[pt] Diversos estudos apontam que desenvolvimento orientado a serviços terá, em alguns anos, grande influência sobre o desenvolvimento de sistemas. Esta dissertação discute o que realmente o desenvolvimento orientado a serviços apresenta como novidade tecnológica, através da discussão de todas suas características consideradas relevantes para construção de uma aplicação baseada no conceito de serviços. Características como reuso caixa-preta, distribuição e suporte a heterogeneidade ambiental, entre outras, são discutidas no intuito de identificar suas vantagens e funcionalidades, e principalmente, sua importância para o desenvolvimento orientado a serviços. É discutido, também, o conceito representado pelo termo serviço, que possui interpretações distintas na indústria e em publicações acadêmicas. São apresentados também alguns frameworks que dão suporte ao desenvolvimento orientado a serviços, como Vinci, Jini e os XML Web Services. Finalmente, é apresentada uma proposta para um novo framework que oferece suporte ao desenvolvimento orientado a serviços, e que tem como diferencial a opção de se basear na extensão da infra-estrutura de um servidor de aplicações J2EE. / [en] Several studies point that service-oriented development will have, in some years, great influence on the development of systems. This work shows what service- oriented development actually presents as technological innovation, through the discussion of all its relevant characteristics for construction of an application based on the concept of services. Characteristics as black-box reuse, distribution and environment heterogeneity support, among others, are discussed in intention to identify its advantages and features, and mainly, its importance for the service-oriented development. It is also discussed the concept represented for the term service, that have distinct interpretations in the industry and academic publications. In addition some frameworks are presented that support derviceoriented Development, such as Vinci, Jini and the XML Web Services. Finally, a proposal for a new framework is presented which offers support for Service- Oriented Development. Unlike the others frameworks previously mentioned, this is based on the extension of J2EE application server infrastructure.

Even though there are many software development and project management methodologies available, research and practice both show that IT software development projects still fail, and that the quality of software products does not always meet customers' expectations. There might be multiple causes for such failures, but some of these reasons can be seen to influence or create others. Therefore, the larger the project is, the higher its risk of failure, especially if the teams involved work remotely (distributed and outsourced). This increase in project complexity is considered the motivation for this paper. Similarly, there are other factors that can result in a project's failure and customers' dissatisfaction regarding software quality. All such factors identified by research conducted by organizations specializing in this area are analyzed in order to identify a common root of IT project failures. Once the root causes of these failures have been identified and analyzed, the goal of the Interface based software development methodology is to solve them. The solution offered by an Interface based software development methodology is to improve understanding of software requirements and to describe these requirements with interfaces in an object-oriented way. Interface based software development will support and drive development towards service-oriented architecture (SOA) and component-based development (CBD). The goal of interface based software development is to increase software testability and maintainability and to make it more easily feasible to execute various software development processes in parallel.

Nos últimos anos, as redes sociais na Web 2.0 vêm ganhando cada vez mais importância para trabalhar e compartilhar ideias. As redes sociais armazenam informações do usuário, como preferências, experiência profissional, dados pessoais e com quem o usuário interage. Essas informações são úteis para diversos fins, como oferecer produtos e serviços personalizados. Com a aparição de cada vez mais redes sociais, surgem problemas como a duplicação de perfis de usuários. Atualmente há algumas técnicas para interoperar as redes sociais, como serviços de autenticação única ou representação padrão para compartilhamento de dados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo dessas técnicas e tecnologias disponíveis, implementá-las por meio de componentes do Groupware Workbench, e implantar e avaliar os componentes desenvolvidos na rede social Arquigrafia. A avaliação dos componentes foi realizada por meio dos aspectos e questões propostos pelo projeto DataPortability. A avaliação mostrou que as questões diretamente relacionadas com a interoperabilidade técnica e semântica foram respondidas. / In recent years, the importance of social networks for working and sharing ideas increased. Social networks store information such as user preferences, professional experience, personal data, and information about with whom the user interacts. This kind of information is useful for many purposes, such as offering personalized products and services. With the appearance of more social networks, problems as duplication of user profiles arise. Currently, there are some techniques for interoperating social networks, such as single authentication services and standard representation for data sharing. The objective of this work was to study techniques and technologies available, implement them as Groupware Workbench components, and deploy and evaluate the components in the social network Arquigrafia. The evaluation of the components was based on the DataPortability project. Issues related to technical and semantic interoperability have been successfully addressed.

The discipline of component-based modeling and simulation offers promising gains including reduction in development cost, time, and system complexity. This paradigm is very profitable as it promotes the use and reuse of modular components and is auspicious for effective development of complex simulations. It however is confronted by a series of research challenges when it comes to actually practice this methodology. One of such important issue is Composability verification. In modeling and simulation (M&amp;S), composability is the capability to select and assemble components in various combinations to satisfy specific user requirements. Therefore to ensure the correctness of a composed model, it is verified with respect to its requirements specifications.There are different approaches and existing component modeling frameworks that support composability however in our observation most of the component modeling frameworks possess none or weak built-in support for the composability verification. One such framework is Base Object Model (BOM) which fundamentally poses a satisfactory potential for effective model composability and reuse. However it falls short of required semantics, necessary modeling characteristics and built-in evaluation techniques, which are essential for modeling complex system behavior and reasoning about the validity of the composability at different levels.In this thesis a comprehensive verification framework is proposed to contend with some important issues in composability verification and a verification process is suggested to verify composability of different kinds of systems models, such as reactive, real-time and probabilistic systems. With an assumption that all these systems are concurrent in nature in which different composed components interact with each other simultaneously, the requirements for the extensive techniques for the structural and behavioral analysis becomes increasingly challenging. The proposed verification framework provides methods, techniques and tool support for verifying composability at its different levels. These levels are defined as foundations of a consistent model composability. Each level is discussed in detail and an approach is presented to verify composability at that level. In particular we focus on theDynamic-Semantic Composability level due to its significance in the overallcomposability correctness and also due to the level of difficulty it poses in theprocess. In order to verify composability at this level we investigate the application ofthree different approaches namely (i) Petri Nets based Algebraic Analysis (ii) ColoredPetri Nets (CPN) based State-space Analysis and (iii) Communicating SequentialProcesses based Model Checking. All the three approaches attack the problem ofverifying dynamic-semantic composability in different ways however they all sharethe same aim i.e., to confirm the correctness of a composed model with respect to itsrequirement specifications. Beside the operative integration of these approaches inour framework, we also contributed in the improvement of each approach foreffective applicability in the composability verification. Such as applying algorithmsfor automating Petri Net algebraic computations, introducing a state-space reductiontechnique in CPN based state-space analysis, and introducing function libraries toperform verification tasks and help the molder with ease of use during thecomposability verification. We also provide detailed examples of using each approachwith different models to explain the verification process and their functionality.Lastly we provide a comparison of these approaches and suggest guidelines forchoosing the right one based on the nature of the model and the availableinformation. With a right choice of an approach and following the guidelines of ourcomponent-based M&amp;S life-cycle a modeler can easily construct and verify BOMbased composed models with respect to its requirement specifications. / <p>Overseas Scholarship for PHD in selected Studies Phase II Batch I</p><p>Higher Education Commision of Pakistan.</p><p>QC 20130224</p>

O planejamento da operação de sistemas hidrotérmicos pode ser classificado como um problema de um sistema acoplado no tempo e no espaço, não linear, não convexo, estocástico e de grande porte. A complexidade do problema justifica a necessidade de utilização de diversas ferramentas computacionais com abordagens variadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a realização de estudos relacionados ao planejamento da operação energética de sistemas hidrotérmicos de geração, pela aplicação de componentes de software e de sistemas de inferência fuzzy. Pretende-se apresentar e aplicar um processo de desenvolvimento (UML Components), baseado em componentes de software, para a construção de modelos computacionais de simulação e otimização para servir de apoio ao planejamento da operação energética do sistema hidrotérmico brasileiro. O processo de desenvolvimento UML Components é aplicado de forma a nortear o desenvolvimento do software, para englobar as diferentes atividades realizadas nos fluxos de trabalho, além de incluir os vários artefatos produzidos. Como contribuição adicional, paralelamente ao uso dos componentes de software, este trabalho apresenta uma política de operação energética para reservatórios baseada em sistemas de inferência fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno. A política proposta é baseada na otimização da operação energética das usinas hidrelétricas, empregando o modelo de otimização desenvolvido. Com a operação energética otimizada, obtém-se as relações entre a energia armazenada do sistema e o volume útil operativo de cada usina a reservatório. A partir dessas relações são ajustados os parâmetros do modelo Takagi-Sugeno de ordem um. Ao optar-se por um sistema de inferência fuzzy para determinar a política de operação energética de um conjunto de reservatórios, obtém-se uma estratégia de ação/controle que pode ser monitorada e interpretada, inclusive do ponto de vista lingüístico. Outra vantagem na aplicação de sistemas fuzzy deve-se ao fato dos operadores humanos (especialistas) poderem traduzir, de forma consistente, e em termos de regras lingüísticas, o seu processo de tomada de decisões, fazendo com que a ação do sistema fuzzy seja tão fundamentada e consistente quanto a deles. / The operation planning of hydrothermal power systems can be classified as a nonseparable, nonlinear, nonconvex, stochastic and of large scale optimization problem. The complexity of this problem justifies the need for the use of various computational tools with different approaches. This work aims the accomplishment of studies related to the operation planning of hydrothermal power systems through the implementation of software components and fuzzy inference systems. It is intended to provide and implement a development process (UML Components) based on software components for building computational model of optimization and simulation to support the operation planning of the Brazilian hydrothermal power systems. The UML Components development process is a applied in a way to guide the software development to encompass different activities realized on workflows, as well as to include the various artifacts produced. As additional contribution, in parallel to the use of software components, it is intended to present an operational policy of reservoirs based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference systems. The proposed policy is based on optimization of hydropower operation, using the optimization model developed. Through the optimized operation, relations between system stored energy and the reservoir volume of each plat are obtained. With these relationships, the parameters of the Takagi-Sugeno model are adjusted. In choosing a fuzzy inference system for determining the operational policy of a set of reservoirs, it is obtained as strategy of action/control that can be monitored and interpreted including linguistic standpoint. Another benefit of the fuzzy system application refers to the fact that human specialists can consistently represent, through linguistic rules, their decision making process, making the fuzzy system action as consistent and sound as theirs.

A Web 2.0 alterou o desenvolvimento de aplicações para internet. Contudo, os pesquisadores e desenvolvedores ainda replicam as ideias uns dos outros com pouco reuso. Esse cenário ilustra a necessidade de uma engenharia de domínio, na qual as similaridades e as variabilidades de uma família de aplicações são identificadas e documentadas, com a finalidade de obter o reuso dos componentes desenvolvidos. Neste trabalho, e feita uma engenharia de domínio para Redes Sociais na Web 2.0, com o foco nas funcionalidades colaborativas relativas ao compartilhamento de conteúdo. Como método, e utilizado o FODA (Feature Oriented Domain Analysis) adaptado com o modelo 3C de colaboração para classificar e padrões para interação mediada por computador para descrever as funcionalidades colaborativas. No modelo 3C, a colaboração e analisada a partir da comunicação, coordenação e cooperacao, e padroes descrevem e detalham o contexto de uso das funcionalidades levantadas. Para a implementação das funcionalidades colaborativas comuns nessas aplicações, são desenvolvidos componentes de software compatíveis com a plataforma Groupware Workbench. Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar os artefatos gerados na engenharia de domínio e um estudo de caso para avaliar a aplicabilidade e abrangência dos componentes desenvolvidos em um contexto real, a rede social para compartilhamento de imagens de arquitetura, chamada Arquigrafia Brasil. Os experimentos e o estudo de caso indicaram que os artefatos gerados são reusáveis, uteis e abrangem boa parte das funcionalidades presentes nas redes sociais atuais. / The Web 2.0 changed the development of internet applications. However, researchers and developers replicate each other ideas with low reuse. This scenario illustrates the necessity of a domain engineering, in which the communalities and variabilities of a family of applications are identified and documented. In this work, a domain engineering was applied on social networks in Web 2.0, focusing on collaborative features related to content sharing. We used, as a method, the FODA (Feature Oriented Domain Analysis) adapted with 3C collaboration model to classify and patterns for computer-mediated interaction to describe the collaborative features. To implement the commons features of these applications, a component kit compatible with an infrastructure named Groupware Workbench was defined and developed. An experiment was done to evaluate the artifacts generated by the domain engineering and a case study was done to evaluate coverage and applicability of the developed components in a real context, a social network for architectural images sharing named Arquigrafia Brasil. The experiment and the case study showed that the generated artifacts are reusable, useful and cover a representative part of the social networks collaborative features.

Les logiciels s'orientent de plus en plus vers des architectures évolutives, capables de s'adapter facilement aux changements et d'intégrer de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Ceci est important pour plusieurs classes d'applications qui ont besoin d‘évoluer sans que cela implique d'interrompre leur exécution. Des plateformes dynamiques à composants autorisent ce type d'évolution à l'exécution, en permettant aux composants d'être chargés et exécutés sans requérir le redémarrage complet de l'application en service. Toutefois, la flexibilité d'un tel mécanisme introduit de nouveaux défis qui exigent de gérer les possibles erreurs dues à des incohérences dans le processus de mise à jour, ou en raison du comportement défectueux de composants survenant pendant l'exécution de l'application. Des composants tiers dont l'origine ou la qualité sont inconnus peuvent être considérées à priori comme peu fiables, car ils peuvent potentiellement introduire des défauts d'applications lorsqu'il est combiné avec d'autres composants. Nous sommes intéressés à la réduction de l'impact de ces composants considérés comme non fiables et qui sont susceptibles de compromettre la fiabilité de l'application en cours d'exécution. Cette thèse porte sur l'application de techniques pour améliorer la fiabilité des applications dynamiques à composants. Pour cela, nous proposons l'utilisation des frontières d'isolation pouvant fournir du contingentement de fautes. Le composant ainsi isolé ne perturbe pas le reste de l'application quand il est défaillant. Une telle approche peut être vu sous trois perspectives présentées: (i) l'isolement des composants dynamiques, régi par une politique d'exécution reconfigurable, (ii) l'autoréparation de conteneurs d‘isolement, et (iii) l'utilisation des aspects pour séparer les préoccupations de fiabilité à partir du code fonctionnel. / Software is moving towards evolutionary architectures that are able to easily accommodate changes and integrate new functionality. This is important in a wide range of applications, from plugin-based end user applications to critical applications with high availability requirements. Dynamic component-based platforms allow software to evolve at runtime, by allowing components to be loaded, and executed without forcing applications to be restarted. However, the flexibility of such mechanism demands applications to cope with errors due to inconsistencies in the update process, or due to faulty behavior from components introduced during execution. This is mainly true when dealing with third-party components, making it harder to predict the impacts (e.g., runtime incompatibilities, application crashes) and to maintain application dependability when integrating such third-party code into the application. Components whose origin or quality attributes are unknown could be considered as untrustworthy since they can potentially introduce faults to applications when combined with other components, even if unintentionally. The quality of components is harder to evaluate when components are combined together, especially if it happens on-the-fly. We are interested in reducing the impact that can be brought by untrustworthy components deployed at runtime and that would potentially compromise application dependability. This thesis focuses on applying techniques for moving a step forward towards dependable dynamic component-based applications by addressing different dependability attributes namely reliability, maintainability and availability. We propose the utilization of strong component isolation boundaries, by providing a fault-contained environment for separately running untrustworthy components. Our solution combines three approaches: (i) the dynamic isolation of components, governed by a runtime reconfigurable policy; (ii) a self-healing component isolation container; and (iii) the usage of aspects for separating dependability concerns from functional code.

O planejamento da operação de sistemas hidrotérmicos pode ser classificado como um problema de um sistema acoplado no tempo e no espaço, não linear, não convexo, estocástico e de grande porte. A complexidade do problema justifica a necessidade de utilização de diversas ferramentas computacionais com abordagens variadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a realização de estudos relacionados ao planejamento da operação energética de sistemas hidrotérmicos de geração, pela aplicação de componentes de software e de sistemas de inferência fuzzy. Pretende-se apresentar e aplicar um processo de desenvolvimento (UML Components), baseado em componentes de software, para a construção de modelos computacionais de simulação e otimização para servir de apoio ao planejamento da operação energética do sistema hidrotérmico brasileiro. O processo de desenvolvimento UML Components é aplicado de forma a nortear o desenvolvimento do software, para englobar as diferentes atividades realizadas nos fluxos de trabalho, além de incluir os vários artefatos produzidos. Como contribuição adicional, paralelamente ao uso dos componentes de software, este trabalho apresenta uma política de operação energética para reservatórios baseada em sistemas de inferência fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno. A política proposta é baseada na otimização da operação energética das usinas hidrelétricas, empregando o modelo de otimização desenvolvido. Com a operação energética otimizada, obtém-se as relações entre a energia armazenada do sistema e o volume útil operativo de cada usina a reservatório. A partir dessas relações são ajustados os parâmetros do modelo Takagi-Sugeno de ordem um. Ao optar-se por um sistema de inferência fuzzy para determinar a política de operação energética de um conjunto de reservatórios, obtém-se uma estratégia de ação/controle que pode ser monitorada e interpretada, inclusive do ponto de vista lingüístico. Outra vantagem na aplicação de sistemas fuzzy deve-se ao fato dos operadores humanos (especialistas) poderem traduzir, de forma consistente, e em termos de regras lingüísticas, o seu processo de tomada de decisões, fazendo com que a ação do sistema fuzzy seja tão fundamentada e consistente quanto a deles. / The operation planning of hydrothermal power systems can be classified as a nonseparable, nonlinear, nonconvex, stochastic and of large scale optimization problem. The complexity of this problem justifies the need for the use of various computational tools with different approaches. This work aims the accomplishment of studies related to the operation planning of hydrothermal power systems through the implementation of software components and fuzzy inference systems. It is intended to provide and implement a development process (UML Components) based on software components for building computational model of optimization and simulation to support the operation planning of the Brazilian hydrothermal power systems. The UML Components development process is a applied in a way to guide the software development to encompass different activities realized on workflows, as well as to include the various artifacts produced. As additional contribution, in parallel to the use of software components, it is intended to present an operational policy of reservoirs based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference systems. The proposed policy is based on optimization of hydropower operation, using the optimization model developed. Through the optimized operation, relations between system stored energy and the reservoir volume of each plat are obtained. With these relationships, the parameters of the Takagi-Sugeno model are adjusted. In choosing a fuzzy inference system for determining the operational policy of a set of reservoirs, it is obtained as strategy of action/control that can be monitored and interpreted including linguistic standpoint. Another benefit of the fuzzy system application refers to the fact that human specialists can consistently represent, through linguistic rules, their decision making process, making the fuzzy system action as consistent and sound as theirs.

A tecnologia de componentes de software é propícia para encapsular questões técnicas de implementação e favorecer o reúso entre aplicações, o que é particularmente relevante no desenvolvimento de aplicações colaborativas na Web. Este trabalho utiliza a plataforma Groupware Workbench nesse contexto. A aplicação social Arquigrafia foi a principal motivadora dessa evolução. O Arquigrafia é um ambiente colaborativo para o estudo de arquitetura e compartilhamento de imagens fortemente baseado em colaboração e inteligência coletiva. Como o conceito de inteligência coletiva é muito amplo e mal definido, foi realizada uma análise de domínio e uma classificação das técnicas e seus usos nos sistemas atuais. Também foi feito o mapeamento e a implementação das funcionalidades do Arquigrafia em componentes do Groupware Workbench e executada uma avaliação da plataforma em quatro vertentes, sendo elas: arquitetura de componentes; suporte à colaboração; arquitetura técnica; e percepção dos desenvolvedores. Limitações tecnológicas e conceituais foram identificadas, como por exemplo, o modelo de mapeamento objeto-relacional e questões ligadas à flexibilidade. Essas limitações e colocações foram tratadas e avaliadas na plataforma, resultando em melhorias na arquitetura dos componentes e na simplificação do código. O Groupware Workbench no geral mostrou-se viável para o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação colaborativa real na Web 2.0. / Software components technology is favorable to encapsulate implementation technical issues and encourage the reuse among applications. These characteristics are particularly relevant in the development of web-based collaborative applications. This work evaluates and evolves the Groupware Workbench platform in this context. The social application Arquigrafia was the main motivation for this evolution. Arquigrafia is a collaborative environment for the study of architecture and image sharing strongly based on collaboration and collective intelligence. Since the concept of collective intelligence is very broad, we performed a domain analysis and a classification of its use in current systems. We also implemented the Arquigrafia features using Groupware Workbench components and evaluated the platform in four areas: components architecture; collaboration support; technical architecture; and developers perspective. We identified technological and conceptual limitations, as for example, the adopted object-relational mapping model and issues related to the flexibility of the platform. These limitations were treated and evaluated. We noted improvements in the architecture of the components and code simplification. As a result, the Groupware Workbench was a feasible solution for developing the Arquigrafia application.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MichaelSS.pdf: 1470554 bytes, checksum: 016748ab8192abef9067fea20f51d077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-16 / A great challenge of the Component Based Development is the creation of mechanisms to facilitate the finding of reusable assets that fulfill the requirements of a particular system under development. In this sense, some component repositories have been proposed in order to answer such a need. However, repositories need to represent the asset characteristics that can be taken into account by the consumers when choosing the more adequate assets for their needs. In such a context, the literature presents some models proposed to describe the asset characteristics, such as identification, classification, non-functional requirements, usage and deployment information and component interfaces. Nevertheless, the set of characteristics represented by those models is insufficient to describe information used before, during and after the asset acquisition. This information refers to negotiation, certification, change history, adopted development process, events, exceptions and so on. In order to overcome this gap, this work proposes an XML-based model to represent several characteristics, of different asset types, that may be employed in the component-based development. Besides representing metadata used by consumers, useful for asset discovering, acquisition and usage, this model, called X-ARM, also focus on helping asset developers activities. Since the proposed model represents an expressive amount of information, this work also presents a tool called X-Packager, developed with the goal of helping asset description with X-ARM / O Desenvolvimento Baseado em Componentes tem como grande desafio a cria??o de mecanismos que facilitem a identifica??o de assets reus?veis que satisfa?am os requisitos de sistemas particulares sob desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, reposit?rios de componentes t?m sido propostos como meios para se atender esta necessidade. Por?m, reposit?rios precisam representar as caracter?sticas de assets que possam ser levadas em considera??o pelos consumidores quando da escolha dos assets mais adequados ?s suas necessidades. Neste contexto, a literatura apresenta alguns modelos que foram propostos com a finalidade de descrever as caracter?sticas de assets, tais como identifica??o, classifica??o, requisitos n?o funcionais, informa??es de implanta??o e uso, arquivos que comp?em os assets, e interfaces de componentes. No entanto, o conjunto de caracter?sticas representadas por estes modelos ? insuficiente para descrever diversas informa??es usadas antes, durante e depois da aquisi??o dos assets, dentre as quais pode-se destacar informa??es de negocia??o e certifica??o, hist?rico de mudan?as, processo de desenvolvimento usado, eventos, exce??es. De forma a solucionar tais defici?ncias, este trabalho apresenta um modelo baseado em XML para a representa??o de diversas caracter?sticas, de diversos tipos de assets, que possam ser empregadas no desenvolvimento baseado em componentes. O modelo proposto, denominado X-ARM, fornece informa??es usadas n?o apenas pelos consumidores na identifica??o, aquisi??o e uso de assets, mas tamb?m para apoiar as atividades dos desenvolvedores de assets. Dado que o modelo proposto representa uma expressiva quantidade de informa??es, este trabalho tamb?m apresenta uma ferramenta chamada X-Packager, desenvolvida com o objetivo de auxiliar a descri??o de assets com X-ARM