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This research investigates the therapeutic relationship in the treatment process of complex trauma with children under the age of five. The researcher was the subject of the research, based on her experiences in a practicum placement that was focused on early intervention for young children. This research was an art-based inquiry, and the majority of data was gathered from the researcher’s engagement in the art making processes in response, reflection and observation of the therapeutic relationship. Three different perspectives of data where analyzed for themes in order to aid the researcher in the treatment of complex trauma in three domains. The first domain was to further the researcher’s understanding of her clients’ symptoms. The second was the analysis of the researcher’s life experience and its influence on the researcher’s responses to treatment methods and the clients’ symptoms, therefore making up an analysis of the therapeutic relationship. The third domain was the implications for treatment gained from the understanding of the clients’ symptoms and the therapeutic relationship through the analysis of art making processes. The findings illuminated the value of art-based research to better understand the therapeutic relationship and trauma art therapy treatment planning.

Social action - art therapy and complex trauma are relatively unknown and are not yet understood by the mental health field. This heuristic study seeks to explore the synergy between art making and social action as it applies to an adult survivor of childhood complex trauma. The researcher used 14 of 46 childhood complex trauma life stores as a stimulus for art making. The data was then analyzed to explicate meanings, patterns and connections. This analysis revealed that the art was used as evidence to counteract invisible systems of abuse. The art highlighted secondary traumas, contexts, and multiplicity effects of numerous traumas. These art works and new meanings culminated in a creative synthesis, which compelled the social action component. New and profound understanding of the researcher’s history of complex trauma was illuminated through the art. Social action respectfully empowered a transformation from trauma survivor to thriving activist. This study supports the use of art and social action with adult complex trauma survivors.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reinalda Melo da Matta.pdf: 2727327 bytes, checksum: fed10de0ad535e0fd838b8f2000ee230 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study sets out to present research on the effect of Sandplay Therapy (TS) on the treatment of children suffering from trauma caused by abuse, neglect and abandonment. The research was carried out on 60 children living in childcare facilities in four cities in the State of São Paulo, both boys and girls aged from six years and six months to ten years. All the children within this age bracket were tested with the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18). Those who presented clinical and/or borderline symptoms related to internalizing factors (anxiety, depression, withdrawn and somatic complaints) and/or externalizing factors such as breaking rules and aggressive behavior, as well as total problems, were selected for this survey. The participants were tested in three different moments: T0 (before any intervention), T1 (20 sessions/weeks after T0) and T2 (six months after T1), with the following instruments: WISC-III (2002), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (cubes and vocabulary sub-tests) and the AUQEI test (a questionnaire to evaluate life quality in children and adolescents). The children were organised into three groups: an experimental group (EG, which received the ST), a control group (CG, the waiting list) and a placebo group (PG, which received placebo therapy). New evaluations using the same instruments were carried out as follows: in the EG after 20 weekly sessions with TS (T1) and six months after T1 (T2); in the PG and CG after 20 weekly sessions/weeks (T1). There was no T2 in the PG and CG. Results of the intervention with ST showed that children in the EG presented statistically significant improvement as regards symptoms related to internalizing, externalizing factors and total problems. This change prevailed six months after the therapy was concluded. In the CG improvement in externalizing factors was obtained in the aggressive behavior scale in T1. However, the EG presented a higher average of improvement in relation to CG in this scale.We observed that research participants expressed their aggressiveness and explosive emotions through ST.It was also found that the therapeutic process revealed not only the psychopathological dynamics, but also the children s potentiality and capacities. Building scenarios led to greater adaptability to the difficult circumstances faced by the participants. Miniatures, with their symbolic potential, and playing with sand facilitated connecting and integrating with unconscious aspects that were repressed and defensive as a result of traumatic experiences. Symbolic playing in a free and protected space favored creativity and imagination, as well as the expression of traumatic narratives. Results from T1 and T2 showed significantly reduced clinical symptoms and pathological forms of behavior / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da Terapia do Sandplay (TS) no tratamento de crianças vítimas de trauma por abuso, negligência e abandono. A pesquisa foi realizada com 60 crianças que viviam em instituições de acolhimento em quatro cidades do Estado de São Paulo, com idades entre seis anos e seis meses a 10 anos, de ambos os sexos. Todas as crianças dentro desses critérios foram testadas pelo instrumento CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18). Aquelas que apresentavam sintomas clínicos e/ou limítrofes relacionados a fatores internalizantes (ansiedade, depressão, retraimento e queixas somáticas) e/ou externalizantes (violação de regras e comportamento agressivo) e Total de Problemas foram selecionadas para esta pesquisa. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos: grupo experimental (GE), que recebeu a TS em 20 sessões semanais); grupo de controle (GC), lista de espera em 20 semanas e grupo placebo (GP), que recebeu terapia placebo em 20 sessões semanais. Os participantes foram testados em três momentos: T0 (antes da intervenção), T1 (20 sessões e/ou 20 semanas) e T2 (apenas para o GE, seis meses após o tratamento), por meio da utilização dos seguintes instrumentos: CBCL/6-18, WISC-III (2002), Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (subtestes Cubos e Vocabulário) e AUQEI (Questionário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida em Crianças e Adolescentes). Os resultados da intervenção com a TS demonstraram que as crianças do GE apresentaram melhoras estatisticamente significativas, nos sintomas ligados aos fatores internalizantes, externalizantes e Total de Problemas. Essa mudança permaneceu após seis meses do término da terapia. No GC houve mudança significativa em relação aos fatores externalizantes, no entanto esta foi menor que no GE. O GE também apresentou melhoras significativas em relação aos dois grupos. Em T1 o GE apresentou melhoras no WISC vocabulário e em T2 no WISC Cubos. Não houve alteração no teste de qualidade de vida AUQEI que apresentou avaliação de boa qualidade de vida já em T0. Pudemos observar que, por meio da TS, os participantes desta pesquisa expressaram sua agressividade e emoções explosivas. As miniaturas, com seu potencial simbólico, e o brincar na areia facilitaram a conexão e a integração com aspectos inconscientes, reprimidos e defensivos, devido a vivências traumáticas. O brincar simbólico no espaço livre e protegido favoreceu a criatividade e imaginação, assim como a expressão de conteúdos traumáticos

Det finns ett klart samband mellan komplex traumatisering och psykisk och fysik ohälsa. Många människor har stora problem med det dagliga livet och relationer. Förutom det personliga lidandet är effekterna av komplex traumatisering av stor samhällsekonomisk betydelse. Syftet med studien är att undersöka psykoterapeutisk behandling av traumatiserade patienter inom icke specialiserade enheter. Frågeställningarna i studien är: Vad innebär effekterna av komplex traumatisering för individen? Vilka är terapeuters upplevelse av att arbeta med komplext traumatiserade individer? Får individer med diagnosen komplex PTSD den hjälp de behöver? Den metod som använts är en kvalitativ studie där sex legitimerade psykoterapeuter med psykodynamisk inriktning intervjuas. Resultatet av studien visade att effekterna av komplex traumatisering är omfattande och svåra att diagnostisera. Tillståndet har ofta utvecklats till kroniska besvär, t ex ångest och depression, somatiska besvär och personlighetsstörning. Det finns svårigheter och hinder för att traumatiserade patienter ska få adekvat hjälp och utifrån resultatet saknas det i dag både resurser och effektiva behandlingsmetoder. Kunskapen om trauma och dess effekter måste i ökad utsträckning uppmärksammas och prioriteras i tidigare skede inom vård- och behandling.

This diploma thesis deals with a leisure time of clients of the Halfway House. The aim of the thesis is to map the content and structure of their leisure time. The thesis seeks to define what the representatives of the target group need for better self realization. Based on these findings author of the thesis design a new program supporting their spending of leisure time. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part presents a halfway house social service and other programs of the civic association DOM. There are described clients' problems with integration into society. This part of the thesis focuses particularly on the origin of these problems, which mainly come from inadequate care in early childhood and bad family environment or life in an institutonal care later. All psychological and physical needs of a child are not fulfill due to poor care in early childhood and it affects his future mental development. Thesis refers to Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor (PBSP) theory created by Albert Pesso and Diane Boyden - Pesso. PBSP define five basic needs which are necessary for healthy mental development in early childhood. The theoretical part also deals with theory of attachment. Attachment is an emotional bond between child and mother, which has major...

Through perspectives from neuroscience, transpersonal psychology, and transcendentalist philosophy, the art of yoga is proposed as a supporting modality for healing through complex trauma. Personal narrative and original paintings further speak to a process of coming back Home. Where trauma strips one of self, yoga breeds connection back to Self. Yoga is union of individual consciousness with universal consciousness. Yogic philosophy invites one into a space of grey, somewhere between object and subject, physical and spiritual, tangible and ineffable. It is there one comes to find healing by sitting back as a pure observer. In the journey of trauma uncovery, one comes to meet an embodied sense of safety that prevails across levels of body, mind, and soul. The stars begin to shine once again in the universe held within.

Survivors of complex childhood trauma (CCT) tend to develop distinctive mental health challenges later on in adulthood, which may be exacerbated by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. CCT survivors often struggle with self-regulation, making it difficult to tolerate the distress associated with “gold-standard” trauma-processing therapies for survivors of single-incident and adult-onset trauma. Yoga can enhance self-regulation, through physical movements, breathing techniques, meditative focus, and ethical guidelines of behaviour. This dissertation encompasses the creation of a new approach for teaching yoga to trauma survivors, called TIME yoga. This approach is based on a neuropsychological understanding of the bio-psycho-social alterations that CCT survivors undergo. Chapter 1 details the methods employed in this series of dissertation studies. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 26 adult survivors of CCT. Mental health, emotional functioning, resilience, and cognitive functioning were assessed via subjective and objective measures at two time points (i.e., pre- and post- participation in the online yoga program or waitlist). Chapter 2 is a retrospective and cross-sectional study describing survivors’ pre-intervention psychological and cognitive functioning during the pandemic, and evaluating the impact of trauma at particular developmental stages. Regression analyses revealed particular implications of adolescent and young-childhood trauma. Chapter 3 presents a manual of TIME yoga and feasibility data from the initial RCT, supporting both feasibility and safety of the program. Chapter 4 underscores yoga-related improvements in depressive symptoms, interoceptive awareness, and executive functioning. Using both repeated-measures ANOVAs and clinically meaningful indicators of change, this study illustrates how TIME yoga effectively improved survivors’ self-regulation during the global health crisis. Future directions for program development and evaluation are discussed. / Graduate / 2023-04-11

American children growing up in poor urban communities experience a disproportionate amount of direct and indirect violence in addition to the challenges of growing up with limited resources. Due to high amounts of physical and structural violence in these communities, urban youth are at increased risk for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and its associated sequelae, such as asthma, obesity, diabetes, and behavioral problems. Evidence demonstrates that sexual abuse and repeated interpersonal trauma leads to more intense symptomatology than traditional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic events in early childhood predisposes one to a C-PTSD reaction. This literature review of complex trauma serves to further validate the need for modern psychiatry to recognize C-PTSD as a diagnosis and to identify treatment interventions for this vulnerable population. / Urban Bioethics