This thesis proposes a new algorithm for multi-constrained Quality of Service Optimal Path Routing in the context of military applications. The objective of our routing algorithm is to manage network traffic according to quality of service requirements of connection requests using military metrics. The algorithm is mainly based on communication priority. The QoS metrics such as bandwidth, delay and packet loss ratio are considered as basic metrics on path finding. If there is no suitable path for the request, some existing connections with lower priorities may be broken to make space for a higher priority level connection request. In this case, priority and bandwidth are used as decisive metrics in cost computation

A short oligonucleotide sequence as in a single-stranded antisense oligo nucleotides (AON) or in double-stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNA) can modulate the gene expression by targeting against the cellular mRNA, which can be potentially exploited for therapeutic purposes in the treatment of different diseases. In order to improve the efficacy of oligonucleotide-based drugs, the problem of target affinity, nuclease stability and delivery needs to be addressed. Chemical modifications of oligonucleotides have been proved to be an effective strategy to counter some of these problems. In this thesis, chemical synthesis of conformationally constrained nucleosides such as 7′-Me-carba-LNA-A, -G, -MeC and -T as well as 6′, 7′-substituted α-L-carba-LNA-T (Papers I-III) was achieved through a key free-radical cyclization. 1D and 2D NMR techniques were employed to prove the formation of bicyclic ring system by free-radical ring closure as well as to identify the specific constrained conformations in sugar moieties. These sugar-locked nucleosides were transformed to the corresponding phosphoramidites and incorporated into antisense oligonucleotides in different sequences, to evaluate their physicochemical and biochemical properties for potential antisense-based therapeutic application. AONs modified with 7′-Me-carba-LNA analogues exhibited higher RNA affinities (plus 1-4°C/modification) (Papers I & III), but AONs containing α-L-carba-LNA analogues showed decreased affinities (minus 2-3°C/ modification) (Paper II) towards complementary RNA compared to the native counterpart.  It has been demonstrated in Papers I-III that 7′-methyl substitution in α-L-carba-LNA caused the Tm drop due to a steric clash of the R-configured methyl group in the major groove of the duplex, whereas 7′-methyl group of carba-LNA locating in the minor groove of the duplex exerted no obviously negative effect on Tms, regardless of its orientation. Moreover, AONs containing 7′-Me-carba-LNA and α-L-carba-LNA derivatives were found to be nucleolytically more stable than native AONs, LNA modified AONs as well as α-L-LNA modified ones (Papers I-III). We also found in Paper II & III that the orientations of OH group in C6′ of α-L-carba-LNAs and methyl group in C7′ of 7′-Me-carba-LNAs can significantly influence the nuclease stabilities of modified AONs. It was proved that the methyl substitution in cLNAs which points towards the vicinal 3′-phosphate were more resistant to nuclease degradation than that caused by the methyl group pointing away from 3′-phosphate. Additionally, AONs modified with 7′-Me-carba-LNAs and α-L-carba-LNAs were found to elicit the RNase H mediated RNA degradation with comparable or higher rates (from 2-fold to 8-fold higher dependent upon the modification sites) as compared to the native counterpart. We also found that the cleavage patterns and rates by E. coli RNase H1 were highly dependent upon the modification sites in the AON sequences, regardless of the structural features of modifications (Papers II & III). Furthermore, we have shown that the modulations of Tms of AON/RNA duplexes are directly correlated with the aqueous solvation (Paper III).

The 4th generation wireless communication systems aim to provide users with the convenience of seamless roaming among heterogeneous wireless access networks. To achieve this goal, the support of vertical handoff is important in mobility management. This thesis focuses on the vertical handoff decision algorithm, which determines the criteria under which vertical handoff should be performed. The problem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process. The objective is to maximize the expected total reward of a connection subject to the expected total access cost constraint. In our model, a benefit function is used to assess the quality of the connection, and a penalty function is used to model the signaling incurred and call dropping. The user's velocity and location information are also considered when making the handoff decisions. The policy iteration and Q-learning algorithms are employed to determine the optimal policy. Structural results on the optimal vertical handoff policy are derived by using the concept of supermodularity. We show that the optimal policy is a threshold policy in bandwidth, delay, and velocity. Numerical results show that our proposed vertical handoff decision algorithm outperforms other decision schemes in a wide range of conditions such as variations on connection duration, user's velocity, user's budget, traffic type, signaling cost, and monetary access cost.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 3, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-72).

Univ., Diss.--Bern, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lc_me_sjrp.pdf: 396347 bytes, checksum: ca82fc898986cf42e0fa521d8f9ab63c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho, estudamos as famíılias de sistemas forçados com superfície de impasse regular, as formas normais de seus pontos “típicos”bem como seus retratos de fase. Vemos ainda alguns resultados sobre a genericidade desses pontos e a estabilidade estrutural de um sistema forçado. Abordamos o tema de uma forma simples: apresentamos o que é um sistema forçado e uma família de sistemas forçados para depois estudar as formas normais de seus pontos “típicos” através de dois campos de direções, os quais se tornam fundamentais para o assunto. Utilizamos o Teorema de Peixoto (adaptado para este assunto) como norte para dar as características de um sistema forçado estruturalmente estável. No capítulo 3, damos a estratificação da superfície de impasse e, como resultado final, vemos que esta estratificação é genérica (no conjunto de todas as famílias de sistemas forçados). / In this work we study the families of constrained systems with regular impasse surface, the normal forms of its “typical”points and the respectively phase portrait. We see some results about the genericity of these points and the structural stability of a constrained system. We broach the theme in a simple way: we introduce a constrained system and a family of a constrained systems, and so, we study the normal forms of its “typical”points through two line fields, which become essential for the subject. We use the Peixoto’s Theorem (adapted for this subject) to characterize a structural stable of constrained systems. In the chapter 3, we make a stratification of the impasse surface and, as a last result, we see that stratification is genericity (in the set of all families of constrained systems).

Este trabalho estuda o problema de seleção de carteiras de variância mínima com base em uma recente metodologia para otimização de carteiras com restrições nas normas das exposições brutas proposta por Fan, Zhang e Yu (2012). Para esse propósito, consideram-se diferentes estimadores da matriz de covariâncias condicional e incondicional. A grande contribuição deste artigo é de natureza empírica para o mercado de ações brasileiro. Avaliam-se índices de desempenho fora da amostra das carteiras construídas para um conjunto de 61 ações negociadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa). Os resultados mostraram que as restrições nas normas dos vetores de alocação (restrição de exposição bruta) geram ganhos substanciais em relação às carteiras restringidas para venda a descoberto, aumentando o retorno médio ajustado pelo risco e diminuindo o turnover dos portfólios. / This paper studies the problem of minimum variance portfolio selection based on a recent methodology for portfolio optimization restricting the allocation vector proposed by Fan, Zhang e Yu (2012). To achieve this, different conditional and inconditional covariance matrix estimators are considered. The great contribuition of this paper is one of empirical nature for the brazilian stock market. We evaluate out-of-sample performance indexes for the portfolios constructed for a set with 61 different sotcks traded in the São Paulo stock exchange (BM&FBovespa). The results show that the restrictions on the norms of the allocation vector generate substantial gains compared to the no short-sale portfolio, raising the average return adjusted by the risk and lowering the portfolio turnover.

Submitted by Anderson Nogueira (andsogueira@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-08T21:06:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Anderson.pdf: 1337697 bytes, checksum: 95996aacf55769a399e7a2c11a2a1e5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-09T18:28:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_aa_dr_ift.pdf: 1337697 bytes, checksum: 95996aacf55769a399e7a2c11a2a1e5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T18:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_aa_dr_ift.pdf: 1337697 bytes, checksum: 95996aacf55769a399e7a2c11a2a1e5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a dinâmica quântica de interação entre partículas escalares e vetoriais e estudar o equilíbrio termodinâmico dessas partículas no ensemble gran-canônico. A dinâmica de interação, escrita em uma linguagem covariante entre o campo de matéria (escalar) e o campo intermediador de interação (vetorial), apresenta uma simetria de calibre local, U(1) no caso quântico e SO(4) no equilíbrio termodinâmico. Sendo assim dividimos o trabalho em dois setores. No primeiro setor analisamos sistematicamente a interação quântica entre partículas escalares (mésons) e partículas vetoriais (fótons) no contexto da eletrodinâmica quântica escalar generalizada de Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (GSDKP). Para isso quantizamos a teoria, utilizando uma abordagem funcional. Construímos a estrutura Hamiltoniana do sistema seguindo a metodologia de Dirac, o procedimento de Faddeev-Senjanovic para obter a amplitude de transição no calibre de Coulomb generalizado e o método de Faddeev-Popov-DeWitt para escrever a amplitude de transição anterior de maneira covariante na condição de calibre no-mixing. Daí, escrevendo o funcional gerador via Schwinger, as equações de Schwinger-Dyson (SD) e as identidades de Ward-Takahashi (WT) são obtidas. Como introdução à análise das correções radiativas, fizemos um cálculo quantitativo para ver os tipos de divergências superficiais (ultravioleta) que poderiam aparecer na teoria. Depois apresentamos um cálculo explícito das primeiras correções radiativas (1-laço) associadas ao propagador do fóton, propagador do méson, vértice e, estudamos a função de 4 pontos (fóton-fóton) utilizando o método de regularização dimensional, em que a simetria de calibre é manifesta. Como veremos, uma consequência do estudo é que a álgebra de DKP assegura o funcionamento das identidades de WT nas primeiras correções radiativas proibindo certas divergências no ultravioleta. Com o conhecimento das divergências no ultravioleta (UV) e no infravermelho (IV) abordadas nas correções radiativas, estabelecemos o Programa de Renormalização multiplicativo para esta teoria na camada de massa. O fato do propagador do campo escalar possuir uma nova estrutura divergente na massa de Podolsky nos levou a analisar as correções radiativas a 2-laços. Do propagador do fóton definimos o tensor de polarização e com este, de maneira fenomenológica, analisando o comportamento assintótico das funções de Green para altos momentos, abordamos a dependência da constante de estrutura com a escala de energia. No segundo setor estudamos o Formalismo de Matsubara-Fradkin (MF) para descrever campos em equilíbrio termodinâmico. Para isso foi necessário construir as equações em equilíbrio termodinâmico que descrevessem o setor escalar e vetorial e a posteriori extrair a função de partição. Ao construir o setor vetorial, percebemos o surgimento e a importância dos campos fantasmas e sua conexão com a simetria de Bechi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST). No caso da escolha de calibre covariante no-mixing, foi necessário contornar o surgimento de uma estrutura pseudo-diferencial. Analisando a função de partição associada aos fótons livres de Podolsky via método dos parâmetros fictícios, percebemos o fato da simetria BRST assegurar que a função de partição não depende das escolhas covariantes ao fixarmos o calibre. As condições de Lorenz, no-mixing e Lorenz generalizado são amarradas pela simetria BRST e esse fato está contido em uma afirmação geral em teorias de calibre a temperatura finita, atribuída ao trabalho de Tyutin, de que a física não depende das escolhas de calibre, covariantes ou não, devido a simetria BRST. Por fim, com a funções de partição em mãos, construímos as equações de Schwinger-Dyson-Fradkin (SDF) e as identidades de Ward-Takahashi-Fradkin (WTF) em equilíbrio termodinâmico. / This work has as aim to explore the quantum dynamics of interaction between scalar and vectorial particles and to study the thermodynamic equilibrium of these particles in the gran-canonical ensemble. The dynamics of interaction, written in a covariance language, between the matter field (scalar) and the field that intermediate the interaction (vectorial) exhibit a local gauge symmetry, U(1) in a quantum case and SO(4) in a thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore we divided the work into two sections. In the first section we analyze systematically the quantum interaction between the scalar particles (mesons) and vectorial particles (photons) in the context of the generalized scalar Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau quantum electrodynamics (GSDKP). For this we use the functional approach to quantize the theory. We built the hamiltonian structure by the Dirac methodology, utilize the Faddeev-Senjanovic procedure to obtain the transition amplitude in the generalized Coulomb gauge and the Faadeev-Popov-DeWitt method to write the covariant form of the previously amplitude in the no-mixing gauge condition. Then writing the functional generator by Schwinger, the Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equations and the Ward-Takahashi (WT) identities are obtained. As an introductory analysis to the first radiative corrections we make a quantitative calculus to see the types of ultraviolet (UV) superficial divergences that appear in the theory. After this we show an explicit calculation of the first radiative corrections (1-loop) associated with the photon propagator, meson propagator, vertex and the 4 point function (photon-photon) utilizing the dimensional regularization method, where the gauge symmetry is manifest. As we will see one of the consequences of the study is that the DKP algebra ensures the functioning of the WT identities in the first radiative corrections prohibiting certain UV divergences. With the knowledge of the UV divergences and de infrared (IR) addressed in the radiative corrections we established the multiplicative renormalization procedure to this theory in the mass shell. The fact that the meson propagator has a new divergence structure in terms of the Podolsky mass took us to analyze the radiative correction at 2-loops. With the photon propagator we define the polarization tensor and in a phenomenological manner, analyzing the asymptotic behavior of Green's functions for higher momentum, we derive the dependence of the structure constant by the scale of energy. In the second section we study the Matsubara-Fradkin (MF) formalism to describe fields in thermodynamical equilibrium. For this it was necessary to construct the equations in thermodynamic equilibrium that describe the scalar sector and vectorial sector and then extract the partition function. When we construct the vectorial sector we realize the emergence and the importance of the ghost fields and their connection to the Bechi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) symmetry. In the case of the no-mixing gauge condition was necessary to contour a pseudo-differential structure. Analyzing the free partition function associated with the free Podolsky photons by the method of fictitious parameters we realize that the BRST symmetry ensures that it does not depend of the covariant choices when we fix de gauge. The Lorenz condition, no-mixing and generalized Lorenz are tied by the BRST symmetry and this fact is contained in a general statement in gauge theories at finite temperature, assigned by Tyutin work, that the physics doesn't depend of the gauge choices, covariant or not, due to BRST symmetry. Lastly, with the partition function in hands, we construct the Schwinger-Dyson-Fradkin (SDF) and the Ward-Takahashi-Fradkin (WTF) in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Orientador: Paulo Ricardo da Silva / Banca: João Carlos da Rocha Medrado / Banca: João Carlos Ferreira Costa / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos as famíılias de sistemas forçados com superfície de impasse regular, as formas normais de seus pontos "típicos"bem como seus retratos de fase. Vemos ainda alguns resultados sobre a genericidade desses pontos e a estabilidade estrutural de um sistema forçado. Abordamos o tema de uma forma simples: apresentamos o que é um sistema forçado e uma família de sistemas forçados para depois estudar as formas normais de seus pontos "típicos" através de dois campos de direções, os quais se tornam fundamentais para o assunto. Utilizamos o Teorema de Peixoto (adaptado para este assunto) como norte para dar as características de um sistema forçado estruturalmente estável. No capítulo 3, damos a estratificação da superfície de impasse e, como resultado final, vemos que esta estratificação é genérica (no conjunto de todas as famílias de sistemas forçados). / Abstract:In this work we study the families of constrained systems with regular impasse surface, the normal forms of its "typical"points and the respectively phase portrait. We see some results about the genericity of these points and the structural stability of a constrained system. We broach the theme in a simple way: we introduce a constrained system and a family of a constrained systems, and so, we study the normal forms of its "typical"points through two line fields, which become essential for the subject. We use the Peixoto's Theorem (adapted for this subject) to characterize a structural stable of constrained systems. In the chapter 3, we make a stratification of the impasse surface and, as a last result, we see that stratification is genericity (in the set of all families of constrained systems). / Mestre