CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho apresentamos uma classificaÃÃo das hipersuperficies rotacionais com curvatura escalar constante nas formas espaciais devida a M. Leite / In this work we present a classification theorem for the rotational hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in the space forms due to M.Leite

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho à apresentar um teorema que caracteriza os solitons gradiente rÃgidos para caso nÃo compacto. Como aplicaÃÃo provaremos que os solitons gradiente homogÃneos sÃo rÃgidos e apresentaremos um exemplar de soliton de Ricci que nÃo pode ser gradiente. / Our goal in this work is to present a theorem which characterizes the gradient solitons rigid for non-compact case. As an application we prove that the homogeneous gradient solitons are rigid and provide an example of the Ricci soliton can not be gradient.

Foi provado por Byde que é possível adicionar um fim do tipo Delaunay a uma variedade compacta não degenerada de curvatura escalar constante positiva; desde que ela seja localmente conformemente plana em alguma vizinhança do ponto de colagem. A variedade resultante é não-compacta e possui a mesma curvatura escalar constante. O principal objetivo desta tese é generalizar este resultado. Construiremos uma família a um parâmetro de soluções para o problema de Yamabe singular positivo em qualquer variedade compacta não degenerada cujo tensor de Weyl anula-se até uma ordem suficientemente grande no ponto singular. Se a dimensão da variedade é no máximo 5; nenhuma condição sobre o tensor de Weyl é necessária. Usaremos técnicas de pertubação e o método de colagem. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: It has been showed by Byde [5] that it is possible to attach a Delaunay type end to a compact nondegenerate manifold of positive constant scalar curvature, provided it is locally conformally flat in a neighborhood of the attaching point. The resulting manifold is noncompact with the same constant scalar curvature. The main goal of this thesis is to generalize this result. We will construct a one-parameter family of solutions to the positive singular Yamabe problem for any compact non-degenerate manifold with Weyl tensor vanishing to suciently high order at the singular point. If the dimension is at most 5, no condition on the Weyl tensor is needed. We will use perturbation techniques and gluing methods.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T11:21:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Cid Dias Ferraz Machado - 2014.pdf: 1785087 bytes, checksum: 2f0dd6f0844c3aa992b9eaf248f40ed4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T11:22:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Cid Dias Ferraz Machado - 2014.pdf: 1785087 bytes, checksum: 2f0dd6f0844c3aa992b9eaf248f40ed4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-13T11:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Cid Dias Ferraz Machado - 2014.pdf: 1785087 bytes, checksum: 2f0dd6f0844c3aa992b9eaf248f40ed4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this work we present a study of a class of oriented hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space satisfying a special linear relation between the rth mean curvatures which is based on a Walterson Ferreira and Pedro Roitman’s article, where this class is characterized by a harmonic map derived from the two hyperbolic Gauss maps.We also show the relation of such hypersufaces with solutions of the equation Du+kun+2 n􀀀2 = 0, where k 2 f􀀀1;0;1g. / Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo de uma classe de hipersuperfícies orientadas no espaço hiperbólico satisfazendo uma relação linear especial entre as r-ésimas curvaturas médias, baseado no trabalho de Walterson Ferreira e Pedro Roitman, onde esta classe é caracterizada por uma aplicação harmônica derivada das duas aplicações hiperbólicas de Gauss. Também mostramos a relação de tais hipersuperfícies com as soluções da equação Du+kun+2 n􀀀2 = 0, onde k 2 f􀀀1;0;1g.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Esta tese està composta de quatro partes distintas. Na primeira parte, vamos dar uma nova caracterizaÃÃo da esfera euclidiana como a Ãnica variedade Riemanniana compacta com curvatura escalar constante e admitindo um campo de vetores conforme nÃo trivial que à tambÃm Ricci conforme. Na segunda parte, provaremos algumas propriedades dos quase sÃlitons de Ricci, as quais permitem estabelecer condiÃÃes de rigidez desses objetos, bem como caracterizar as estruturas de quase sÃlitons de Ricci gradiente na esfera euclidiana. ImersÃes isomÃtricas tambÃm serÃo consideradas; classificaremos os quase sÃlitons de Ricci imersos em formas espaciais, atravÃs de uma condiÃÃo algÃbrica sobre a funÃÃo sÃliton. AlÃm disso, vamos caracterizar, atravÃs de uma condiÃÃo sobre o operador de umbilicidade, as hipersuperfÃcies n-dimensionais de uma forma espacial, com curvatura mÃdia constante, tendo duas curvaturas principais distintas e com multiplicidades p e n - p. Na terceira parte, provaremos um resultado de rigidez e algumas fÃrmulas integrais para uma mÃtrica m-quasi-Einstein generalizada compacta. Na Ãltima parte, vamos apresentar uma relaÃÃo entre a curvatura gaussiana e o Ãngulo de contato de superfÃcies imersas na esfera euclidiana tridimensional,a qual permite concluir que a superfÃcie à plana, se o Ãngulo de contato for constante. AlÃm disso, deduziremos que o toro de Clifford à a Ãnica superfÃcie compacta com curvatura mÃdia constante tendo tal propriedade. / This thesis is composed of four distinct parts. In the first part, we shall give a new characterization of the Euclidean sphere as the only compact Riemannian manifold with constant scalar curvature carrying a conformal vector eld non-trivial which is also Ricci conformal. In the second part, we shall prove some properties of almost Ricci solitons, which allow us to establish conditions for rigidity of these objects, as well as characterize the structures of gradient almost Ricci soliton in Euclidean sphere. Isometric immersions also will be considered, we shall classify almost Ricci solitons immersed in space forms, through algebraic condition on soliton function. Furthermore, we characterize under a condition of the umbilicity operator, n-dimensional hypersurfaces in a space form with constant mean curvature, admitting two distinct principal curvatures with multiplicities p and n - p. In the third part, we prove a result of rigidity and some integral formulae for a compact generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric. In the last part, we present a relation between the Gaussian curvature and the contact angle of surfaces immersed in Euclidean three-dimensional sphere, which allows us to conclude that such a surface is at provided its contact angle is constant. Moreover, we deduce that Clifford tori are the unique compact surfaces with constant mean curvature having such property.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions des questions de stabilité géométrique pour des variétés kähleriennes à courbure scalaire constante (cscK) avec classe de cohomologie transcendante. En tant que point de départ, nous introduisons des notions généralisées de K-stabilité, étendant une image classique introduite par G. Tian et S. Donaldson dans le cadre des variétés polarisées. Contrairement à la théorie classique, ce formalisme nous permet de traiter des questions de stabilité pour des variétés kähleriennes compactes non projectives ainsi que des variétés projectives munis de polarisations non rationnelles. Dans une première partie, nous étudions les rayons sous-géodésiques associés aux configurations tests dites cohomologiques, objets introduitent dans cette thèse. Nous établissons ainsi des formules fondamentales pour la pente asymptotique d'une famille de fonctionnelles d'énergie, le long de ces rayons géodésiques. Ceci est lié au couplage de Deligne en géométrie algébrique, et ce formalise permet en particulier de comprendre le comportement asymptotique d'un grand nombre de fonctionnelles d'énergie classiques en géométrie kählerienne, y compris la fonctionnelle d'Aubin-Mabuchi et la K-énergie. En particulier, ceci fournit une approche pluripotentielle naturelle pour étudier le comportement asymptotique des fonctionnelles d'énergie dans la théorie de K-stabilité. En s'appuyant sur cette première partie, nous démontrons ensuite un certain nombre de résultats de stabilité pour les variétés cscK. Tout d'abord, nous prouvons que les variétés cscK sont K-semistables dans notre sens généralisé, prolongeant ainsi un résultat dû à Donaldson dans le cadre projectif. En supposant que le groupe d'automorphisme est discret, nous montrons en outre que la K-stabilité est une condition nécessaire pour l'existence des métriques cscK sur des variétés kähleriennes compactes. Plus précisément, nous prouvons que la coercivité de la K-énergie implique la K-stabilité uniforme, ainsi généralisant des résultats de Mabuchi, Stoppa, Berman, Dervan et Boucksom-Hisamoto-Jonsson pour des variétés polarisées. Cela donne une preuve nouvelle et plus générale d'une direction de la conjecture Yau-Tian-Donaldson dans ce contexte. L'autre direction (suffisance de K-stabilité) est considérée comme l'un des problèmes ouverts les plus importants en géométrie kählerienne. Nous donnons enfin des résultats partiels dans le cas des variétés kähleriennes compactes qui admettent des champs de vecteurs holomorphes non triviaux. Nous discutons également autour des perspectives et applications de notre théorie de K-stabilité pour les variétés kähleriennes avec classe transcendante, notamment à l'étude des lieux de stabilité dans le cône de Kähler. / In this thesis we are interested in questions of geometric stability for constant scalar curvature Kähler (cscK) manifolds with transcendental cohomology class. As a starting point we develop generalized notions of K-stability, extending a classical picture for polarized manifolds due to G. Tian, S. Donaldson, and others, to the setting of arbitrary compact Kähler manifolds. We refer to these notions as cohomological K-stability. By contrast to the classical theory, this formalism allows us to treat stability questions for non-projective compact Kähler manifolds as well as projective manifolds endowed with non-rational polarizations. As a first main result and a fundamental tool in this thesis, we study subgeodesic rays associated to test configurations in our generalized sense, and establish formulas for the asymptotic slope of a certain family of energy functionals along these rays. This is related to the Deligne pairing construction in algebraic geometry, and covers many of the classical energy functionals in Kähler geometry (including Aubin's J-functional and the Mabuchi K-energy functional). In particular, this yields a natural potential-theoretic aproach to energy functional asymptotics in the theory of K-stability. Building on this foundation we establish a number of stability results for cscK manifolds: First, we show that cscK manifolds are K-semistable in our generalized sense, extending a result due to S. Donaldson in the projective setting. Assuming that the automorphism group is discrete we further show that K-stability is a necessary condition for existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics on compact Kähler manifolds. More precisely, we prove that coercivity of the Mabuchi functional implies uniform K-stability, generalizing results of T. Mabuchi, J. Stoppa, R. Berman, R. Dervan as well as S. Boucksom, T. Hisamoto and M. Jonsson for polarized manifolds. This gives a new and more general proof of one direction of the Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture in this setting. The other direction (sufficiency of K-stability) is considered to be one of the most important open problems in Kähler geometry. We finally give some partial results in the case of compact Kähler manifolds admitting non-trivial holomorphic vector fields, discuss some further perspectives and applications of the theory of K-stability for compact Kähler manifolds with transcendental cohomology class, and ask some questions related to stability loci in the Kähler cone.