This master thesis deals with an issue of the profit and loss statement. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the nature of the financial statements, the individual elements of the financial statements and after that, it focuses on the one particular statement which is profit and loss statement. The thesis also describes the basic building blocks of this particular statement and further specifies its appearance. The analysis is conducted in terms of Czech accounting standards and IFRS. In the analytical part of the thesis, the main focus lies on the research of the explanatory power of the profit and loss statement in practice. It analyzes the statement from the perspective of external users. The researched companies were randomly selected and they publish their financial statements prepared in accordance with Czech accounting standards and IFRS. The main approach used in this master thesis is the financial analysis, within which are carried out the horizontal and vertical analysis, ratios calculations and all results are compared over time and also among competitors. The income statement offers really important information to the users of financial statements, but for deeper explanation users have to always look into the other financial statements, because all of them are connected together.

The thesis focuses on the issue of the comprehensive income statement which has been recently included into the financial statements set of IFRS, following the example of US GAAP. In the theoretical part there are outlined various factors which influence the reporting of the comprehensive income and the final form of the statement. The thesis particularly compares reporting of the comprehensive income according to US GAAP and IFRS. In the practical part, the difference is shown on the example of two companies, each reporting in accordance with mentioned accounting systems.

The goal of this diplom thesis is to analyze economic activities of genesis and existence of non-state medical device. The concrete company shows accounting advances of this special line of business in actual legislature in the Czech Republic

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of comprehensive income volatility on the value relevance of accounting information of listed Brazilian companies. From the non-financial data released by Brazilian companies listed on the BM& FBOVESPA in the period between 2010 and 2014, it compared the volatility degree of comprehensive income (σRA) and income statement (σRE), aside from evaluate the association of market risk of Brazilian companies with the volatility of comprehensive income, income statement and other comprehensive income (σORA). It also verify whether the value relevance of these entities are associated with the volatility of comprehensive income, income statement and other comprehensive income, and/or the volatility of the components of other comprehensive income. In the data analysis, nonparametric statistical tools and models of multiple linear regression were utilized using panel data. The results show that the volatility of comprehensive income is statistically higher than the volatility of income statement. In addition, it was found that the volatility of income statement and comprehensive income exercise a significant and negative influence on the risk associated with the analyzed companies, and there is a significant and negative effect of other comprehensive income volatility on the risk of these entities. Moreover, it was found that there is a significant and positive influence on the volatility of income statement and the volatility of comprehensive income on the value relevance of the information reported by these companies. A likely explanation for these results relates to the brief moment of requirement and consequent dissemination of DRA, mandatory from the accounting year ending in 2010. Another factor relates to the low disclosure of other comprehensive income by Brazilian companies, which can impact on the understanding of the economic and financial situation of these entities. Likewise, it was found that there is a significant and negative influence of other comprehensive income volatility on the value relevance of the information reported by Brazilian companies, and only the variable related to gains/losses from hedging instruments (σHDEGit) had a significant influence and negative on the value relevance, whose results may show that there is a lack of clarity about the ORA components with regard to the measurement and disclosure of performance, suggesting that they may be perceived as mere \"trash\" to controversial issues. The results may be useful to agents of capital markets and accounting standard-setting bodies such as the CPC (Brazilian Accounting Pronouncements Committee) and the IASB, because they demonstrate that each of these measures (comprehensive income and income statement) have different but complementary roles. Demonstrate the influence of the comprehensive income volatility and its components on the risk and on the value relevance of accounting information can contribute to the discussion about the reasonableness of the separate disclosure in two different performance measures. / Com a presente pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a influência da volatilidade do resultado abrangente sobre a value relevance das informações contábeis de companhias abertas brasileiras. Dessa forma, a partir dos dados divulgados companhias brasileiras não financeiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no período compreendido entre 2010 a 2014, comparou-se o grau de volatilidade do resultado abrangente (σRA) e do resultado do exercício (σRE), além de se avaliar a associação do risco de mercado das companhias abertas brasileiras com a volatilidade do resultado abrangente, do resultado do exercício e dos outros resultados abrangentes (σORA), bem como verificar se a value relevance destas entidades está associada à volatilidade do resultado abrangente, do resultado do exercício e dos outros resultados abrangentes, e/ou com a volatilidade dos componentes dos outros resultados abrangentes. Na análise dos dados, foram empregados instrumentos estatísticos não paramétricos e modelos de regressão linear múltipla por meio de panel data. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar que a volatilidade do resultado abrangente é estatisticamente superior à volatilidade do resultado do exercício. Além disso, constatou-se que a volatilidade do resultado do exercício e do resultado abrangente exercem influências significativas e negativas sobre o risco associado às companhias analisadas, e que há influência significativa e negativa da volatilidade dos outros resultados abrangentes sobre o risco dessas entidades. Ademais, verificou-se que há influência significativa e positiva da volatilidade do resultado do exercício e da volatilidade do resultado abrangente sobre a value relevance das informações reportadas por essas companhias. Uma provável explicação para esses resultados refere-se ao pouco tempo de exigência e consequente divulgação da DRA, obrigatória a partir do exercício contábil findo em 2010. Outro fator refere-se à baixa divulgação dos outros resultados abrangentes por parte das companhias brasileiras, o que pode impactar na compreensão da situação econômico-financeiro dessas entidades. Outrossim, constatou-se que há influência significativa e negativa da volatilidade dos outros resultados abrangentes sobre a value relevance das informações reportadas por companhias abertas brasileiras, e que apenas a variável referente aos ganhos/perdas de instrumentos de hedge (σHDEGit) apresentou influência significativa e negativa sobre a value relevance, cujos resultados podem evidenciar que não há clareza sobre os componentes dos ORA no que diz respeito à mensuração e divulgação do desempenho, sugerindo que os mesmos podem estar sendo percebidos como mera \"lixeira\" para questões controversas. Os resultados evidenciados nesta pesquisa podem ser úteis para os agentes de mercados de capitais e para entidades normatizadoras, como o CPC e o IASB, pois demonstram que cada uma dessas medidas (resultado abrangente e resultado do exercício) têm papéis diferentes, mas complementares. Ao demonstrar a influência da volatilidade do resultado abrangente e seus componentes sobre o risco e sobre a value relevance das informações contábeis, contribui-se com a discussão acerca da razoabilidade da divulgação em separado de duas diferentes medidas de desempenho. / Mestre em Ciências Contábeis

This thesis explains the main purposes and aims of the convergence process between International Financial Reporting Standards and the American Generally Accepted Accounting Prinicples in a join projects between IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) and FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board). In respect of the join projects, two are described. These are: "Revenue recognition" and "Presentation of financial statements". A major part of the financial statement element is the draft of statement of comprehensive income. Readers of this thesis will find included information about IFRS conceptual framework and in addition details of its planned replacement, which comes from convergence process.

本研究旨在依財務資訊揭露之立意，以Ohlson（1995）評價模型為基礎 ，探討採行IFRS下，綜合損益相關資訊之價值攸關性；另以採行IFRS前後之期間，探討財務報導格式改變對其他綜合損益資訊價值攸關性之影響。實證結果如下： 1. 採行IFRS下，綜合損益總額具顯著正向價值攸關性，但與當期損益相較 ，綜合損益總額並未發現具有較高之相對價值攸關性。 2. 採行IFRS下，當期其他綜合損益總額具顯著正向增額價值攸關性；其組成項目中，換算對國外子公司之淨投資產生之外幣兌換利得或損失與其他綜合損益項目─其他具顯著負向增額價值攸關性，再衡量備供出售金融資產之利益及損失與採用權益法認列之關聯企業及合資之其他綜合損益份額具顯著正向增額價值攸關性。 3. 相較於ROC GAAP之報導格式，採行IFRS下，當期其他綜合損益總額及其大部分組成項目更清楚地揭露於綜合損益表，而具較高之增額價值攸關性。 / 本研究旨在依財務資訊揭露之立意，以Ohlson（1995）評價模型為基礎 ，探討採行IFRS下，綜合損益相關資訊之價值攸關性；另以採行IFRS前後之期間，探討財務報導格式改變對其他綜合損益資訊價值攸關性之影響。實證結果如下： 1. 採行IFRS下，綜合損益總額具顯著正向價值攸關性，但與當期損益相較 ，綜合損益總額並未發現具有較高之相對價值攸關性。 2. 採行IFRS下，當期其他綜合損益總額具顯著正向增額價值攸關性；其組成項目中，換算對國外子公司之淨投資產生之外幣兌換利得或損失與其他綜合損益項目─其他具顯著負向增額價值攸關性，再衡量備供出售金融資產之利益及損失與採用權益法認列之關聯企業及合資之其他綜合損益份額具顯著正向增額價值攸關性。 3. 相較於ROC GAAP之報導格式，採行IFRS下，當期其他綜合損益總額及其大部分組成項目更清楚地揭露於綜合損益表，而具較高之增額價值攸關性。

The diploma thesis deals with comparing profit or loss statement prepared according to IFRS and Czech accounting regulations. The theoretical part presents requirements and chosen parts (especially revenue, depreciation, borrowing costs, government grants, provisions and employee benefits) which are related to profit or loss statement of both accounting standards. The differences are highlighted right in the text, illustrative examples and tables are added as well for better understanding. Subsequently, the practical part is focused on analyzing profit reported according to both accounting standards, which includes an exposure of main reasons why the standards resulted in different profit amount. The main source of information is an annual report of ČD Cargo, a.s. in 2012 that includes financial statements assembled according to both standards, IFRS and Czech accounting standards.

The evidence of this research paper suggests an increased value-relevance of OCI in the Swedish stock market after the 2011 amendment of IAS 19. This amendment eliminated the popular corridor approach that ‘smoothed’ the recognition of actuarial gains and losses and required companies instead to recognize such remeasurements directly to their full extent in OCI. We reason that the current economic environment marked by low interest rates together with demographic trends in life expectancy have amplified the impact of the standard revision on financial statements. Moreover, this research paper is conducted in a Swedish setting that is characterized by widespread occupational pension schemes. In line with informational accounting research, we use regression models to identify whether OCI has more explanatory power for stock market prices and returns. Shares listed on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm are investigated for this purpose. Furthermore, in the course of this research, we revisit the controversial debate on comprehensive income reporting and work out inconsistencies in current IFRS reporting. / Beviset för den forskningen  föreslår att ökade värde-relevans av Övrigt totalresultat i den svenska aktiemarknaden efter 2011 p.g.a. ändringen av IAS 19. Ändringen eliminerade populära korridormetoden att "jämnas" erkännande av ackumulerade vinster och förluster och krävde företag istället erkänna sådana omvärderingar direkt i full utsträckning i övrigt totalresultat. Vi resonerar nuvarande ekonomiska läge som präglas av låga räntor tillsammans med den demografiska utvecklingen i den förväntade livslängden har förstärkt effekterna av standard ändring  i  finansiella rapporter. Dessutom är denna uppsats genomförts på Svensk arbetsmarknad som kännetecknas av omfattande tjänstepensionssystem. I linje med informations redovisning forskning använder vi regressionsmodeller för att identifiera om “Övrigt totalresultat”  har mer förklaring för börskurser och avkastning. Aktier noterade på NASDAQ OMX Stockholm undersöks för detta ändamål. Dessutom under den forskning, titta  vi närmare den kontroversiella debatten om totalresultat rapportering och gå igenom inkonsekvenser i nuvarande IFRS-redovisning.

The master‘s thesis is focused on defining the differences between Czech Accounting Legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards. The theoretical part defines IAS/IFRS, its development and significance at the international level. It deals with rules and requirements that are set out in the financial reporting framework and also in IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. The differences concerning the reporting of a paricular field of accounting are also described in the theoretical part. The practical part follows up the analysis of the selected company and application requirements of IAS/IFRS on selected items of business corporations. Thanks to the application of the requirements, a statement of financial position and a statement of comprehensive income are proposed in accordance with the rules of IAS/IFRS. Procedural steps which are necessary for the first adoption of IAS/IFRS are covered in the last chapter of the master thesis.

在會計理論上，關於損益的計算，有兩種重要所得觀念：當期營業所得觀念與全含所得觀念。早期會計界採當期營業所得觀念（營業淨利），目前公報規定的淨利則採折衷辦法，但較偏向全含所得觀念，最近有許多學者提倡全含所得觀念（綜合淨利）。究竟何種所得觀念對投資人最為有用，實有加以探討的必要，此乃本文的目的。 　　本研究採用“關聯性研究設計”(Association Study)來探討營業淨利、淨利及綜合淨利與股票報酬的關係，以瞭解何種盈餘定義對投資人最為有用，並進一步檢視淨利相對於營業淨利、綜合淨利相對於淨利是否具有增額資訊內涵。 　　本研究以55家公開上市公司民國72年至民國81年的財務資料進行實證研究，實證結果如下： 　　1、營業淨利、淨利及綜合淨利均具有資訊內涵。 　　2、在相對資訊內涵比較方面，經由t檢定顯示，營業淨利、淨利及綜合淨利在解釋股票報酬能力上，並無顯著差異存在。 　　3、在增額資訊內涵比較方面，經由t檢定顯示，營業淨利外但包含於淨利中的損益項目，具有增額資訊內涵。 　　4、在增額資訊內涵比較方面，經由t檢定顯示，淨利外但包含於綜合淨利中的損益項目，亦具有增額資訊內涵。 　　5、報酬累計期間起迄時點不同，對同一年度同一盈餘與股票報酬的相關程度，具有重大的影響。