Aus "Ausgangssituation und Herausforderungen": "Produktionsunternehmen und insbesondere die Automobilindustrie unterliegen einem permanent wachsenden Wettbewerbsdruck. Ursache hierfür sind anhaltende rasante gesellschaftliche, politische, gesetzliche und technologische Veränderungen in einem globalen Markt. Daraus resultieren steigende Anforderungen an die zu entwickelnden und herzustellenden Produkte sowie die hierfür geeigneten Technologien, Prozesse, Organisationen und Qualifikationen der Mitarbeiter. Die dafür notwendige Innovationskraft eines Unternehmens ist für den Erhalt und Ausbau der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit eine Grundvoraussetzung und spielt im globalen Markt eine entscheidende Rolle (Tri, 2003). Die „Digitale Transformation“ ist in diesem Kontext eine der ganz großen Herausforderungen, die die Produktionsunternehmen in den kommenden Jahren meistern müssen. ..."

A partly new train of thought has emerged during the last few years, which claims that national conditions are of importance for company strength in relation to international competitors. National competition has stood out as one of the most important explanatory factors, and is seen as the catalyst or motor in dynamic industrial environments. The demands and pressures that evolve from competition between geographically proximate companies stimulate the innovativeness within the industry. Thus, the question about why and how dynamics of competition develop and function has not been answered in existing research. The main purpose of this study is therefore to analyse the process of competition in industries with a high degree of geographical proximity between competitors, in order to improve the understanding of the character and dynamics of competition. A general review of literature dealing with competition at industry, strategic group, and organisation level was compiled. The review gave two dimensions by which four types of competition were possible to distinguish, degree of symmetry between competitores and degree of activity in competition. To obtain an understanding for the character and dynamics of competition, it is not enough to identify different types of competition. The process through which competition is formed over time also needs to be studied. Other theoretical approaches are therefore necessary. First, the companies' competitive actions should be understood from their experience and expectations of competition. Second, the specific competitive moves that are taken by individual companies are of importance for the competition. Third, competition has to be described as a process of interaction over time. A case-study approach has been used for the gathering of data. Case-studies have been conducted within three industries that differ from each other with regard to competition. Competition in the Frontloader industry has been driven by two companies equal in both size and relative strength. The competitors in the Lining industry are,on the other hand, dissimilar, both in respect to relative strength and to the orientation of their business. The third industry, that of Hoisters, is characterised by the domination by one company. Two major results have been reached in this study. First the concept climate of competition has been coined to analyse and describe the character of the four types of competition. The following four climates of competition emerge from the analysis; climate of rivalling competion, of co-existing competition, of evolutionary competition and climate of revolutionary competition. The climates of competition differ with regard to the functional and psychological distance between competitors, the possibility to survey competition, and the actors' acceptance of current rules-of-play and role distribution. The second result of the study is a greater understanding for the dynamics within competition. By analysing the character of and change in competition over time two partly different, but interwined forces, have been detected. Competition gives rise on the one hand to different kinds of learning processes, and on the other forces competitors to innovative and creative measures. / digitalisering@umu

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the external factors that influence an organizations' business intelligence (BI) data collection strategy when mediated by BI attributes. In this dissertation, data warehousing strategies are used as the basis on which to frame the exploration of BI data collection strategies. The attributes include BI insightfulness, BI consistency, and the organizational transformation attribute of BI. The research population consisted of IT professionals and top level managers involved in developing and managing BI. Data was collected from a range of industries and organizations within the United States. An online survey was used to collect the data to empirically test the proposed relationships. Data was analyzed using partial least square path modeling (PLS). The results of this study suggest that there exists a positive relationship between institutional isomorphism and BI consistency. The results also indicate that there exists a positive relationship between BI consistency and BI comprehensive data collection strategy, and the organizational transformation attribute of BI and BI comprehensive data collection strategy. These findings provide a theoretical lens to better understand the motivators and the success factors related to collecting the huge amounts of data required for BI. This study also provides managers with a mental model on which to base decisions about the data required to accomplish their goals for BI.

Cette thèse analyse les déterminants à partir desquels les pays et les régions adaptent leurs portefeuilles des exportations en présence d’une intensification conjointe des flux des échanges mondiaux et de la concurrence internationale. Dans le contexte inédit de la mondialisation actuelle, l’émergence de nouveaux compétiteurs et leur capacité à se repositionner sur des gammes sophistiquées de produits induit une restructuration du marché mondial, une intensification de la pression concurrentielle et une interdépendance croissante des uns les autres. Bien que les pays développés occupent une place éminente dans le commerce, ils sont défiés par ceux émergents. Ceci nous conduit à discuter le repositionnement des portefeuilles des exportations soumis aux nouveaux défis de la mondialisation. Le premier chapitre recense les discussions des années 1980 à nos jours en matière de compétitivité et de sources de performances à l’exportation des pays. Le deuxième chapitre étudie l’effet de la pression concurrentielle internationale sur la modification de la composition du portefeuille des exportations françaises. Le troisième chapitre étudie l’effet des réseaux de parenté entre les produits sur la diversification des exportations des entreprises françaises. Ces chapitres reflètent: une nécessité de transformation structurelle des pays et des régions en économies plus complexes (capables de s’insérer durablement sur la scène mondiale en renouvelant leurs avantages compétitifs); une nécessité de réallocation des ressources productives des pays et des régions afin qu’ils se positionnent sur l’échiquier mondial (le long des réseaux de production et des chaînes de valeur mondiales). / This thesis analyzes the determinants from which countries and regions adapt their exported product portfolios while facing a joint intensification of world trade flows and international competition. In the unprecedented context of current globalization, the emergence of new competitors and their ability to quickly reposition themselves on increasingly sophisticated ranges of products induces a reshape of the world market, an intensification of the competitive pressure and a growing interdependence of each other. Even though developed countries still occupy a prominent place in the international trade, they are henceforth challenged by the rise of emerging countries. This leads us to discuss strategies for repositioning export portfolios of countries and regions which are subject to the new globalization challenges. The first chapter refers to discussions from 1980 to nowadays in terms of competitiveness and sources of countries export performances. The second chapter studies the effect of international competitive pressure on the French export portfolio composition modification. The third chapter studies the effect of networks of relatedness between products on the French firms exports’ diversification. These three chapters emphasize: a need for structural transformation of countries and regions to become more complex economies, i.e. economies able to sustainably integrate the international market by renewing their competitive advantages; a need for productive resources reallocation of countries and regions to efficiently position themselves on the world chessboard, i.e. along production networks and global value chains.

Aus "Ausgangssituation und Herausforderungen": "Produktionsunternehmen und insbesondere die Automobilindustrie unterliegen einem permanent wachsenden Wettbewerbsdruck. Ursache hierfür sind anhaltende rasante gesellschaftliche, politische, gesetzliche und technologische Veränderungen in einem globalen Markt. Daraus resultieren steigende Anforderungen an die zu entwickelnden und herzustellenden Produkte sowie die hierfür geeigneten Technologien, Prozesse, Organisationen und Qualifikationen der Mitarbeiter. Die dafür notwendige Innovationskraft eines Unternehmens ist für den Erhalt und Ausbau der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit eine Grundvoraussetzung und spielt im globalen Markt eine entscheidende Rolle (Tri, 2003). Die „Digitale Transformation“ ist in diesem Kontext eine der ganz großen Herausforderungen, die die Produktionsunternehmen in den kommenden Jahren meistern müssen. ..."

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