Much research has been dedicated to the difficulties LGBTQ individuals face. Further, school counselors have been challenged to assist LGBTQ individuals in the school setting. Being aware of the specific issues and being educated about specific ways to assist these individuals enable school counselors to be more effective clinicians (DePaul, Walsh, & Dam, 2009). This article will address three components of counselor preparation and affirmative school counseling interventions: counselor self-awareness, LGBTQ sexual identity development, and LGBTQ-affirmative school climate. For each component, an activity is presented to assist professional school counselors become more LGBTQ-affirmative.

Le présent travail est encadré dans le domaine de la linguistique appliquée de l'espagnol comme langue étrangère (ELE), et plus spécifiquement dans l'enseignement du genre grammatical en ELE. Notre intérêt en tant que enseignants c’est de pouvoir établir une méthode fiable selon les critères du Plan curricular de l'Institut Cervantès et la technique du consciousness-raising, ainsi que élaborer des activités destinées à l'enseignement du genre grammatical dans la classe d’ELE. L'enseignement d'ELE au Québec suit les mêmes méthodes qu'en Europe. En ce qui concerne l'enseignement du genre grammatical, les études consultées ratifient le manque d'instruction pertinente à propos du genre grammatical, ainsi que la difficulté dans la concordance même dans des niveaux avancés. Cependant, l'analyse de manuels d'ELE utilisés dans les diverses institutions de Montréal permet de conclure que ceux-ci ne suivent pas les règles établies par le Plan curricular en ce qui concerne l'enseignement du genre. Pour vérifier ces faits un travail de champ a été mis en place avec 84 étudiants et étudiantes de six institutions de Montréal pendant deux mois et deux semaines. Les résultats de la recherche et l'analyse d'erreurs nous montrent qu’il y a des problèmes avec le genre grammatical chez les étudiants de niveau intermédiaire et que les erreurs ne disparaissent pas avec les activités de renfort créées. Il est donc nécessaire d’adopter une méthode plus appropriée à l'apprentissage du genre grammatical dans une classe d’ELE et la présence du professeur pour la présenter. En effet, l'exécution d'activités créées n'est pas suffisant, car bien que les résultats montrent un léger progrès dans le cas du groupe B, ou d’expérience, en comparaison au groupe A, ou de control, on a constaté qu’une instruction formelle aurait entrainé un meilleur et plus complet apprentissage du genre grammatical dans le cas de nos étudiants; de là la nécessité d'établir une méthode fiable pour son enseignement. / The present work is part of the applied linguistics area; it particularly focuses on the methodology of teaching the grammatical gender in TSFL. Our interest as a teacher is to put together a reliable method, under the criteria of the Plan curricular of the Cervantes Institute and the technique of the consciousness-raising, also to elaborate activities for the teaching of the grammatical gender in Spanish as a Foreign Language SFL class. SFL is thought in Quebec with the same methods as those used in Europe. In regards to the grammatical gender, the consulted studies show the lack of pertinent instruction of the grammatical gender, as well as the difficulty in the assignment of the concordance in advanced levels. The analysis of SFL's manuals used in the diverse institutions of Montreal confirms that they do not follow the guidelines established by the Plan curricular. To verify these facts a two months and two weeks long fieldwork was carried out with 84 students. The students came from six different institutions of Montreal and were, therefore, divided in groups. The research’s results and the Errors’ Analysis confirm the existence of the grammatical gender problems in the students of intermediate level. Furthermore, the research shows that these mistakes do not disappear with reinforcement activities designed. In fact, it is necessary to adopt a method specifically adjusted to the learning of the grammatical gender in a SFL's class. Just as the method, the teacher should take a specific posture when teaching the grammatical gender. As shown by the results of the investigation, the execution of activities is not sufficient. The data demonstrate that the group B - categorized as of experience- has a slight progress in comparison to group A - control. Such results indicate that the formal instruction would have led to a better and more complete learning of the grammatical gender, hence the need to gather a reliable method of teaching. / El presente trabajo se enmarca dentro de la lingüística aplicada, y más específicamente dentro de la enseñanza del género gramatical en ELE. Nuestro interés como docente es poder armar un método confiable, bajo los criterios del Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes y la técnica del consciousness-raising, y elaborar actividades para la enseñanza del género en clase de ELE. La enseñanza de ELE en Quebec sigue los mismos métodos que en Europa. En cuanto a la enseñanza del género gramatical, los estudios consultados muestran tanto la falta de instrucción pertinente sobre el género gramatical, como la dificultad en la asignación de la concordancia en niveles avanzados. El análisis de manuales de ELE utilizados en las diversas instituciones de Montreal confirma que no siguen las pautas establecidas por el Plan curricular. Para comprobar estos hechos se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo con 84 estudiantes, divididos en grupos, de seis instituciones de Montreal durante dos meses y dos semanas. Los resultados de la investigación y el análisis de errores nos muestran que existen problemas de género gramatical en los estudiantes de nivel intermedio y que los errores no desaparecen solo con las actividades de refuerzo diseñadas, es necesario un método más adecuado para el aprendizaje del género gramatical en clase de ELE y la figura del profesor para presentarlo. En efecto, la ejecución de las actividades no es suficiente, pues aunque los resultados del grupo B o de experiencia exhiben un ligero progreso en comparación a los del grupo A o de control, se constata que la instrucción formal hubiera conducido a un mejor y más completo aprendizaje del género gramatical por parte de los estudiantes de la muestra; de ahí la necesidad de armar un método confiable para su enseñanza.

Youth Centres such as Faure Youth Centre provide a challenge to questions such as violence and crime. This qualitative research journey started at Faure Youth Centre using narrative pastoral care and counselling and participatory action research to assist the young people there to find alternative ways of standing against violence and crime. Changing circumstances at Faure however, paved the way for the research to follow another direction. This resulted in different voices to emerge and for my family to receive an unexpected `gift' in the process. The `gift' that my pastoral care and counselling at Faure gave to my family initiated a process of change in us and transformed it into a spiralling journey of challenging patriarchal practices and finding alternative ways of living. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

No description available.

The concepts of intersectionality and interlocking identities came out of needs raised by communities and then academics wrote about it. This dissertation examines these concepts and how these resonate with the ways that feminist educators conceptualize and facilitate non-credit learning processes with women. This research focuses on 10 differently-located feminist educators and the processes they lead that meet a range of learning goals. Specifically, this research examines the learning practices that these educators used to help women learners gain a consciousness around their identity and issues of power and oppression. I then discuss how these practices resonate with the theoretical frameworks of intersecting and interlocking oppressions. Anti-oppression, feminist informed research and feminist standpoint theories informed the research approach. The Critical Appreciative Process, which builds on the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) method, was used to explore what is working within feminist non-credit learning processes. In addition, two case studies were elaborated on in order to examine the learning practices that were particularly successful. The educators reflected on several barriers involved in bringing differently-located women together to explore and address the power dynamics associated with power and oppression. These included the defensiveness, denial and avoidance associated with acknowledging and addressing privilege. The educators also shared effective practices for addressing such barriers. Key practices included creating an environment for difficult conversations, working intergenerationally, using theoretical frameworks to deconstructing interpersonal dynamics occurring in the group and providing tools to draw on everyday experiences and challenge (inappropriate) behaviours. Additionally, specific activities for raising learners’ awareness of their own complex and multiple identities and how these identities are co-constructed through interactions with others were detailed. This study revealed the limitations of intersectionality and interlocking identities frameworks in praxis, as well as the ways in which an awareness of identity, difference and power creates an entry point for intersectional and interlocking awareness that aids feminist movements. This research makes a contribution to strengthening the praxis of feminist educators facilitating non-credit processes. Within feminist theorizing, this research also makes an important contribution in contextualizing intersectionality and interlocking identities frameworks within a range of feminist non-credit learning practices.

The concepts of intersectionality and interlocking identities came out of needs raised by communities and then academics wrote about it. This dissertation examines these concepts and how these resonate with the ways that feminist educators conceptualize and facilitate non-credit learning processes with women. This research focuses on 10 differently-located feminist educators and the processes they lead that meet a range of learning goals. Specifically, this research examines the learning practices that these educators used to help women learners gain a consciousness around their identity and issues of power and oppression. I then discuss how these practices resonate with the theoretical frameworks of intersecting and interlocking oppressions. Anti-oppression, feminist informed research and feminist standpoint theories informed the research approach. The Critical Appreciative Process, which builds on the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) method, was used to explore what is working within feminist non-credit learning processes. In addition, two case studies were elaborated on in order to examine the learning practices that were particularly successful. The educators reflected on several barriers involved in bringing differently-located women together to explore and address the power dynamics associated with power and oppression. These included the defensiveness, denial and avoidance associated with acknowledging and addressing privilege. The educators also shared effective practices for addressing such barriers. Key practices included creating an environment for difficult conversations, working intergenerationally, using theoretical frameworks to deconstructing interpersonal dynamics occurring in the group and providing tools to draw on everyday experiences and challenge (inappropriate) behaviours. Additionally, specific activities for raising learners’ awareness of their own complex and multiple identities and how these identities are co-constructed through interactions with others were detailed. This study revealed the limitations of intersectionality and interlocking identities frameworks in praxis, as well as the ways in which an awareness of identity, difference and power creates an entry point for intersectional and interlocking awareness that aids feminist movements. This research makes a contribution to strengthening the praxis of feminist educators facilitating non-credit processes. Within feminist theorizing, this research also makes an important contribution in contextualizing intersectionality and interlocking identities frameworks within a range of feminist non-credit learning practices.