Self-concept, or feelings about oneself, encompasses various areas including social and academic domains and has been suggested to be a predictor and mediator of other outcomes (Bryne, 1996). In this study, the relationships between achievement, intelligence scores, and self-concept in children with mild intellectual disabilities were examined. Self-concept and WISC verbal intelligence scores evidenced significant relationships. Additionally, relationships were demonstrated between gains in achievement and higher ratings of self-concept. These results suggest that relationships exist between intelligence, achievement, and self-concept in elementary school children with MID. Specifically, a positive relationship was demonstrated between achievement gains and self-concept. Associations between intelligence and self-concept also were demonstrated, where higher intelligence scores were related to both lower nonacademic self-concept and higher cognitive self-concept.

I argue for the Expanded Cluster Account of art (ECA) by first inquiring as to whether “art” is best described by a cluster account and where ECA fits into the current landscape of theories of concepts. Second, I explicate the relevant aspects of Boyd’s theory of natural kinds and argue that his concepts of “disciplinary matrices” and “homeostatic property clusters” (roughly analogous to Gaut’s criterial properties for characterizing art, particularized for each individual kind) have relevant roles in a proper cluster account of art, thus explicating and expanding Gaut’s account in the process. Third, I defend the thesis that Boyd’s concept of “disciplinary matrix,” when applied to “art,” is fulfilled by George Dickie’s notion of “the Artworld.” Lastly, I consider objections to ECA and positively explain its heuristic and explanatory efficacy above and beyond other contemporary “anti-definitional” accounts.

The author drew on sociometer theory to propose that self-esteem is attuned to traits that garner others’ acceptance, and the traits that garner acceptance depend on one’s social role. Attunement of self-esteem refers to the linkage, or connection, between self-esteem and specific traits, which may be observed most clearly in the association between self-esteem and specific self-evaluations. In most roles, appearance and popularity determine acceptance, so self-esteem is most attuned to those traits. At the same time, interdependent social roles emphasize the value of communal qualities, so occupants of those roles have self-esteem that is more attuned to communal qualities than is the general norm. To avoid the biases of people's personal theories, attunement of self-esteem to particular traits was assessed indirectly via the correlation between self-esteem and self-ratings (Study 2), with cognitive accessibility measures (Study 3), by observing the responsiveness of people’s self-concepts to social cues about the self (Study 4), and with an experiment involving social decision-making (Study 5). As hypothesized, self-esteem was generally more attuned to appearances than communal qualities, but interdependent social roles predicted heightened attunement of self-esteem to qualities like kindness and understanding.

This thesis has been done in ROM (Royal Ontario Museum) located in Toronto Canada. It focuses on learning in two parts of the museum. It tries to find out how much each part is effective in terms of learning. Studies have been done in the Digital gallery, which has been equipped with digital video projector and workstation that allows visitors to interact with the collections in 2 or 3 dimensional spaces while they are watching the presenting film. The rest of the study was in Hands-on laboratory, which allows students to examine artifacts and discuss their findings .The method was used in this research is Concept mapping .In Digital gallery, 24 schools surveys in the form of pre-post- test by help of the concept mapping method has been done. In Hands-on laboratory, 12 schools have been studied by using the combination of interviewing and written pre post-test of concept mapping.

The morphological phenotypic characters involving sexual selection but with highly individual variability are likely to challenge the prezygotic isolating mechanism driven by differentiation of mechanical structures. This kind of characters may also puzzle species identification and taxonomy. Therefore clarifying the correlation between the phenotypic variability and biological/non-biological factors becomes necessary in order to understand the role of this phenomenon under natural selection and sexual selection. The Syntomini represents one of the few lepidopterous groups that exhibit highly individual variability in both wing pattern and reproductive structures. The evolutionary and taxonomic significance of this phenomenon, however, has never been studied using modern methods although it has been documented for long. In order to test several hypotheses relevant to phenotypic variability, the present study focuses the phylogenetic relationship of Amata wilemani Rothschild, 1914, a subalpine moth species with extremely high variability in wing coloration and genitalia. The phylogenetic relationship between the three color morphs of A. wilemani and 38 Syntomini species plus 2 Lithosiinae outgroups was reconstructed using fragments of COI, EF1a and 28S. All color morphs of A. wilemani were recovered to form a monophyletic group under all data partitioning strategies with Amata formosensis (Wileman, 1928) or its closely related species in China as the potential sister group. The result of gene network analysis suggests low divergence between haplotypes of A. wilemani. Because no correlation between color morphs, phenology, geographical distribution, altitudinal gradient, and genitalic morphlogy was detected, it is concluded that A. wilemani should be regarded as a single species with high phenotypic variability, and this may suggest existence of intraspecific competition. The present study also found that Amata karapinensis (Strand, 1915), which was synonymized with A. wilemani by previous authors, should be revived. The incongruence between the phylogenetic relationships based on morphological and molecular characters shows a need of a comprehensive phylogenetic study of this highly diverse group.

The study was to investigate the relationship among the students¡¦ perception of teacher caring, caring needs, learning motivation and self-concept for elementary school students. Survey study was conducted on sample consisted of 667 Taiwanese elementary school students with instruments including scales of teacher caring, self-concept, learning motivation. The results of this study were as follows: A. Students¡¦ perception of teacher caring are above average. In addition, perception of teacher safe caring is the highest and belongingness & love caring is the lowest. B. Both the 5th and 6th grade students need more teachers¡¦ esteem and self-actualization caring. Comparing with 6th grade student, the 5th students need more teacher caring. C. No difference between boys¡¦ and girls¡¦ perception of caring and caring needs . Both of them perceive more caring from women teachers. D. Students hope teachers give more belongingness & love, esteem, self-actualization and the whole caring in the future. E. The students who need more teachers caring have more positive self-concept and learning motivation.

Meaning based search retrieves objects from search index repository based on user's search Meanings and meaning of objects rather than keyword matching. It requires techniques to capture user's search Meanings and meanings of objects, transform them to a representation that can be stored and compared efficiently on computers. Meaning of objects can be adequately captured in terms of a hierarchical composition structure called concept tree. This thesis describes the design and development of an algorithm that transforms the hierarchical concept tree to a tensor representation using tensor algebra theory. These tensor representations can capture the information need of a user in a better way and can be used for similarity comparisons in meaning based search. A preliminary evaluation showed that the proposed framework outperforms the TF-IDF vector model in 95% of the cases and vector based conceptual search model in 92% of the cases in adequately comparing meaning of objects. The tensor conversion tool also was used to verify the salient properties of the meaning comparison framework. The results show that the salient properties are consistent with the tensor similarity values of the meaning comparison framework.

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¡@¡@e-Learning is becoming more and more important for many educational institutions, and many educators believe that there is a good potential for providing adaptive learning in e-learning environment. In order to support the design of adaptive learning materials, teachers need to refer to the ontology of the subject domain to be taught. Moreover, ontology can show the whole picture and the core knowledge of a subject domain. Literature reviews also pointed out that graphical representation of ontology can reduce the problems of information overloading and learning disorientation for learners. However, ontology constructions all rely on domain experts in the past; it is a time consuming and high cost task. It would be more challenge for those emerging new domains like e-Learning. ¡@¡@e-Learning is a new and fast developing domain, how to automatic constructing its ontology is a very important topic. In this research, we use some relevant e-Learning journals and conferences papers as input data sources, and apply data mining techniques to automatically construct the concept maps for e-learning. We also analyzed the evolution in e-Learning domain according to the concept maps constructed at different time periods. ¡@¡@The contribution of this research is automatic constructing the concept maps of e-Learning domain using text-mining techniques. It can provide a comprehensive and useful reference for researchers to do research, for teachers to do adaptive course design and for learners to understand the related knowledge in e-Learning.

A Study of Internet Addiction and Self-Concept on Elementary School Students Abstract The purposes of this study are to understand the present situation of elementary school students' Internet behavior, Internet addiction and self-concept, and to analyze the correlations among these three above-mentioned variables. The study is carried out through literature reviews, case surveys and interviews. The subjects are the 5th and 6th grade students at elementary schools in Kaohsiung City. By cluster sampling, the researcher sends out 1112 copies of questionnaire, and receives 1052 valid copies. The collected data are analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics, t-test, one¡Vway ANOVA, and Pearson's product-moment correlation. The top 5% of the Internet addition scores of the samples are interviewed in groups. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Family is the major factor that affects elementary school students' Internet behavior and Internet addiction. 2. Virtual interactive Internet activity may easily lead to Internet addiction. 3. In different aspects, elementary school students' self-conception varies in results. 4. Students who spend most of time surfing or e-mailing have better self-concept performance than the others. 5. The more obvious the tendency toward Internet addiction is, the higher mental ego the self-concept shows. 6. The more obvious the tendency toward Internet addiction is, the lower ability-ego and physical ego the self-concept shows. According to these results, some suggestions are presented to educational institutions, educators, counselors and parents. It is expected that understanding the relations between Internet addiction and self-concept of elementary school students, can facilitate to shape appropriate attitude toward Internet, to develop students' self-concept, and to improve students' adaptation to their lives. Keyword: Internet behavior, Internet addiction, self-concept