinal 07, pólo do Proambiente no Apiaú, Estado de Roraima. Neste sentido, a metodologia utilizada é de uma pesquisa descritiva combinada com pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, com estudo de caso específico, em que se utilizou o método quantitativo e analítico. Como técnica de pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo elaborado e aplicado questionário socioeconômico ao universo de 16 pequenos proprietários rurais sob a área de influência do Proambiente, na vicinal 07. A consolidação destes dados, mediante o uso da estatística descritiva, permitiu revelar que a renda média das pequenas propriedades pode melhorar mediante políticas de inserção aos mercados da produção de frutas abundantes na região. Outro aspecto verificado foi o desenvolvimento da consciência ambiental pelo Proambiente. No entanto, verificou-se que o limite desta consciência está nos incentivos econômicos, dados para a oferta dos serviços ambientais. Identificou-se a falta de sintonia entre os órgãos gestores do Proambiente para o avanço do Programa na Amazônia Legal e especificamente no Apiaú. O baixo nível de empoderamento enfraquece o Programa quando não há a fiscalização necessária, sobretudo, na liberação e aplicação dos recursos que devem atender o calendário produtivo. Pode-se dizer que a não aprovação do Projeto de Lei que trata da remuneração dos serviços ambientais coloca em cheque o avanço do Proambiente. No entanto, os organismos governamentais e não governamentais podem criar alternativas de incentivos econômicos para tornar viável a produção agropecuária na Amazônia, sem a derrubada de nenhum hectare de floresta. / This thesis describes the process of structuring of environmental policies in the Amazon, to the context of design management of Proambiente, inserted in the issue of payment for environmental services. It is also demonstrated how the model of occupation of the Amazon, led by the Brazilian State, making it difficult to structure a process of growth and balanced development. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the factors that contribute to the lack of effectiveness in implementing environmental public policies for the Amazon and how these issues influenced the achievement of the goals of Proambiente. To represent the case study, it analyzes the design and implementation of this public policy and its relation to rural development, with regard to the issue of environmental services, social structure, economic and environmental performance of the vicinal 07, the pole of the Proambiente in Apiaú, State of Roraima. In this sense, the methodology used is a descriptive research combined with a bibliographic and field research, with specific case study, which used the analytical and quantitative method. As technical research, semi structured interviews were conducted, and was elaborated and applied socioeconomic questionnaire to the universe of 16 small landowners in the area of influence of the Proambiente, in vicinal 07. The consolidation of these data through the use of descriptive statistics, helped reveal that the average income of small properties can be improved through policies of integration to the markets of the production fo abundant fruits in the region. Another aspect found was the development of environmental awareness by Proambiente. However, it was found that the threshold of this consciousness is in the economic incentives given to the provision of environmental services. The lack of harmony was detected between the organs of Proambiente managers to advance of the program in the Amazon and specifically in Apiaú. The low level of empowerment weakens the program when there is no monitoring necessary, particularly in the release and application of resources that should meet the production schedule. It can say that the no adoption of a Project of Law which deals with the remuneration of environmental services put in check the advance of Proambiente. However, government agencies and ONGs can create economic incentives for alternatives to become viable the agricultural production in the Amazon, without the overthrow of any hectare of forest.

This diploma thesis is dealing with issues of employer's liability for industrial injuries and occupational diseases and from that consequent obligation to compensate damage or non- material damage, through individual types of compensation. The first part provides a brief excursion into the development of the legislation on industrial injuries and occupational diseases and deals with the question of mandatory statutory insurance of the employer, implemented through two private insurance companies. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with the circumstances, which lead to emergence of employer liability for industrial injury. Substantial space is dedicated to situations where it may not be obvious at first sight that an industrial injury may occur. The industrial injuries resulting from teambuilding, business trip and injury originating from myocardial infarction are discussed in more detail. Further, here are defined the facts leading to the partial or total deprivation of liability by the employer. These facts are recklessness, own fault violation of regulations or instructions and drunkenness or misuse of addictive substances. The third part concerns with conditions under which the employer is liable for occupational diseases. The fourth part deals with individual types of compensation to...

Esta dissertação expõe o processo de estruturação das políticas ambientais na Amazônia, até o contexto da concepção da gestão do Proambiente, inserido na questão do pagamento dos serviços ambientais. É também demonstrado como o modelo de ocupação da Amazônia, induzido pelo Estado Brasileiro, dificultando a estruturação de um processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento equilibrado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os fatores que contribuem para a falta de efetividade na aplicação das políticas públicas ambientais para a Amazônia e como estas questões influenciaram na consecução das metas do Proambiente. Para representar o caso de estudo, se analisa a concepção e aplicação dessa política pública e sua relação com o desenvolvimento rural, no que tange à questão dos serviços ambientais, da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental da vicinal 07, pólo do Proambiente no Apiaú, Estado de Roraima. Neste sentido, a metodologia utilizada é de uma pesquisa descritiva combinada com pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, com estudo de caso específico, em que se utilizou o método quantitativo e analítico. Como técnica de pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo elaborado e aplicado questionário socioeconômico ao universo de 16 pequenos proprietários rurais sob a área de influência do Proambiente, na vicinal 07. A consolidação destes dados, mediante o uso da estatística descritiva, permitiu revelar que a renda média das pequenas propriedades pode melhorar mediante políticas de inserção aos mercados da produção de frutas abundantes na região. Outro aspecto verificado foi o desenvolvimento da consciência ambiental pelo Proambiente. No entanto, verificou-se que o limite desta consciência está nos incentivos econômicos, dados para a oferta dos serviços ambientais. Identificou-se a falta de sintonia entre os órgãos gestores do Proambiente para o avanço do Programa na Amazônia Legal e especificamente no Apiaú. O baixo nível de empoderamento enfraquece o Programa quando não há a fiscalização necessária, sobretudo, na liberação e aplicação dos recursos que devem atender o calendário produtivo. Pode-se dizer que a não aprovação do Projeto de Lei que trata da remuneração dos serviços ambientais coloca em cheque o avanço do Proambiente. No entanto, os organismos governamentais e não governamentais podem criar alternativas de incentivos econômicos para tornar viável a produção agropecuária na Amazônia, sem a derrubada de nenhum hectare de floresta. / This thesis describes the process of structuring of environmental policies in the Amazon, to the context of design management of Proambiente, inserted in the issue of payment for environmental services. It is also demonstrated how the model of occupation of the Amazon, led by the Brazilian State, making it difficult to structure a process of growth and balanced development. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the factors that contribute to the lack of effectiveness in implementing environmental public policies for the Amazon and how these issues influenced the achievement of the goals of Proambiente. To represent the case study, it analyzes the design and implementation of this public policy and its relation to rural development, with regard to the issue of environmental services, social structure, economic and environmental performance of the vicinal 07, the pole of the Proambiente in Apiaú, State of Roraima. In this sense, the methodology used is a descriptive research combined with a bibliographic and field research, with specific case study, which used the analytical and quantitative method. As technical research, semi structured interviews were conducted, and was elaborated and applied socioeconomic questionnaire to the universe of 16 small landowners in the area of influence of the Proambiente, in vicinal 07. The consolidation of these data through the use of descriptive statistics, helped reveal that the average income of small properties can be improved through policies of integration to the markets of the production fo abundant fruits in the region. Another aspect found was the development of environmental awareness by Proambiente. However, it was found that the threshold of this consciousness is in the economic incentives given to the provision of environmental services. The lack of harmony was detected between the organs of Proambiente managers to advance of the program in the Amazon and specifically in Apiaú. The low level of empowerment weakens the program when there is no monitoring necessary, particularly in the release and application of resources that should meet the production schedule. It can say that the no adoption of a Project of Law which deals with the remuneration of environmental services put in check the advance of Proambiente. However, government agencies and ONGs can create economic incentives for alternatives to become viable the agricultural production in the Amazon, without the overthrow of any hectare of forest.

Esta dissertação expõe o processo de estruturação das políticas ambientais na Amazônia, até o contexto da concepção da gestão do Proambiente, inserido na questão do pagamento dos serviços ambientais. É também demonstrado como o modelo de ocupação da Amazônia, induzido pelo Estado Brasileiro, dificultando a estruturação de um processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento equilibrado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os fatores que contribuem para a falta de efetividade na aplicação das políticas públicas ambientais para a Amazônia e como estas questões influenciaram na consecução das metas do Proambiente. Para representar o caso de estudo, se analisa a concepção e aplicação dessa política pública e sua relação com o desenvolvimento rural, no que tange à questão dos serviços ambientais, da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental da vicinal 07, pólo do Proambiente no Apiaú, Estado de Roraima. Neste sentido, a metodologia utilizada é de uma pesquisa descritiva combinada com pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, com estudo de caso específico, em que se utilizou o método quantitativo e analítico. Como técnica de pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo elaborado e aplicado questionário socioeconômico ao universo de 16 pequenos proprietários rurais sob a área de influência do Proambiente, na vicinal 07. A consolidação destes dados, mediante o uso da estatística descritiva, permitiu revelar que a renda média das pequenas propriedades pode melhorar mediante políticas de inserção aos mercados da produção de frutas abundantes na região. Outro aspecto verificado foi o desenvolvimento da consciência ambiental pelo Proambiente. No entanto, verificou-se que o limite desta consciência está nos incentivos econômicos, dados para a oferta dos serviços ambientais. Identificou-se a falta de sintonia entre os órgãos gestores do Proambiente para o avanço do Programa na Amazônia Legal e especificamente no Apiaú. O baixo nível de empoderamento enfraquece o Programa quando não há a fiscalização necessária, sobretudo, na liberação e aplicação dos recursos que devem atender o calendário produtivo. Pode-se dizer que a não aprovação do Projeto de Lei que trata da remuneração dos serviços ambientais coloca em cheque o avanço do Proambiente. No entanto, os organismos governamentais e não governamentais podem criar alternativas de incentivos econômicos para tornar viável a produção agropecuária na Amazônia, sem a derrubada de nenhum hectare de floresta. / This thesis describes the process of structuring of environmental policies in the Amazon, to the context of design management of Proambiente, inserted in the issue of payment for environmental services. It is also demonstrated how the model of occupation of the Amazon, led by the Brazilian State, making it difficult to structure a process of growth and balanced development. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the factors that contribute to the lack of effectiveness in implementing environmental public policies for the Amazon and how these issues influenced the achievement of the goals of Proambiente. To represent the case study, it analyzes the design and implementation of this public policy and its relation to rural development, with regard to the issue of environmental services, social structure, economic and environmental performance of the vicinal 07, the pole of the Proambiente in Apiaú, State of Roraima. In this sense, the methodology used is a descriptive research combined with a bibliographic and field research, with specific case study, which used the analytical and quantitative method. As technical research, semi structured interviews were conducted, and was elaborated and applied socioeconomic questionnaire to the universe of 16 small landowners in the area of influence of the Proambiente, in vicinal 07. The consolidation of these data through the use of descriptive statistics, helped reveal that the average income of small properties can be improved through policies of integration to the markets of the production fo abundant fruits in the region. Another aspect found was the development of environmental awareness by Proambiente. However, it was found that the threshold of this consciousness is in the economic incentives given to the provision of environmental services. The lack of harmony was detected between the organs of Proambiente managers to advance of the program in the Amazon and specifically in Apiaú. The low level of empowerment weakens the program when there is no monitoring necessary, particularly in the release and application of resources that should meet the production schedule. It can say that the no adoption of a Project of Law which deals with the remuneration of environmental services put in check the advance of Proambiente. However, government agencies and ONGs can create economic incentives for alternatives to become viable the agricultural production in the Amazon, without the overthrow of any hectare of forest.