Dissertation (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 17, 2009). Directed by Heidi Carlone; submitted to the School of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-208).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia dos Santos Brito.pdf: 1000721 bytes, checksum: b2409a81caea0b5901db8e2d23ec5d47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Most low income families assign to the school system the solutions to their social problems, seeing in the school apparatus the only chance for social climb. However, it is worth asking: what is the role of low-income families s children within the public shcool? After all, when they are inserted into the educational system, mostly they show great difficulty to move along, thus creating a major problem for the school, since children who can not suceed in the first years of elementary school end up dragging this failure throughout their school life. For these children, educational assistance programs were created. But in what extent do they help and where they end up stigmatizing students who participate in those initiatives? In attempting to answer this questions, this study make the analysis of some educational assistance programs who proposed changes in the educational reality, offering more opportunities of progress for low-income children. The research is willing to establish whether they actually complied with its purpose or ultimately stigmatize students who participate in these projects. / A maior parte das famílias de baixa renda atribui à escola a solução para os seus problemas sociais, vendo no aparelho escolar a única chance de ascensão social. Contudo, cabe aqui perguntar: Qual é o espaço das crianças pobres dentro da escola publica? Afinal, quando inseridas dentro do sistema educacional, em sua maioria demonstram grande dificuldade para avançar, criando assim um grande problema para instituição escolar, uma vez que crianças que não conseguem obter sucesso nos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental acabam arrastando esse fracasso ao longo de toda sua vida escolar. Para essas crianças, foram criados os programas de auxilio pedagógico. Mas até que ponto eles ajudam e onde acabam por estigmatizar os alunos que deles participam? Na tentativa de responder essa pergunta, este trabalho buscou fazer a análise de alguns projetos de auxilio pedagógico que propuseram a mudança da realidade educacional, dando mais oportunidades de avanços às crianças de baixa renda. A pesquisa procura saber se eles realmente cumpriram com a sua finalidade ou acabaram por estigmatizar os alunos que participaram destes projetos de auxilio pedagógico.

A number of tertiary institutions offer bridging courses and intervention programmes in order to increase the number of students performing well in first year mathematics. At the university of Namibia, the science faculty provides educational opportunities to students who have not met the requirements to proceed with MAT 3511 (Basic Math). Unfortunately, the majority of students are not able to cope with the first year modules in Mathematics and the pass rates are unacceptably low. In the interest of supporting students, the University was prompted to introduce a two mode intervention programme in first year mathematics, namely: the normal mode and the alternative mode intervention. The alternative mode intervention was designed to improve the mathematics achievement of first year students who are considered low achieving or at risk of failure. This programme involves the identification of the lowest attainers in first year mathematics, and the provision of professional and faculty trained tutors and individualized teaching to these students in order to advance them to a level at which they are likely to learn successfully in a normal mode system. This research explores the experience and perceptions of first year students on the alternative mode, in particular as it relates to mathematical strands of proficiency. A second step was to explore how teaching contributes to the learning of mathematics on the intervention programme. The empirical investigation was done in 4 phases. A questionnaire on mathematics teaching and learning was given to the students during the first phase. During the second phase, two focus group discussions were conducted. Thereafter four interviews were carried out with lecturers, and finally tutorial and lecture observation were conducted. An analysis of these findings led to the identification of the students’ experiences on the alternative mode. Analysis of the results indicate that the students identified mathematical proficiency as the central element to their learning, and pedagogical knowledge and exploratory talk were critical aspects of good teaching in the mathematical intervention programme.

Bibliography: p. 104-111. / This study focuses on the Langa Enrichment Programme an educational support programme for black students studying under the Department of Education and Training in the Cape Peninsula. The study aimed to determine students' reasons for attending the programme, their perceptions of its strengths and weaknesses and their recommendations for improvements. Student expectations of the programme and reasons for the high dropout rate especially amongst Standard Nine and female students were explored. To contextualise the study and to give further insights into student views a brief summary of the apartheid education crisis is given. Educational support programmes are reviewed as is liberalism's response to the crisis in education and the history and culture of the South African Institute of Race Relations. The methodology used was two-fold: self-administered questionnaires to 126 Standard 10 Mathematics students and a series of focus group interviews with small groups of students. The findings may be summed up as follows. Students were generally positive towards the teachers, teaching methods and administration of the programme. They requested that teachers should teach and complete the syllabus, emphasizing exam questions, revision and scientific experiments, and explore alternative small group teaching with critical discussions. Students also requested a comprehensive career guidance programme, bursary information and increased financial assistance. Students expressed a reluctance to pay fees and this, coupled with increasing requests for financial and educational supp01t, raises the issue of welfarism on the programme. Reasons for the high dropout rate amongst Standard Nines included that they write an internal examination. Social pressures from boyfriends and peer groups and regarding clothes were given as reasons for female students dropping out of the programme. The students appear to determine the direction of the school in that as a result of their demands the programme has changed from an enrichment programme to a compensatory one. Recommendations in the concluding chapter of this study are that the Enrichment Programme should draw up clearer policy guidelines in conjunction with staff and students; liaison with DET secondary schools, tertiary institutions and other enrichment programmes should be improved; career guidance programmes linked to bursary information should be implemented; bursaries and other incentives should be linked to attendance and academic performance on the programme; a full time co-ordinator should be employed.

This investigation had the dual purpose of exploring, in historical perspectives, the academic discipline known as Early Childhood Education and the use of Early Childhood Education as a vehicle for compensatory education in the Portland Public Schools from 1965-1984.

Studies to date of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act have not yielded definitive evidence of increased student achievement or of the effects of instructional resource allocations on student reading achievement. This evidence has been obscured by methodological flaws, instrumentation problems, a continued focus on national rather than local-level evaluation, and the investigation of resource variables over which the local schools have little or no control. The degree of Title I impact on the student it is designed to serve is determined by decisions made at the local school and classroom levels. Previous investigations have found that most of the variation in student achievement lies within rather than between the local schools. For these reasons, this study identifies locally controlled and easily changed types of instructional resource allocations which are expected to influence the achievement of students in Title I instructional groups within the schools. Each resource allocation is defined by several variables which jointly represent the several aspects of each resource. The relationships between the levels of allocation of these resources and the levels of student achievement in Title I classes are investigated using a hierarchical multiple regression model. The effects of three sets of resource variables on the reading achievement of 4,332 second, third, and fourth-graders in fifteen Virginia public school systems are investigated by determining the incremental amounts of achievement variance which each type of resource allocation contributes to the total explained variance using classrooms as the unit of analysis. The results indicate that variations in the amounts of instructional time, the proportion of total teacher time spent in instruction, and the student-to-teacher ratio are not associated with significant achievement increments. In addition, the degree of administrative support of Title I instruction and the activities of parent advisory councils do not explain significant amounts of achievement. However, there is some evidence that the use of instructional aides in the classroom is related to increases in achievement. The findings of this study indicate that the effects of Title I instructional resource allocations may exist primarily within classrooms rather than between classrooms. Interactions between individual student characteristics and the ways in which instructional resources are allocated by the teacher in the classroom are suggested as a possible source of Title I effects. / Ph. D.

<p>Syftet med studien är att undersöka, beskriva och problematisera Reading Recovery samt att ta reda på varför två nyzeeländska skolor har valt att behålla respektive sluta med programmet. Undersökningen baseras på fyra kvalitativa intervjuer samt en kvalitativ observation, vilka skedde på två skolor där den ena slutade med Reading Recovery för några år sedan och där den andra skolan fortfarande använder programmet. Undersökningen syftar inte till att jämföra de båda skolornas språkundervisning, utan till att ge en bild av hur det kan fungera på en nyzeeländsk skola. Intervjuerna ägde rum på Nya Zeeland och de intervjuade hade olika anknytning till Reading Recovery. I uppsatsens bakgrundsdel beskrivs den tidigare forskningen om uppsatsens tre grundteman, det nyzeeländska skolsystemet, språkpedagogik samt stödundervisning. I resultatet sammanfattas de intervjuades svar kring de tre huvudteman samt dess underteman. De intervjuade som arbetar på skolan som har Reading Recovery berättar här hur klassrumsundervisningen ser ut hos dem och Reading Recovery-läraren ger sin bild av yrket. Två av de som intervjuas arbetar som SENCO, vilket betyder att de koordinerar och ansvarar för de två skolornas specialpedagogiska insatser. De två personerna berättar om sina och deras skolors syn på programmet. Genom undersökningen framkommer att kostnaden för den 1:1-undervisning som sker i Reading Recovery är ett starkt själ för skolor att inte använda programmet.</p> / <p>The purpose of this essay is to explore, describe and problematize the Reading Recovery Programme and to find out why two New Zealand schools have chosen to keep or discontinue the program. The study is based upon four qualitative interviews as well as a qualitative observation, which took place in two schools. One of the schools stopped using Reading Recovery a couple of years ago, on the other school the program is still in progress. The aim of the study isn’t to compare the both school’s literacy programs, but to picture how these programs may work. The interviews took place on New Zeeland and the respondents were, or had been, in one way or another involved in the Reading recovery program. Earlier studies are presented in the theory chapter of this essay and contains; the New Zeeland school system, literacy education and special needs education. These three subjects is forming the main themes for this essay. The respondent’s answers regarding these themes and sub themes are summarized in the results part. The respondents at the school with a currently active Reading Recovery program tells us about how the classroom education works, and the Reading Recovery teacher gives us her point of view about the profession. Two of the respondents work’s as Special Education Needs Coordinators (SENCO), which means, they coordinate and are responsible of the two schools special needs education efforts. These SENCO´s gives us theirs and their schools views on the program. Thru the study it is imminent that the cost of the 1:1 education used in the Reading Recovery program is a strong reason for schools not using the program.</p>

During the summer of 1968, the Vice President for Student Affairs at Ball State University, established the Office of Special Programs. Personnel of the Office were charged with the responsibility for developing and providing special services for students with low academic records so that collegiate success and persistence might be enhanced. The Director of Special Programs was directly charged with the responsibility for providing academic counseling, advice relative to course selections, and for marshalling existing university academic and ancillary support systems as necessary to improve college persistence behaviors among students classified for "Admission with Warning."Personnel of the Office of Special Programs developed and implemented a program designed to provide special academic and supportive services to "Admission with Warning" students. The Directed Admission Student Experimental Program was implemented in the fall of 1968. The program included a remedial reading course, a remedial writing course designed specifically for students identified for the DASEP experience. Personal counseling and special Curricular Advising services were provided to all DASEP students. Over the period from 1968-1972 a total of 274 students were selected to be participants in the DASEP group, and a total of 273 students were identified for inclusion in a control group.The purpose of this study was to determine whether students admitted to the Ball State University Directed Admission Student Experimental Program (DASEP) during the period from 1968 to 1972, persisted to program completion more frequently than did similar students in an identical non-DASEP control group. If the null hypothesis relating to the major purpose was not accepted, differences among DASEP persisters and non-persisters would be investigated.A second purpose of the study was to collect and analyze evaluative perceptions from participants of the Directed Admission Student. Experimental Program relative to the special services provided.The research was planned to test the null hypothesis relating to persistence in the DASEP program and to secure evaluative perceptions about the services from 274 DASEP students.The investigator collected data on persistence in the DASEP program from 265 DASEP and 255 control group students. Data were statistically treated by means of the chi square statistic. The .05 level was used for hypothesis acceptance or non-acceptance. In order to secure evaluative perceptions about services provided participants in the DASEP program, a Likert type instrument was developed and sent to 250 participants in the DASEP program. Review of the data led to the following conclusions:There was no statistically significant difference found between the DASEP group and control group students in persistence to the completion of their individual educational program.Less than one-half of the DASEP students perceived the services provided by the Reading Clinic to be helpful.Slightly more than one-half perceived the services of the Writing Clinic to be helpful.Depending upon the service, about one-half of the students perceived the special Curricular Advising services to be helpful.About one-third perceived the subjects taught in the seminar class to be helpful.Slightly less than one-half of the DASEP students perceived counseling, provided by the staff of Special Programs to be helpful.In a summary question, 94 percent of the DASEP students perceived the DASEP program had been beneficial to them.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka, beskriva och problematisera Reading Recovery samt att ta reda på varför två nyzeeländska skolor har valt att behålla respektive sluta med programmet. Undersökningen baseras på fyra kvalitativa intervjuer samt en kvalitativ observation, vilka skedde på två skolor där den ena slutade med Reading Recovery för några år sedan och där den andra skolan fortfarande använder programmet. Undersökningen syftar inte till att jämföra de båda skolornas språkundervisning, utan till att ge en bild av hur det kan fungera på en nyzeeländsk skola. Intervjuerna ägde rum på Nya Zeeland och de intervjuade hade olika anknytning till Reading Recovery. I uppsatsens bakgrundsdel beskrivs den tidigare forskningen om uppsatsens tre grundteman, det nyzeeländska skolsystemet, språkpedagogik samt stödundervisning. I resultatet sammanfattas de intervjuades svar kring de tre huvudteman samt dess underteman. De intervjuade som arbetar på skolan som har Reading Recovery berättar här hur klassrumsundervisningen ser ut hos dem och Reading Recovery-läraren ger sin bild av yrket. Två av de som intervjuas arbetar som SENCO, vilket betyder att de koordinerar och ansvarar för de två skolornas specialpedagogiska insatser. De två personerna berättar om sina och deras skolors syn på programmet. Genom undersökningen framkommer att kostnaden för den 1:1-undervisning som sker i Reading Recovery är ett starkt själ för skolor att inte använda programmet. / The purpose of this essay is to explore, describe and problematize the Reading Recovery Programme and to find out why two New Zealand schools have chosen to keep or discontinue the program. The study is based upon four qualitative interviews as well as a qualitative observation, which took place in two schools. One of the schools stopped using Reading Recovery a couple of years ago, on the other school the program is still in progress. The aim of the study isn’t to compare the both school’s literacy programs, but to picture how these programs may work. The interviews took place on New Zeeland and the respondents were, or had been, in one way or another involved in the Reading recovery program. Earlier studies are presented in the theory chapter of this essay and contains; the New Zeeland school system, literacy education and special needs education. These three subjects is forming the main themes for this essay. The respondent’s answers regarding these themes and sub themes are summarized in the results part. The respondents at the school with a currently active Reading Recovery program tells us about how the classroom education works, and the Reading Recovery teacher gives us her point of view about the profession. Two of the respondents work’s as Special Education Needs Coordinators (SENCO), which means, they coordinate and are responsible of the two schools special needs education efforts. These SENCO´s gives us theirs and their schools views on the program. Thru the study it is imminent that the cost of the 1:1 education used in the Reading Recovery program is a strong reason for schools not using the program.