Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Margarida Ribeiro.pdf: 1918514 bytes, checksum: 8449554e44042e9cc3eb6a076fd17be6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / This research deals with women who are active in so-called historical Protestantism, principally related to the Methodist Church of Brazil. The work intends to make visible lay women and their networks, generally informal, of articulation, and call to attention their role in the constitution of these communities of faith. It deals with an aspect little explored in investigations regarding Protestantism in Brazil that, when dealt with, is often restricted to certain feminine icons. The principle focus of the work is restricted to the period from 1930, the year in which the Methodist Church in Brazil became an independent institution and formally separated itself from its historical beginning point in the EUA, until 1970/71, when Methodist women were first admitted as clergy, or, in other words, the ordination of women as pastors. Beyond discussing bibliographic production, principally in the area of the history of Protestantism, the research is based in primary sources such as bulletins, denominational journals, reports of events, correspondence, and information contained in a variety of sources. The primary theoretical reference is the micro-history, as a search for highlighting the forgotten characters and revealing the narratives that had been hidden by the official history. Beyond making more visible the actuation of women in Brazilian Protestantism, silenced both in institutional memory and in historiography in its various expressions, the research intends to contribute to a critical evaluation of the mentality of women regarding their action in the religious field, between adaptation to dominant cultural standards and traces of autonomous thought in the light of specific demands.(AU) / Esta pesquisa abrange mulheres atuantes no chamado protestantismo histórico, principalmente vinculadas à Igreja Metodista do Brasil. O trabalho pretende visibilizar especialmente mulheres leigas e suas redes, geralmente informais, de articulação e chamar a atenção para seu papel na constituição destas comunidades de fé. Trata-se de um aspecto pouco explorado nas investigações sobre o protestantismo no Brasil que, quando abordado, se restringe a alguns ícones femininos. O foco principal do trabalho se restringe ao período de 1930, ano em que a Igreja Metodista do Brasil se constituiu como instituição autônoma, desvinculando-se formalmente de sua congênere nos EUA, até 1970/71, quando mulheres metodistas passam a ser admitidas no presbiterato, ou seja, podem solicitar a ordenação ao pastorado. Além de discutir a produção bibliográfica principalmente no âmbito da história do protestantismo, a pesquisa se baseia em fontes primárias, como boletins e jornais denominacionais, relatórios de eventos, correspondências e informações dispersas em diferentes materiais. Como referencial teórico a pesquisa se valeu da micro-história, procurando assim dar vida a personagens esquecidos e desvelar enredos ocultados pela história oficial. Portanto, além de demonstrar aspectos da atuação de mulheres no protestantismo brasileiro, silenciados tanto na memória institucional como na historiografia em suas diferentes matizes, a pesquisa pretende contribuir para uma avaliação crítica da mentalidade de mulheres sobre sua atuação no campo religioso, entre a adequação aos padrões culturais dominantes e os indícios de autonomia de pensamento diante de demandas específicas.(AU)

Les communications téléphoniques en voix sur IP souffrent de la perte de paquets causée par les problèmes d'acheminement dus aux nœuds du réseau. La perte d'un paquet de voix induit la perte d'un segment de signal de parole (généralement 10ms par paquet perdu). Face à la grande diversité des codeurs de parole, nous nous sommes intéressés dans le cadre de cette thèse à proposer une méthode de masquage de pertes de paquets générique, indépendante du codeur de parole utilisé. Ainsi, le masquage de pertes de paquets est appliqué au niveau du signal de parole reconstruit, après décodage, s'affranchissant ainsi du codeur de parole. Le système proposé repose sur une modélisation classique de type « modèles de Markov cachés » afin de suivre l'évolution acoustique de la parole. À notre connaissance, une seule étude a proposé l'utilisation des modèles de Markov cachés dans ce cadre [4]. Toutefois, Rødbro a utilisé l'utilisation de deux modèles, l'un pour la parole voisée, l'autre pour les parties non voisées, posant ainsi le problème de la distinction voisée/non voisée. Dans notre approche, un seul modèle de Markov caché est mis en œuvre. Aux paramètres classiques (10 coefficients de prédiction linéaire dans le domaine cepstral (LPCC) et dérivées premières) nous avons adjoint un nouvel indicateur continu de voisement [1, 2]. La recherche du meilleur chemin avec observations manquantes conduit à une version modifiée de l'algorithme de Viterbi pour l'estimation de ces observations. Les différentes contributions (indice de voisement, décodage acoutico-phonétique et restitution du signal) de cette thèse sont évaluées [3] en terme de taux de sur et sous segmentation, taux de reconnaissance et distances entre l'observation attendue et l'observation estimée. Nous donnons une indication de la qualité de la parole au travers d'une mesure perceptuelle : le PESQ. / Packet loss due to misrouted or delayed packets in voice over IP leads to huge voice quality degradation. Packet loss concealment algorithms try to enhance the perceptive quality of the speech. The huge variety of vocoders leads us to propose a generic framework working directly on the speech signal available after decoding. The proposed system relies on one single "hidden Markov model" to model time evolution of acoustic features. An original indicator of continuous voicing is added to conventional parameters (Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients) in order to handle voiced/unvoiced sound. Finding the best path with missing observations leads to one major contribution: a modified version of the Viterbi algorithm tailored for estimating missing observations. All contributions are assessed using both perceptual criteria and objective metrics.

iAbstractThis exploratory study aims to investigate the connection between menstrual perceptions,knowledge and education about menstruation as well as the period product choice. Using thefeminist approach, research data were gathered from three focus groups of girls between 14 and15 years old that went to the same high school in Visby (Sweden). Thematic analysis was usedto analyse the data. The findings show that the stigma surrounding menstruation affects girls’everyday lives, forcing them to hide and control their periods and emotions. This results inconstant stress in school. Menstrual concealment also has an impact on period products girlschoose. Participants were lacking knowledge regarding period products and showed nointention to use sustainable period products. Thus, menstrual knowledge is important to reducenegative perceptions and attitudes toward menstruation and period products as well as thefeeling of shame about women’s reproductive functions. Girls gain this knowledge by talkingto other females, especially moms, but also via the Internet and social media. In school, sexeducation starts too late and does not cover emotions, menstrual pain, the different periodproducts, how the menstrual cycle affects girls’ lives and the fact that menstruation is differentfor every girl.

No description available.

Esta Tese propõe-se a investigar os seqüestros de bens dos inconfidentes da comarca do Rio das Mortes, em Minas Gerais, na segunda metade do século XVIII, ao reconstituir a trajetória de sete sediciosos (Carlos Correia de Toledo e Melo, Luís Vaz de Toledo Piza, Francisco Antônio de Oliveira Lopes, José Aires Gomes, Manuel Rodrigues da Costa, Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto e José de Resende Costa) que tiveram seu patrimônio listado nos Autos de Seqüestro originais da Conjuração Mineira. Para isto, iniciamos o primeiro capítulo reconstituindo a trama jurídica do processo de devassa, aberta para julgar o crime de Inconfidência, e os seqüestros de bens como fontes de pesquisa. O capítulo seguinte é dedicado ao estudo das relações agrícolas e pastoris nas propriedades dos inconfidentes. Nele, por meio dos seqüestros e de documentos correlatos ao processo da devassa, discutiremos a posse da terra e os indícios de práticas agrícolas e de criação de animais nas fazendas inconfidentes. No terceiro capítulo, estudaremos as técnicas de exploração do ouro e a presença dos escravos nas suas propriedades. Por último, analisaremos a cadeia de endividamento e de crédito que estruturava a vida e o relacionamento dos sediciosos, buscando-se compreender a dinâmica dessas relações, sua difusão e as práticas quanto ao dar e no receber crédito / This thesis investigates the distresses inflicted on the conjurators of Rio das Mortes district, Minas Gerais, on the second half of the 18th century. It reconstructs the trajectories of seven of them (Carlos Correia de Toledo e Melo, Luís Vaz de Toledo Piza, Francisco Antônio de Oliveira Lopes, José Aires Gomes, Manuel Rodrigues da Costa, Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto, and José de Resende Costa), whose estates or properties have been listed in the original distress acts of the Conjuration. The first chapter reconstructs the juridical context of the judicial contest and the subsequent distresses inflicted on the conjurators. The second chapter deals with the types of land property and economy at the conjurators estates, predominantly based on agriculture and cattle ranching. The third chapter explores the mining techniques and the presence of slaves at these estates. The final chapter analyzes the debt/credit circuit which determined the way of life and social relationships between the conjurators

<p>This thesis examines risk management in breeding Siberian jays (<i>Perisoreus infaustus</i>), which is indigenous to the northern taiga. Parent behaviour and the nest are cryptic. A new nest is built each year. It is placed on spruce or pine branches close to the trunk and well insulated with lichens, feathers and reindeer hair.</p><p>Nest failure rate was the main factor driving annual variations in jay numbers. The probability for nesting attempts to be successful ranged annually between 0.08 and 0.70. Nest predation was rampant and a main cause of nest failure. Nest predators were mainly other corvids (primarily the Eurasian jay <i>Garrulus glandarius</i>). Habitat quality was the main factor determining the risk of predation. The risk for nest failure due to predation was higher in thinned forests with an open structure and with a high abundance of man-associated corvid species (jays, crows, raven). </p><p>Siberian jay parents show several strategic adjustments in life-history and behaviour to the risk of nest predation. Parents traded reduced feeding rates for a lower predation risk and allocated feeding to low risk situations. Chick provisioning imposes a cost by drawing the attention of visually hunting predators to the location of nests, and parents adjusted their daily routines and avoided exposure by allocating provisioning to times of low activity among nest predators. These strategic adjustments of feeding efforts were estimated to reduce the exposure to nest predators by 26 percent. Also, parents adjusted their reproductive efforts to the perceived presence of predators in a playback experiment. Siberian jays reduced their reproductive investment by laying a smaller clutch size when high risk of nest predation reduced the value of current reproduction, as predicted from life-history theory.</p>

This thesis examines risk management in breeding Siberian jays (Perisoreus infaustus), which is indigenous to the northern taiga. Parent behaviour and the nest are cryptic. A new nest is built each year. It is placed on spruce or pine branches close to the trunk and well insulated with lichens, feathers and reindeer hair. Nest failure rate was the main factor driving annual variations in jay numbers. The probability for nesting attempts to be successful ranged annually between 0.08 and 0.70. Nest predation was rampant and a main cause of nest failure. Nest predators were mainly other corvids (primarily the Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius). Habitat quality was the main factor determining the risk of predation. The risk for nest failure due to predation was higher in thinned forests with an open structure and with a high abundance of man-associated corvid species (jays, crows, raven). Siberian jay parents show several strategic adjustments in life-history and behaviour to the risk of nest predation. Parents traded reduced feeding rates for a lower predation risk and allocated feeding to low risk situations. Chick provisioning imposes a cost by drawing the attention of visually hunting predators to the location of nests, and parents adjusted their daily routines and avoided exposure by allocating provisioning to times of low activity among nest predators. These strategic adjustments of feeding efforts were estimated to reduce the exposure to nest predators by 26 percent. Also, parents adjusted their reproductive efforts to the perceived presence of predators in a playback experiment. Siberian jays reduced their reproductive investment by laying a smaller clutch size when high risk of nest predation reduced the value of current reproduction, as predicted from life-history theory.

Analyzes in an open and exploratory as seniors who reside in long-stay institutions in the municipalities of Arapiraca-AL and Caruaru-PE represent old age and life institutionalized. Therefore, traces a characterization of the process of demographic transition and seeks to place the impact of this process on the expansion of demand for formal long-term care in Brazil and especially in cities where the institutions surveyed included. Observes how the process of demographic transition is accompanied by a decrease in the availability of family caregivers and how the expansion of demand for long-term care requires a redefinition of the distribution of roles among family, society and state in the provision of care. Discusses the approach of Norbert Elias about the process of concealment of death and dying that would have developed in northern European societies in the course of the civilizing process and seeks to show how dependent old age still produce feelings of shame and embarrassment that hinder identification with the old and the dying. Finally, assess how the subjects represent the old age and the life institutionalized and inquire about the possibility of reconciling the representations produced in the context of characterization of the dying of loneliness that is presented in the Elia’s work / FAPEAL - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Esse estudo analisa de forma aberta e exploratória como idosos que residem em instituições de longa permanência nos municípios de Arapiraca-Al e Caruaru-PE representam a velhice e a vida institucionalizada. Para tanto, traça uma caracterização do processo de transição demográfica e procura situar os impactos desse processo na ampliação da demanda por cuidados formais de longa duração no Brasil e em especial nas cidades onde figuram as instituições pesquisadas. Observa como o processo de transição demográfica é acompanhado de uma diminuição da disponibilidade de cuidadores familiares e como a ampliação da demanda por cuidados de longa duração exige uma redefinição da distribuição de papéis entre família, sociedade, mercado e Estado na oferta desses cuidados. Discorre sobre a abordagem eliasiana acerca do processo de ocultação da morte e dos moribundos que teria se desenvolvido nas sociedades norte europeias no curso do processo civilizador e procura indicar como a velhice dependente ainda produziria sentimentos de vergonha e embaraço que dificultariam a identificação com os velhos e os moribundos. Por fim, avalia como os sujeitos da pesquisa representaram a velhice e a vida institucionalizada e inquire sobre a possibilidade de compatibilizar as representações produzidas no quadro de caracterização da solidão dos moribundos que é apresentado na obra eliasiana.

Esta Tese propõe-se a investigar os seqüestros de bens dos inconfidentes da comarca do Rio das Mortes, em Minas Gerais, na segunda metade do século XVIII, ao reconstituir a trajetória de sete sediciosos (Carlos Correia de Toledo e Melo, Luís Vaz de Toledo Piza, Francisco Antônio de Oliveira Lopes, José Aires Gomes, Manuel Rodrigues da Costa, Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto e José de Resende Costa) que tiveram seu patrimônio listado nos Autos de Seqüestro originais da Conjuração Mineira. Para isto, iniciamos o primeiro capítulo reconstituindo a trama jurídica do processo de devassa, aberta para julgar o crime de Inconfidência, e os seqüestros de bens como fontes de pesquisa. O capítulo seguinte é dedicado ao estudo das relações agrícolas e pastoris nas propriedades dos inconfidentes. Nele, por meio dos seqüestros e de documentos correlatos ao processo da devassa, discutiremos a posse da terra e os indícios de práticas agrícolas e de criação de animais nas fazendas inconfidentes. No terceiro capítulo, estudaremos as técnicas de exploração do ouro e a presença dos escravos nas suas propriedades. Por último, analisaremos a cadeia de endividamento e de crédito que estruturava a vida e o relacionamento dos sediciosos, buscando-se compreender a dinâmica dessas relações, sua difusão e as práticas quanto ao dar e no receber crédito / This thesis investigates the distresses inflicted on the conjurators of Rio das Mortes district, Minas Gerais, on the second half of the 18th century. It reconstructs the trajectories of seven of them (Carlos Correia de Toledo e Melo, Luís Vaz de Toledo Piza, Francisco Antônio de Oliveira Lopes, José Aires Gomes, Manuel Rodrigues da Costa, Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto, and José de Resende Costa), whose estates or properties have been listed in the original distress acts of the Conjuration. The first chapter reconstructs the juridical context of the judicial contest and the subsequent distresses inflicted on the conjurators. The second chapter deals with the types of land property and economy at the conjurators estates, predominantly based on agriculture and cattle ranching. The third chapter explores the mining techniques and the presence of slaves at these estates. The final chapter analyzes the debt/credit circuit which determined the way of life and social relationships between the conjurators

Ce travail part du postulat que l’occultation des femmes croyantes au Québec résulte de la combinaison de trois facteurs : la sécularisation de la société, l’idéologie des féminismes de la deuxième vague et les discours patriarcaux propres aux communautés abrahamiques du Québec. À compter de la Révolution tranquille, dans les années soixante, la société québécoise s’est d’abord laïcisée puis sécularisée rapidement. Cette révolution a progressivement éloigné les institutions religieuses des dynamiques politiques, ainsi que du milieu de la santé et de l’éducation. En même temps, la sécularisation a écarté le discours religieux de l’espace public et l’a relégué à l’espace privé, où le discours des femmes croyantes s’est trouvé circonscrit. Parallèlement à ce processus rapide de sécularisation, durant le dernier quart du 20e siècle, se produisait la montée des féminismes de la deuxième vague. Depuis le début du troisième millénaire de l’ère commune, cette deuxième vague a commencé à céder la place à une troisième, mais celle-ci n’est toujours pas dominante en milieu québécois. Il faut mentionner que pour les adhérentes des féminismes de la deuxième vague, religion et féminisme sont incompatibles. Outre la sécularisation et la montée des féminismes de la deuxième vague, le troisième facteur d’occultation demeure toujours la dimension patriarcale traditionnelle des institutions et communautés abrahamiques (juive, chrétienne et musulmane). Leur édification millénaire et leurs processus herméneutiques respectifs, fortement ancrés dans des systèmes patriarcaux, s’ouvrent difficilement à la plupart des innovations suggérées par leurs adeptes féministes. Pour chacune des religions abrahamiques qui font l’objet de cette thèse, une universitaire féministe a été sélectionnée : Norma Baumel Joseph, juive orthodoxe, Denise Couture chrétienne catholique romaine et Samia Amor, musulmane de tradition sunnite. Ce travail cherche à comprendre l’approche herméneutique postmoderne ainsi que les actions préconisées par chacune de ces femmes afin de lutter contre la triple occultation des femmes croyantes. Par la relecture des textes sacrés, ces croyantes, spécialistes de leur tradition religieuse respective, tentent d’innover en matière d’interprétation religieuse pour ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives confrontant les exégèses patriarcales traditionnelles. Leurs approches de croyantes féministes invitent les féminismes du Québec à une ouverture à la pluralité culturelle qui inclurait la pluralité du religieux, tant intra-religieux que multireligieux. Finalement, ces auteures croyantes partagent, pour deux d’entre elles, la pratique du dialogue interreligieux comme piste possible pour redonner aux femmes croyantes une visibilité au sein de la société sécularisée, favorisant ainsi une reconnaissance de la place et des rôles particuliers qu’elles peuvent jouer dans une société québécoise réellement inclusive et égalitaire. / The premise of this thesis is that the concealment of religious women in Quebec is the result of three factors: the secularization of the society, the ideology of the second wave feminism in Quebec, and the patriarchal discourses found in the Abrahamic communities of Quebec. Starting with the Quiet Revolution in the 1960s, Quebec society first laicized its institutions and then quickly secularized socially. At the same time, this secularization process put aside religious discourse from public space and relegated it to the private sphere, where the discourse of religious women was circumscribed. Parallel to this rapid process of secularization, in the last quarter of the 20th century, the rise of second wave feminism took place. Since the beginning of the third millennium, this second wave has started to give way to a third wave, but this latest wave has not yet become dominant in Quebec. It is important to add that for the followers of second wave feminism, religion and feminism are incompatible. Apart from this secularization and the increase in second wave feminism, the third concealment factor still remains the traditional patriarchal dimension of the Abrahamic institutions and communities (Jewish, Christian and Muslim). Their respective millennial edification and hermeneutical processes are deeply anchored in patriarchal systems, making it very difficult to open up to most innovations suggested by their feminist members. For each one of those Abrahamic religions that are the focus of this thesis, a feminist scholar was selected; Norma Baumel Joseph, an Orthodox Jew, Denise Couture, a Roman Catholic Christian, and Samia Amor, a Muslim of Sunni tradition. This work aims to understand the postmodern hermeneutical approach as well as the actions suggested by each one of these women in order to fight against the triple concealment of religious women. By re-reading the sacred texts, these believers, specialists of their respective religious tradition, try to innovate in matters of religious interpretation in order to open up new perspectives that confront traditional patriarchal exegesis. Their approach as religious feminists invite the feminists of Quebec to be more open to a cultural plurality that would include religious plurality, both intra-religiously and multi-religiously. Finally, these religious authors share, for two of v them, the practice of interreligious dialogue as a possible avenue for giving religious women anew a visibility in a secularized society, thus enabling a recognition of the place and particular roles they can play in a Quebec society that is truly inclusive and egalitarian.