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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Detector de corrente Compton. / Compton current detector.

João Sinézio de Carvalho Campos 30 May 1984 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é a descrição do projeto e construção de um detector de corrente Compton, com geometria cilíndrica utilizando o material dielétrico teflon; para radiação eletromagnética numa faixa de energia entre 10 KeV à 2 MeV. Basicamente o detector é composto por um cilindro de teflon, recoberto com uma fina camada de tinta prata (chamado eletrodo externo) e um eletrodo interno de chumbo, colocado axialmente no dielétrico; assim o detector forma um capacitor de placas cilíndricas recheado com teflon. A função de cada parte do detector é descrita neste trabalho, também são relatadas as medidas sobre a corrente Compton provocadas no teflon pela passagem de um fluxo de fótons provenientes as fontes de raios-X (aparelho Muller MG 150) e raios gama de cobalto (60Co), estas medidas foram realizadas com auxílio de um eletrômetro da Keitley. Apresenta-se uma teoria elaborada pelo professor Bernhard Gross a qual se ajusta satisfatoriamente com os resultados experimentais obtidos. Levantaram-se as curvas de calibração de carga e corrente acumulada no detector contra taxas de exposição. O detector é bastante simples de ser construído e para que se possam fazer as medidas de corrente, carga ou mesmo voltagem acumulada neste, bastando para isto um eletrômetro. Outro fato importante de se ressaltar, é que tal detector não necessita de campo elétrico aplicado, como encontrado em muitos detectores de radiação de uso comercial. No presente trabalho procura-se ainda fornecer uma idéia dos conceitos e unidades básicas que envolvem o campo das radiações eletromagnéticas. / In this work it is related building of a radiation detector for range energy between 10 KeV 2 MeV. It´s used Teflon (cylindrical geometry) for scattering of radiation for the production of Compton electrons. Axially to Teflon there is a lead internal electrode, which absorbs the incident radiation. Recovering the Teflon there is a silver external electrode that doesn´t absorb the radiation. In this way, the detector behaves as a cylindrical capacitor which Teflon is a dielectric. The measures are made with an electrometer. The detector shows a linear and reproducible behavior as a function of dose rate.
22

Determinação das densidades eletrônicas de neoplasias mamárias utilizando o espalhamento Compton de raios X / Determination of the electron densities of breast neoplasias using the Compton scattering of X-rays

Marcelo Antoniassi 24 September 2008 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Compton em tecidos mamários normais e neoplásicos (benignos e malignos) em experimentos usando radiação síncrotron e tubo de raios X, com o objetivo de determinar as densidades eletrônicas destes tecidos. As energias e ângulos de espalhamento utilizados foram respectivamente 14,0 keV e 150º (x = 1,09 Å-1) para as medidas usando radiação síncrotron e 17,44 e 90º (x = 0,99Å-1) para as medidas usando um tubo de raios X. Os resultados de densidades eletrônicas obtidos foram comparados com dados experimentais e teóricos previamente publicados, mostrando considerável concordância entre eles (diferenças menores que 5%). Comparações estatísticas foram realizadas nas distribuições obtidas, verificando-se que os tecidos normais adiposos se diferenciam de todos outros tipos de tecidos investigados (P<0,001). Também se observou a tendência de as neoplasias malignas apresentarem maior densidade eletrônica que os tecidos normais fibrosos e neoplasias benignas, fato relacionado às características histológicas e metabólicas de seu crescimento. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que é possível utilizar esta técnica para caracterizar e diferenciar os tipos de tecidos, apontando a possibilidade de sua utilização como ferramenta complementar ao diagnóstico do câncer de mama. / In this work we have been measured Compton scattering from normal and neoplastic (benign and malignant) in experiments using synchrotron radiation and X-rays tube, in order to determine of electronic densities of these tissues. The energies and scattering angles used were respectively 14,0 keV and 150º (x = 1,09 Å-1) for the measurements using synchrotron radiation and 17,44 and 90º (x = 0,99Å-1) for the measurements using a X-ray tube. The results of electronic densities obtained were compared with experimental and theoretical data published previously, showing considerable agreement among them (differences smaller than 5%). Statistical comparisons were accomplished in the obtained distributions, showing that the adipose normal tissue differ of all other types of tissues (P<0.001). Moreover, our results show a tendency of the malignant neoplasias to have an elevated electronic density higher than the fibrous normal tissues and benign neoplasias, fact related to histological and metabolic characteristics of its growth. The obtained results suggest that it is possible to use this technique to characterize and to differentiate the breast tissues, pointing the possibility of its use as complementary tool to the diagnosis of the breast cancer.
23

O espalhamento Compton de raios X no diagnóstico de neoplasias mamárias / The Compton scattering of X-rays in the diagnosis of breast neoplasia

Marcelo Antoniassi 29 February 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento elástico e inelástico em tecidos mamários normais e neoplásicos (benignos e malignos) usando uma energia de 17,44 keV (radiação K? ¬- Mo) e um ângulo de espalhamento de 90º (x = 0,99Å-1) com o objetivo de determinar as densidades eletrônicas (?e), número atômico efetivo (Zef) e largura a meia altura (LMA) do pico de espalhamento inelástico destes tecidos. Também foram estudadas por meio de simulações computacionais imagens obtidas por técnica de tomografia de espalhamento Compton. As metodologias experimentais foram verificadas através da análise de materiais de referência. Os valores de densidades eletrônicas e números atômicos efetivos obtidos foram comparados com dados experimentais e teóricos previamente publicados, mostrando uma boa concordância com estes (diferenças menores que 5%). Os valores de LMA obtidos indicam a possibilidade de uso deste parâmetro para obter informação sobre composição dos tecidos e se mostraram correlacionados com os valores de Zef. Os resultados também mostram que existem diferenças de ?e, Zef e LMA entre os grupos de tecidos, as quais estão associadas à composição e à histologia dos tecidos investigados. Por fim, os resultados do estudo técnica de imagem por espalhamento Compton permitiu avaliar a influência de diferentes fatores relacionados ao feixe de radiação, à geometria e à amostra, que determinam a qualidade das imagens obtidas. / In this work we have been measured elastic and inelastic scattering from normal and neoplastic (benign and malignant) breast tissues using a photon energy of 17.44 keV (K? radiation ¬- Mo) and a scattering angle of 90º in order to determine the electron densities (?e), effective atomic number (Zef) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of inelastic peak of these tissues. Compton scattering imaging techniques was also studied using computational simulation. The experimental methods were checked by analyzing of standard reference materials. The values of electron densities and effective atomic numbers obtained were compared with theoretical and experimental data previously published, showing good agreement between them (differences smaller than 5%). The values of FWHM indicate the possibility of using the FWHM for obtain information about the composition of tissues showing correlation with the values of Zef. The results also show that there are differences of ?e, Zef and FWHM between groups of tissues which are associated with the composition and histology of the investigated tissues. Finally, the results of the study of the Compton scattering imaging technique allowed assessing the influence of various factors, related to the radiation beam, geometry sample, which determine the image quality.
24

The development of CVD diamond tracking detectors for high luminosity experiments at the LHC

Roff, Daniel January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
25

Can the neutron polarizabilities be determined from a deuteron Compton scattering experiment? /

Karakowski, Jonathan J. January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [93]-96).
26

Untersuchung der Elektronenimpulsdichten von Festkörpern mit koinzidenter Comptonstreuung

Metz, Christian. Unknown Date (has links)
Universiẗat, Diss., 1999--München.
27

Investigating Neutron Polarizabilities and NN Scattering in Heavy-Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory

Choudhury, Deepshikha 20 December 2006 (has links)
No description available.
28

Développement expérimental d'un télescope Compton au xenon liquide pour l'imagerie médicale fonctionnelle / Experimental development of a liquid xenon compton telescope for functional medical imaging

Oger, Tugdual 06 January 2012 (has links)
L’imagerie 3γ est une nouvelle technique d’imagerie médicale nucléaire qui a été proposée au laboratoire Subatech. Cette technique consiste à localiser tridimensionellement la position de la désintégration d’un radioisotope innovant émetteur (β+, γ), le 44Sc. Il s’agit pour cela d’associer la détection des deux photons gamma de 511 keV issus de la désintégration d’un positon, assurée par une couronne de détecteurs de tomogaphie à émission de positon, à la détection dutroisième photon par un télescope Compton au xénon liquide. La position de l’interaction entre le photon et le xénon, ainsi que l’énergie déposée, sont relevées grâce à la mesure du signal d’ionisation à l’aide d’un chambre MICROMEGAS (MICROMEsh GAseousStructure), tandis que le déclenchement de l’acquisition et la mesure du temps de l’interaction sont assurés parla détection du signal de scintillation. Le principe de la TPC est ainsi utilisé pour l’imagerie Compton.Afin de faire la preuve expérimentale de faisabilité de l’imagerie 3γ, un prototype de petite dimension, XEMIS (XEnon Medical Imaging System), a été développé.Cette thèse constitue une étape importante vers cette preuve de faisabilité. Les travaux qui y sont exposés portent sur la caractérisation de la réponse du détecteur pour un faisceau de gammas de 511 keV et sur l’analyse des données qui en sont issues. La mesure des résolutions en énergie et temporelle seront exposés, ainsi que celle de la pureté du xénon liquide. / 3γ imaging is a new nuclear medical imaging technique which has been suggested by Subatech laboratory. This technique involves locating three-dimensional position of the decay of an innovative radioisotope (β+, γ) emitter the 44Sc. The principle consist in the detection of two photons of 511 keV gamma rays from the decay of the positron, provided by a PET ring detector, associated to the detection of the third photon by a Liquid xenon Compton telescope. The energy deposited in the interaction between the photon and xenon and its position are identified by measuring the ionization signal with a MICROMEGAS chamber (MicroMesh Gaseous Structure), while the trigger and time measurement of the interaction are provided by the detection of thescintillation signal. The principle of the TPC is thus usedto Compton imaging.In order to demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of imaging 3γ, a small prototype, XEMIS (Xenon MedicalImaging System) was developed. This thesis is an important step towards the proof of feasibility. In this work are exposed the characterization of the detector response for a beam of 511 keV gamma rays and the analysis of data derived from it. The measurement of energy and time resolutions will be presented, as well as the purity of the liquid xenon.
29

ELASTIC COMPTON SCATTERING FROM DEUTERIUM NEAR 100 MEV

Shoniyozov, Khayrullo 01 January 2016 (has links)
Tagged photons from 81 to 116 MeV were used to measure elastic Compton scat- tering cross sections from deuterium and carbon targets at the MAX-lab facility in Lund. Scattered gamma rays were detected in three very large NaI(Tl) crystals with sufficient energy resolution to isolate deuterium elastic yields at scattering angles of 60°, 90°, 120° and 150°. Calculations indicate that back-angle Compton scattering on deuterium in this energy range is sensitive to the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon. Results of this research were obtained with improved beam tagging system conditions compared to previous elastic Compton scattering experiments from deuterium.
30

The development of a position sensitive gamma-ray detector

Lawton, Christopher David January 1998 (has links)
No description available.

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