<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger förhåller sig till konflikter mellan elever och vilka modeller de använder sig av för att förebygga och lösa konflikter. Som bakgrund till studien har vi genomfört en litteraturstudie som behandlar ämnet konflikt och orsaker till varför de uppstår. Det är viktigt att som lärare ha grundläggande kunskaper inom konflikter och konfliktlösning, eftersom de dagligen uppstår tvister i skolan. Den undersökningsmetod vi använt oss av består av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi intervjuade sju pedagoger på två olika grundskolor i mellersta Sverige. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna i stort hade samma synsätt på konflikter och konfliktlösning. Det visade likaså att de båda skolorna arbetar förebyggande mot konflikter.</p>

Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons.)) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the relationship between the conflict management styles among senior pastors and the perceived organizational servant leadership tendencies in their churches. This study should help senior pastors to understand how their conflict management styles and servant leadership behaviors may relate to the organizational servant leadership tendencies in their churches so that they may improve the congregational health and effectiveness of their churches. This research presented theological foundation about servant leadership by extracting biblical principles from two Old Testament and six New Testament passages: 1 Samuel 15:22, Micah 6:8, Matthew 5:1-12, 20:20-28, Mark 9:33-37, John 12:20-26, 13:1-35, and Philippians 2:1-11. It was followed by a detailed discussion on the theoretical foundation of servant leadership and the Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA) instrument (Laub 1999) for measuring organizational servant leadership tendency. A theological foundation of conflict management and a discussion on the Rahim Organizational Conflict Instrument II (ROCI-II) (Rahim 2001) for measuring the level of the five interpersonal conflict management styles (integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising) were also provided. The research instrument was a Web-based composite survey that consisted of (1) a 9-item demographic questionnaire, (2) the 28-item ROCI-II Form-C, and (3) the 66-item OLA. The research population was limited to the senior pastors of the 44,848 member churches of the 1,182 associations in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC). With this population, a minimum response rate of 381 surveys was needed for this study to achieving a 95% confidence level with a confidence interval of ±5%. Cluster sampling on the 1,182 SBC associations was used to obtain a smaller but sufficient sample frame of 2,562 churches. A total of 406 usable responses were collected and analyzed. Pearson r was used to analyze the collected data in order to answer the research questions. It was found that (1) there existed a statistically significant, positive, and weak correlation between the level of organizational servant leadership tendency of a church and the integrating style (r = 0.314, p = 0.000); (2) there was no statistically significant correlation between the organizational servant leadership tendency of a church and the obliging style (r = 0.064, p = 0.202); (3) there existed a statistically significant, positive, and very weak correlation between the organizational servant leadership tendency of a church and the compromising style (r = 0.106, p = 0.033); (4) there was no statistically significant correlation between the organizational servant leadership tendency of a church and the dominating style (r = -0.052, p = 0.292); and (5) there existed a statistically significant, inverse, and weak correlation between the organizational servant leadership tendency of a church and the avoiding style (r = -0.200, p = 0.000). The findings implied that as pastors embrace the integrating style and refrain from the avoiding style when handling interpersonal conflict in pastoral ministry, they model Jesus' character directly to the parties involved and indirectly to their congregations. This is discipleship at its core, and it has a positive influence on the servant orientation of their congregations.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger förhåller sig till konflikter mellan elever och vilka modeller de använder sig av för att förebygga och lösa konflikter. Som bakgrund till studien har vi genomfört en litteraturstudie som behandlar ämnet konflikt och orsaker till varför de uppstår. Det är viktigt att som lärare ha grundläggande kunskaper inom konflikter och konfliktlösning, eftersom de dagligen uppstår tvister i skolan. Den undersökningsmetod vi använt oss av består av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi intervjuade sju pedagoger på två olika grundskolor i mellersta Sverige. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna i stort hade samma synsätt på konflikter och konfliktlösning. Det visade likaså att de båda skolorna arbetar förebyggande mot konflikter.

Traditional administrative approaches to conflict in schools tend to be punitive, dominated by Western cultural assumptions, and to disregard students’ cultures. Cultural responsiveness attends to different worldviews while appreciating the impact of one’s own cultural lens. This thesis applies a cultural proficiency framework to analysis of the conflict management practices of administrators in secondary schools in a south-central Ontario school board. Analysis of data from interviews with secondary school administrators, students, school board cultural community liaisons, and school board documents indicate that culturally proficient cross-cultural interactions between administrators and students tended to include relationship-building efforts aimed at learning from and about disputants. In contrast to typical punitive and uncommunicative approaches, cultural proficiency was evident in some elements of alternative participatory or restorative approaches. In combining cultural proficiency with conflict management, this thesis helps to fill a gap in research relevant to equitably serving diverse student populations in southern Ontario schools.

Traditional administrative approaches to conflict in schools tend to be punitive, dominated by Western cultural assumptions, and to disregard students’ cultures. Cultural responsiveness attends to different worldviews while appreciating the impact of one’s own cultural lens. This thesis applies a cultural proficiency framework to analysis of the conflict management practices of administrators in secondary schools in a south-central Ontario school board. Analysis of data from interviews with secondary school administrators, students, school board cultural community liaisons, and school board documents indicate that culturally proficient cross-cultural interactions between administrators and students tended to include relationship-building efforts aimed at learning from and about disputants. In contrast to typical punitive and uncommunicative approaches, cultural proficiency was evident in some elements of alternative participatory or restorative approaches. In combining cultural proficiency with conflict management, this thesis helps to fill a gap in research relevant to equitably serving diverse student populations in southern Ontario schools.

The schools have problems with conflicts and mobbing. One way to deal with this is to focus on the importance of life skills “SET- Social emotional training”. SET is a program that encourages student’s self-awareness, that is, the understanding students have about themselves and how he or she can relate to it and to others. This study aims to examine if life skills in school contribute to student’s ability to reflect and deal with conflicts. The main research questions are: How can life skills, and specifically the SET program help students to reflect about themselves and others in the group?    In which way can the SET-program help students to reflect and deal with conflicts? How can reflection and conflict management using the SET method affect student’s action in school? What are the limitations/ difficulties? The study is a qualitative research based on observation, group interviews with four students and a teacher in 5th grade, in a school south of Stockholm. The theoretical framework emphasises Vygotskij’s description of the relationship between thoughts and feelings and how this affects our action and behavior. The results of the study show that life skills help students to improve their self-awareness by reflecting on their emotions and thoughts. By repeating concepts, students are helped to train their thought and process emotions during lesson time. The study reach the conclusion that life skills/SET help the student to learn something new about themselves and others in their environment. Life skills/SET helps the student to understand changes and manage them by focusing on how to gain new experience of these changes.

Det finns ett tydligt samband mellan konflikter och sjukskrivningar i organisationer. Det är oundvikligt med konflikter i organisationer dock upplevs de av flera som något jobbigt. Det är inte konflikter i sig som är det huvudsakliga problemet utan hur konflikten hanteras. Det ärdärför viktigt för chefer att ha kunskap i konflikthantering. Genom denna undersökning vill vita reda på hur butikschefer inom detaljhandeln arbetar med konflikter och konflikthantering medarbetare emellan. Ordet konflikt betyder oenighet och ses ofta som ett problem i organisationen. Människor har fyra olika basbehov som kommer leda till en konflikt ifall de kränks. De som arbetar med konflikhantering har kommit fram till att alla konflikter har en process som ser i stort sett likadan ut oavsett var den uppstår. Grunden för allt samspel mellan människor är kommunikation och innebär att man delar med sig av tankar, avsikter, känslor och värderingar. För att kunna lösa en konflikt måste den först tydliggöras, därefter analyseras och komma fram till vad den beror på för att sedan bearbetas. Hur chefen tar sig an detta beror på hur denne kombinerar egenintresse respektive samarbetsintresse. För att genomföra undersökningen valdes en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod som bestod av öppna individuella intervjuer med tre butikschefer. Intervjuerna genomfördes i tre olika butiker med olika storlekar samt olika företagsformer. Butikschefens erfarenhet är det mest avgörande för hur konflikthanteringen kommer att se ut, utbildning inom området är till synes betydelselös i konfliktsammanhang. Det kan vara svårt att följa en teoretisk modell då alla konflikter ser olika ut. Det mest avgörande för en konstruktiv konflikthantering är att uppmärksamma konflikten i tid samt att ha en god kommunikation vilket inte kan påpekas nog med gånger. Det finns olika konflikthanteringsstilar som beroende på hur man kombinerar samarbetsintresse och egenintresse väljs i konfliktsituationer. Det mest funktionella skulle kunna vara att kombinerade olika stilarna och anpassa stilen efter hur situationen ser ut. Det är av stor vikt att lösa konflikter så snabbt som möjligt i butiksmiljö för att undvika att kunder påverkas avkonflikten.

Abstract As an island state, Taiwan has developed a delicately close relationship with the resources in the ocean around her. The Pescadores, or commonly known as Penghu, is an archipelago located in the middle of the Taiwan Strait to the southwest of the Taiwan Proper. The waters here are crystal clear with every element there should be to form the best fishing grounds. For example, there are endless intertidal zones rich in crustaceans and sea snails and clams for baby fish of all kinds to feed on, and the coral forests in deeper waters offer perfect shelters for schools and schools of adult fish. However, in recent years, due to over-fishing, the oceanic environment has been rapidly and severely damaged, resources decayed. To retain diversity and vitality for oceanic resources and to make fishing here a permanently maintainable business, establishing oceanic nature preserves is a necessary, urgent thing to do. Nevertheless, restrictions and limitations that would come along with the establishment of nature preserves could very probably cause conflicts in between the fishermen, local public, experts in this field, as well as the local government. The Goal of this research is to derive effective and efficient principles of conflict management. By applying the conflict management mechanism the author offers to the rules of oceanic nature preserves, we should hope that the preserves in Penghu will set an example for the others to come in Taiwan. This research is basically a qualitative study. The¡§structured interview method¡¨ is employed to standardize questions for interviewees to answer or choose to answer. By providing interviewees with the framework of whole idea and asking them to answer similar questions, we can explore deeper into the core of the research. The interviewees include executives of Penghu County Chinwan Marine Protected Area, other officials concerned, experts that care much about Penghu¡¦s oceanic environment, nature protection group members, representatives of the two nearby villages, and the villagers. Besides that, this research also covers some depth study as to the uniqueness and variety of the coral communities in this region. This research has revealed that all people interviewed consider the establishment of the preserve site very important and essential to the preservation of both fishery resources and biological diversity. Out of the seventeen interviewees, thirteen (that is, nearly 80% of the people involved) do not think that the preserve site will do any harm to their interests, while the others do. The biggest conflicts are that the local people in the fishing business are worried about their careers being threatened, that local people have not felt well respected and participated in this public matter, and that there is quite some misunderstanding as to the policy regarding the preserve site. However, the villagers do wish to work this out through such ways of communication as holding hearings, villagers¡¦ meetings, or carrying our surveys. According to the press, this case, being a pre-conflict environmental policy issue in nature, has been experiencing quite some resistance. However, this research reveals that the negative powers are not so strong as reported; the desired balance can be reached when all factors involved have been properly taken into account. For example, by developing eco-tourism, local people can turn their fishing careers into scuba diving coaching, boat rental, or the like to retain their economical competitiveness. Besides, the government can help assemble a community development committee and a patrol squad for the villagers to spontaneously join in. This way, the government and local people can develop a partnership toward mutual profits instead of suffering from conflicts.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2001. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-102).