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O papel do terceiro facilitador na conciliação de conflitos previdenciários / The role of the third party in the conciliation of pension funds conflicts.Takahashi, Bruno 31 March 2015 (has links)
A conciliação judicial de conflitos previdenciários envolve, em geral, uma proposta de acordo baseada na renúncia pelo indivíduo de parte dos valores do benefício em atraso em um processo no qual a decisão contrária ao entendimento do Instituto Nacional do Segurado Social (INSS) é muito provável. Como regra, há um notório desequilíbrio de poder envolvendo, de um lado, um litigante ocasional (indivíduo) e, de outro, um litigante habitual (INSS). O presente trabalho pretende discutir qual o papel do terceiro facilitador nesse contexto, de modo a legitimar a prática existente e avançar para uma mudança de paradigma. Para tanto, parte-se da tese de que a conciliação deve ser adequada ao conflito que se pretende tratar, cabendo ao terceiro facilitador atuar de acordo com as peculiaridades desse conflito. Desse modo, propõe-se que, para o tratamento do conflito previdenciário, o conceito de conciliador deve ser entendido em termos amplos, abrangendo não apenas o conciliador leigo, mas também o juiz conciliador e o Judiciário como conciliador interinstitucional. Embora cada uma dessas atuações possua características próprias, sustenta-se que o ponto em comum é o respeito a um devido processo legal mínimo que possibilite a existência de uma base adequada de poder e que permita, assim, a tomada de uma decisão informada pelas partes. Dessa forma, a flexibilidade instrumental própria da conciliação não impediria o estabelecimento de parâmetros mínimos da atuação do conciliador. Por isso, tendo como limite a tomada de uma decisão informada, o conciliador atuaria por meio de estratégias variadas, aproximando-se e distanciando-se das partes, com maior ou menor interferência, de acordo com as características do caso apresentado. Conclui-se que, com a atuação conjunta e coordenada das diversas espécies de conciliador é possível aprimorar qualitativamente a conciliação de conflitos previdenciários. / The court-connected conciliation (or evaluative mediation) of pension funds conflicts in Brazil involves, generally, an agreement in which the individual plaintiff waives part of a benefit in a lawsuit that the defendant, a national government agency called Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), will probably loose. As a general rule, there is a significant imbalance of power between a one-shotter (individual) and a repeat player (INSS). The present work aims to discuss the role of the conciliator (or evaluative mediator) in this scenario, in order to legitimate the current practice and to allow a paradigm shift. Firstly, it argues that conciliation should be appropriate to the conflict to be resolved and that the conciliator also should act according to the peculiarities of this conflict. Therefore, it proposed that the definition of conciliator might be enlarged to cover not only the lay person who acts as a conciliator, but also the judge as a conciliator and the Judiciary as an interinstitutional conciliator. Although each specie has its own characteristics, it is argued that the common point is that all must try to guarantee the observance of a minimal due process of law which allows the existence of an adequate basis of power and thus enable parties to make an informed decision. Consequently, the flexibility of the conciliation rules would not prevent the establishment of minimum standards of the conciliator\'s performance. Limited by the aim to allow parties to make an informed decision, the conciliator would act through a variety of strategies. It means being close or far from the parties, interfering in a greater or a smaller level, depending on the characteristics of a particular conflict to be dealt. To sum up, this work concludes that, if the three species of conciliator work together in a coordinated way, it could be possible to have a qualitative improvement in the conciliation of pension funds conflicts.
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O papel do terceiro facilitador na conciliação de conflitos previdenciários / The role of the third party in the conciliation of pension funds conflicts.Bruno Takahashi 31 March 2015 (has links)
A conciliação judicial de conflitos previdenciários envolve, em geral, uma proposta de acordo baseada na renúncia pelo indivíduo de parte dos valores do benefício em atraso em um processo no qual a decisão contrária ao entendimento do Instituto Nacional do Segurado Social (INSS) é muito provável. Como regra, há um notório desequilíbrio de poder envolvendo, de um lado, um litigante ocasional (indivíduo) e, de outro, um litigante habitual (INSS). O presente trabalho pretende discutir qual o papel do terceiro facilitador nesse contexto, de modo a legitimar a prática existente e avançar para uma mudança de paradigma. Para tanto, parte-se da tese de que a conciliação deve ser adequada ao conflito que se pretende tratar, cabendo ao terceiro facilitador atuar de acordo com as peculiaridades desse conflito. Desse modo, propõe-se que, para o tratamento do conflito previdenciário, o conceito de conciliador deve ser entendido em termos amplos, abrangendo não apenas o conciliador leigo, mas também o juiz conciliador e o Judiciário como conciliador interinstitucional. Embora cada uma dessas atuações possua características próprias, sustenta-se que o ponto em comum é o respeito a um devido processo legal mínimo que possibilite a existência de uma base adequada de poder e que permita, assim, a tomada de uma decisão informada pelas partes. Dessa forma, a flexibilidade instrumental própria da conciliação não impediria o estabelecimento de parâmetros mínimos da atuação do conciliador. Por isso, tendo como limite a tomada de uma decisão informada, o conciliador atuaria por meio de estratégias variadas, aproximando-se e distanciando-se das partes, com maior ou menor interferência, de acordo com as características do caso apresentado. Conclui-se que, com a atuação conjunta e coordenada das diversas espécies de conciliador é possível aprimorar qualitativamente a conciliação de conflitos previdenciários. / The court-connected conciliation (or evaluative mediation) of pension funds conflicts in Brazil involves, generally, an agreement in which the individual plaintiff waives part of a benefit in a lawsuit that the defendant, a national government agency called Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), will probably loose. As a general rule, there is a significant imbalance of power between a one-shotter (individual) and a repeat player (INSS). The present work aims to discuss the role of the conciliator (or evaluative mediator) in this scenario, in order to legitimate the current practice and to allow a paradigm shift. Firstly, it argues that conciliation should be appropriate to the conflict to be resolved and that the conciliator also should act according to the peculiarities of this conflict. Therefore, it proposed that the definition of conciliator might be enlarged to cover not only the lay person who acts as a conciliator, but also the judge as a conciliator and the Judiciary as an interinstitutional conciliator. Although each specie has its own characteristics, it is argued that the common point is that all must try to guarantee the observance of a minimal due process of law which allows the existence of an adequate basis of power and thus enable parties to make an informed decision. Consequently, the flexibility of the conciliation rules would not prevent the establishment of minimum standards of the conciliator\'s performance. Limited by the aim to allow parties to make an informed decision, the conciliator would act through a variety of strategies. It means being close or far from the parties, interfering in a greater or a smaller level, depending on the characteristics of a particular conflict to be dealt. To sum up, this work concludes that, if the three species of conciliator work together in a coordinated way, it could be possible to have a qualitative improvement in the conciliation of pension funds conflicts.
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La conciliation en droit administratif colombien / Conciliation under Colombian administrative lawPelaez-Gutierrez, Verónica 20 February 2013 (has links)
La Colombie a connu une période de transformation au cours des deux dernières décennies. L’adoption de la Constitution de 1991 a entraîné des réformes normatives et institutionnelles ; en particulier, elle a conféré un statut constitutionnel aux modes alternatifs de résolution des conflits, a consacré la tutelle comme mécanisme constitutionnel de protection et un catalogue de droits fondamentaux. Le développement du mécanisme de la conciliation en droit administratif colombien commence dans ce contexte et la volonté du gouvernement s’est clairement exprimée dans les différentes réformes normatives faites depuis 1991 pour la promouvoir. Bien que celle-ci ait été organisée par la normativité en vigueur, son efficacité n’est pas garantie, certains facteurs étrangers aux prescriptions normatives empêchant qu’il en soit ainsi. Elle continue d’être un mécanisme qui n’est pas bien compris par les parties et par le conciliateur. En outre, en droit administratif la conciliation est soumise, d’une part, à des formalités particulières, et d’autre part, à des situations propres à la société colombienne comme la violence, l’inégalité sociale et la corruption qui ont des conséquences directes sur son bon fonctionnement, et qui ont justifié les formalités auxquelles elle est soumise pour protéger le patrimoine public. La normativité en vigueur et les dernières réformes en matière de conciliation cherchent à ce que la conciliation soit véritablement un mécanisme efficace et qui permette de résoudre un nombre important de conflits. Mais cela exige un changement de mentalité des intervenants car, en Colombie, la conciliation en droit administratif requiert non seulement un système juridique qui la développe mais aussi une culture conciliatoire qui n’existe pas encore et est en train de se construire. / Colombia has experienced a period of transformation in the last two decades. Adoption of the 1991 Constitution resulted in normative and institutional reforms. Among them, the Constitution gives lawful status to alternative conflict resolution and establishes "la tutela" as a constitutional protective mechanism and a catalog of fundamental rights. The development of conciliation under Colombian administrative law begins in this context, and the will of the government is expressed clearly in several legal reforms enacted since 1991 to promote this mechanism. Conciliation is characterized as an instrument organized and regulated by rules. However, this does not guarantee its effectiveness. External factors influence its functioning. Conciliation under Colombian administrative law continues to be a concept that is inadequately understood by the parties and the conciliator. Moreover, this kind of conciliation is subject first to special formalities and secondly, to specific situations in Colombian society such as violence, social inequality and corruption. These circumstances have direct consequences on the proper functioning of conciliation and justified the formalities imposed on it to protect public property. The latest legal reforms on conciliation under Colombian administrative law are intended to make it an effective mechanism and one that can be used to resolve conflicts on a large scale. However, this requires a change of mind on the part of everyone, because conciliation under Colombian public law imposes not only a legal system for its implementation, but also a conciliatory culture that does not exist in Colombia and is in the process of being constructed.
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