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<p> Collectivism refers to a tendency to value group membership and collective responsibility. Much of what we know about how collectivism influences team effectiveness is drawn from research that has assumed collectivism to be determined by either cultural contexts (e.g., Hofstede, 1980), or individual differences (e.g., Triandis, Leung, Villareal, & Clack, 1985). Based largely in social psychology, another perspective is emerging in which collectivism is viewed as a group norm within a team. The issue of collectivistic group norms within teams has yet to be examined in relation to team effectiveness outcomes, and may help to explain phenomena that have yet to be fully explained by cultural contexts or individual differences. In a longitudinal study of 60 self-managing teams performing a human resources management simulation, collectivistic group norms was positively associated with collective efficacy and team performance after controlling for the individual difference measure of psychological collectivism. Although psychological collectivism was positively associated with collectivistic group norms, only the two psychological collectivism sub-dimensions of concern and norm acceptance were positively associated with collectivistic group norms while no associations were found between collectivistic group norms and the remaining three sub-dimensions of preference, reliance, and goal priority. Collective efficacy fully mediated the association between collectivistic group norms and team performance. Collectivistic group norm sharedness moderated the associations between collectivistic group norms and collective efficacy, and collectivistic group norms and team performance. This study is among the first to introduce collectivistic group norms to the organizational behaviour literature and to use collectivistic group norm sharedness to account for unique variance in collective efficacy and team performance.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Auditors face strong incentives to execute tasks efficiently and meet deadlines; these conditions are both conducive to – and rewarding of – implemental mindsets. However, an implemental mindset may deprioritize careful analysis and thoughtful decision-making, leading to suboptimal performance and audit quality. Conversely, deliberative mindsets promote critical thinking and open-mindedness – and research suggests auditors in a deliberative mindset perform complex tasks more effectively than auditors in an implemental mindset. Additionally, auditors encounter frequent reminders about the consequences of audit failures. This study examines how these factors (i.e., mindsets and consequence reminders) jointly influence auditors' performance on complex tasks. I predict that consequence reminders will be helpful to auditors in an implemental mindset but counter-productive to auditors in a deliberative mindset. Consistent with theory, results from a 2x2 experiment reveal that undergraduate student participants in a deliberative mindset outperform those in an implemental mindset in an error identification task. However, I find no evidence that a consequence reminder influences performance or moderates the effect of mindsets in this task. My results contribute to the emerging literature on the benefits of deliberative mindsets and can help guide future research in this area.

The primary purpose of the research study was to identify the most common discipline infractions and consequences for Grade 7 and Grade 8 students enrolled in a middle school located in the Mississippi Delta. In addition, the study sought to determine relationships among the common discipline infractions and student performance and the common discipline consequences and student performance on the statewide assessments for English/language arts (ELA) and mathematics by grade level. The study utilized existing data for the Grade 7 and Grade 8 students who had committed one or more disciplinary infractions during the 2017-2018 school year and had ELA and mathematics scores during the 2018-19 school year. The results of the study showed class disruptions, physical aggression, inappropriate language, disorderly conduct, and fighting were the top five disciplinary infractions. Out-of-school suspension (OSS) was the most common consequence for the students. For Grade 7 students, the results of Pearson correlations showed statistically significant relationships existed between grouped infractions (passing gas, being in the wrong location, falsifying notes, pulling a student by his/her leg, and putting a student’s tablet in trash) and ELA scores, and between the same grouped infractions and mathematics scores. For Grade 8 students, there was a statistically significant relationship between students refusing to comply and ELA scores, and students refusing to comply and mathematics scores. In addition, for Grade 7 students, significant relationships existed between 4-day OSSs and ELA scores, and between 4-day OSSs and mathematics scores. For Grade 8 students, statistically significant relationships existed between receiving corporal punishment and ELA scores and alternative school and ELA scores. Further, statistically significant relationships existed between receiving corporal punishment and mathematics scores, and alternative school and mathematics scores for Grade 8 students.

Inherent in the process of marketing is the notion that consumption requires both time and effort. While shopping, consumers may spend time and effort to complete several tasks such as searching for information, traveling to the store?s location, searching for a parking spot, traveling through the store, locating the product they wish to purchase, and completing the checkout process. Convenience is defined as anything that reduces consumer time and effort expenditures and is becoming increasingly important to consumers in the United States. This dissertation provides insight into an emerging consumer need--the need for retail shopping convenience (NRSC). Specifically, this dissertation has four distinct purposes: 1) to examine the nature of the NRSC construct; 2) to investigate time pressure, role overload, various timestyle dimensions, and the willingness to trade money for convenience as antecedents to the NRSC; 3) to examine the role that culture plays in moderating the relationship between selected antecedents and the NRSC; and 4) to identify the consequences and/or retailer benefits of satisfying a consumer?s NRSC. Cross-cultural comparisons were made by examining data collected from two consumer groups--white, non-Hispanic Americans and Mexican Americans. For each respondent, data were collected across three shopping situations: grocery shopping, mall shopping, and online shopping. In an empirical examination of the NRSC, it was found that this consumer need varies across shopping situations. Antecedents significant in influencing this consumer need include time pressure, temporal orientation, planning orientation, and polychronic orientation. Findings show that culture plays an important role in determining the NRSC. When compared to white, non-Hispanic American consumers, Mexican-American consumers experienced more time pressure. In addition, the influence of temporal orientation and polychronic orientation on the NRSC was stronger for Mexican Americans. White, non-Hispanic American consumers were found to have a stronger relationship between planning orientation and the NRSC than Mexican-American consumers. Additional findings confirm the importance of the NRSC to consumers, showing that retailers who satisfy this emerging consumer need are rewarded with higher levels of commitment, stronger repurchase intentions, and positive word-of-mouth communications. Taken together, these findings show the importance of the NRSC in determining consumer behavior.

A conviction is a ramification that extends beyond the correctional facility. An extensive amount of research has explored the barriers the justice-impacted experience once they are released from prison. One of the most immediate and impactful barriers is their ability to secure employment, due to it being quintessential in reducing their likelihood to recidivate and engage in illegal activity post-release. While much research has specifically focused on former prisoners’ ability to secure employment post-release, very limited researched exists that examines how convicted offense impacts employment. Utilizing the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) multi-site impact evaluation as its secondary dataset, the present study aimed to explore the impact violent offenses (non-sex), sex offenses, white-collar offenses, property offenses, drug offenses, and confounding sociodemographic factors have on securing employment three months post-incarceration. This study hypothesized there is a significant association between employment status and convicted offenses/convicted offense types among the justice-impacted, even when accounting for confounding sociodemographic factors. Through binary logistic regression analysis and multiple imputations, the results from the study reveal statistical significance for the relationship between convicted offenses (assault, car theft, drug dealing, drug possession, and forgery), convicted offense types (drug and white-collar), and confounding sociodemographic factors (age, education, and race) with employment 3 months post-incarceration. It is hoped these results reveal how stifling deficits are to securing employment for the justice-impacted, and the need for further policy and programming application to decrease these challenges.

Yes / Internet and social media have created new opportunities and challenges for marketing practices. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the unanticipated consequences of interactive marketing. The current study focuses on a number of aspects of interactive marketing research such as consumer-to-consumer and consumer-to-company communications, consumer brand engagement, impact of social influencers and online buzz, impact of online advertisement, companies adoption and use of new technologies by companies, consumer empowerment by digital technologies, complain handling, impact of mobile advertising, co-creation, and impact of social media marketing. This research provides a valuable synthesis of the relevant literature. The findings of this study could be used as an informative framework for both academics and practitioners.

Background Global teams are considered an emerging topic in the international management literature. Empirical studies conducted in this field include studies on trust, communication, team relationships, conflicts over distance and leadership. Also, the topic of employee relocation has been extensively researched in the international management literature. Despite the fact that relocations in global teams occur in practices, both topics have yet to be researched together. This paper intends to fill this research gap and study both topics together. Aim This paper aims to investigate the consequences of employee relocation in global teams using a multi-stakeholder perspective. Methodology A qualitative study was conducted with eight individuals working in the same global company which operates in the financial services industry and is headquartered in London, UK. Out of the eight participants, five worked in the same global team. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate the consequences of relocation in global teams from different perspectives. Findings A thematic analysis of the data revealed four main categories of relocation consequences that are acknowledged across the different stakeholders interviewed for this study: work redistribution, resource management, vulnerable team relationships and shift in communication. Despite a common acknowledgement of the consequences, the study showed that discrepancies between the stakeholders’ views on the consequences affected the way the team handled them. By contextualizing the results around a role, the multi-stakeholder perspective exposed different scopes of awareness on the impacts of the relocation consequences. This inferred that individuals showed a certain level of subjectivity influencing their scope of awareness on the impacts of the consequences of relocations.

(in English) The aim of this diploma thesis is to map and analyse psychosocial consequences of over-indebtedness and to emphasize on importace komplex solution considering to all aspect. In the introduction of theoretical part are defined professional terms. The other chapters are focused on history of over-indebtedness, the issue of over-indebtedness in the Czech Republic and several other European countries, the providers and the types of financial products, the conditions under which the debt arises, causes of over- indebtedness, the development phase of the debt, insolvency and related legislation. The theoretical part is also focused on dept issue in social work, specifically on providers social services for over-indebtedness people and social services for over-indebtedness people. Followed by a chapter focused on prevention over-indebtedness and chaptes focused on psychosocial consequences. To achieve an aim was used the qualitative research method, specifically questionnaire of half-structured interviews technique. Followed by case reports of respondents, interpretation and analysis of data, discussion and suggestions and recommendations.

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