Producing steel causes 6% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Experts recommend that these emissions are reduced by half by the year 2050 in order to avert the worst consequences of climate change. Demand for steel is predicted to double in the next 36 years, meaning that a 75% reduction in emissions per unit of steel produced is necessary to reach the recommended limit. Process efficiency improvements cannot deliver this magnitude of reduction; however if steel is used more efficiently so that less new material is required to deliver the same service - a concept termed 'material efficiency' - then this could allow demand to be satisfied whilst emissions targets are achieved. Construction is the single largest use of steel globally, therefore using steel more efficiently in construction will reduce emissions. Three material efficiency strategies are identified as having most potential for this industry: using less material, using products for longer, and reusing components. In order to prioritise areas for research, steel flows into construction are mapped, finding that industrial buildings and utility infrastructure are the largest users of steel, while superstructure is confirmed as the main use of steel in a typical building. To estimate the potential to use less steel in buildings, 23 steel-frame designs are studied, sourced from three leading design consultancies. The utilisation of each element is found and the building datasets are analysed to infer the amount of steel over-provided. The results suggest that such buildings contain almost twice as much steel as necessary for structural performance, and indicate that this amount of over-provision occurs to minimise labour costs, which are a larger proportion of total costs than materials. To investigate how buildings and infrastructure could be used for longer, reasons for their failure are reviewed. Based on interviews with industry professionals a set of strategies is proposed, tailored to each failure cause and distinguishing between cases where failure can and cannot be reasonably foreseen. Steel sections could be reclaimed from old buildings and reused in new buildings but this does not occur because they are damaged during demolition. Designing for deconstruction would facilitate reuse but is not practised due to its cost. Data from interviews and a commercial working group are analysed to identify three aspects of designing for deconstruction that provide financial and operational benefits to clients, thus encouraging their use. One remaining technical barrier to deconstruction is composite steel-concrete systems, where welded connectors make it impractical to separate the steel beam from the concrete slab without damage. A novel bolted composite connector is proposed and tested in three beam experiments. The bolted connector allows successful separation of the components, facilitating reuse. Its structural performance is similar to that of welded connectors and can be predicted using current design standards. Each of the investigations reveals significant opportunities to reduce steel use in construction by using material more efficiently. Achieving these savings would reduce demand for new steel production and thereby decrease carbon dioxide emissions.

In the year of 2012, a police project called “REVA” was established in Sweden. The goal was to increase efficiency in deporting undocumented migrants from Sweden. Two articles relating to the project were published in Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter. One was an open letter to Attorney General Beatrice Ask, written by the famous author Jonas Hassen Khemiri. The other one was a response to Khemiri’s letter, written by Secretary of state and drama director Jasenko Selimovic. The objective of this essay is to perform a rhetorical analysis of these two articles in order to examine how they are constructed to achieve their persuasive goals. Mainly, I am interested in exploring if Selimovic’s persuasive strategies can be regarded as direct counter-strategies to those of Khemiri. I am also interested in exploring to what extent Selimovic’s strategies deal with the specific problems he faces: countering an effective text with a demonstrable rhetorical power, authored by a writer with a contextually strong ethos - and doing so without harming his own ethos. Through using a theory of argumentation as well as a specially designed theoretical model for persuasive strategies “in both directions”, the analysis shows that Selimovic’s main approach was to directly confront the persuasive strategies used by Khemiri in order to make the latter appear too closely focused on subjective emotional experiences and blind to a wider perspective. Theoretically, this approach could be expected to work well in deconstructing an uneven ethos position, but due to Selimovic’s overly confrontational argumentation style, it rather had the opposite effect, making Selimovic appear too skeptical, critical and unwilling to stay on topic.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-02-07T17:10:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel de Lourdes Quinta Mendes.pdf: 806665 bytes, checksum: dd233fc592178c224ee4ca53f72a3844 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel de Lourdes Quinta Mendes.pdf: 806665 bytes, checksum: dd233fc592178c224ee4ca53f72a3844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / This work of dissertation presents the deconstruction of borders in O outro pé da sereia (2006), of Mia Couto. The language denotes words that rename names and the own history of characters who live the tradition and/or revisit their roots in Mozambican land. The multiple meanings of the words allow us to affirm that life and death, space and time, and the symbols of nature such as water, fire, earth and air represent the breaking of boundaries. Protagonists seem to be alive and dead, the locus formerly and Vila Longe is the starting and finishing point of the journey which consists in the revelation of the interiority of man. The discourse reflects the zigzag constructed in the fragmented literary narrative between past (1560) and present (2002). The space-time dimension shows the imaginary that emerges in the culture, religiosity and history of Mozambique. The journey to liberation itself contains multiple travelers from various parts of the world. Thus, the memories resize the process of border movement. / Este trabalho de dissertação apresenta a desconstrução de fronteiras em O outro pé da sereia (2006), de Mia Couto. A linguagem denota palavras que ressignificam nomes e a própria história de personagens que vivem a tradição e/ou a revisitação de suas raízes na terra moçambicana. Os múltiplos sentidos dos vocábulos permitem afirmar que vida e morte, espaço e tempo, e os símbolos da natureza como água, fogo, terra e ar figurativizam o rompimento de fronteiras. Protagonistas parecem estar vivos e mortos, o lócus Antigamente e Vila Longe é ponto de partida e de chegada na viagem que consiste na revelação da interioridade do homem. O discurso reflete o ziguezague construído na narrativa literária fragmentada entre passado (1560) e presente (2002). A dimensão espaço-tempo mostra o imaginário que emerge na cultura, religiosidade e história de Moçambique. A viagem rumo à libertação de si contém múltiplos viajantes de várias partes do mundo. Assim, as memórias redimensionam o processo de deslocamento de fronteiras.

Afrikaans text, with Afrikaans and English summaries / Despite legislation to the effect intended to ensure the position of the disabled in society, disabled persons still find themselves largely marginalized in the South African context. During this research a group of about twenty participants, of whom about one-half are disabled, were involved in an inclusive process of art-making. The aim of the research was to challenge the dominant discourse which holds that making art is only for the select, talented few. This research was undertaken according to the scientific guidelines of practical theology. Contextual theology was used as a starting point, with emphasis on the participatory- and narrative approaches. The characteristics of pastoral care created an atmosphere which was conducive to the disabled participants discovering and developing hope for a more rewarding future. The research culminated in an exhibition in a national museum, which could contribute to an additional dimension in the narrative of the disabled participants. / Ten spyte van wetgewing om die inklusiewe posisie van die gestremde in die samelewing te verseker, is gestremdes in die Suid Afrikaanse konteks nog grootliks gemarginaliseerd. Vanuit hierdie gemarginaliseerde posisie vind gestremdes dit moeilik en dikwels onmoontlik om hul unieke potensiaal te ontwikkel om sodoende 'n beter lewenskwaliteit lewe te vestig. 'n Groep van ongeveer twintig deelnemers, waarvan die helfte gestremd is, is tydens hierdie navorsing in 'n inklusiewe konteks van kunsmaak betrek. Die doel van die navorsing is om diskoerse uit te daag wat bepaal dat kunsmaak net vir unieke, talentvolle mense beskore was. Teen die agtergrond van 'n postmoderne epistemologie kon gestremdes sonder vooraf opgestelde reels en regulasies uiting gee aan hul verbeelding en sodoende waaghalsig wees in die proses van kunsmaak. Hierdie navorsing het plaasgevind volgens die wetenskaplike riglyne van praktiese teologie. Kontekstuele teologie is as 'n teologiese vertrekpunt gebruik, met die klem op die deelnemende en narratiewe benaderings. Sodoende is ruimte geskep vir die ontdekking sowel as die ontwikkeling van die potensiaal van die gestremde. Die eienskappe van pastorale sorg het 'n atmosfeer tydens die kunsmaaksessies geskep waarbinne die deelnemers in 'n veilige konteks hoop op 'n bykomstige realiteit en 'n beter toekoms kon ontdek en ontwikkel. Die navorsing het gekulmineer in 'n kunsuitstalling in 'n nasionale museum wat kan bydra tot 'n bykomstige dimensie in die verhaal en identiteit van die gestremdes. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology eith specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

Afrikaans text, with Afrikaans and English summaries / Despite legislation to the effect intended to ensure the position of the disabled in society, disabled persons still find themselves largely marginalized in the South African context. During this research a group of about twenty participants, of whom about one-half are disabled, were involved in an inclusive process of art-making. The aim of the research was to challenge the dominant discourse which holds that making art is only for the select, talented few. This research was undertaken according to the scientific guidelines of practical theology. Contextual theology was used as a starting point, with emphasis on the participatory- and narrative approaches. The characteristics of pastoral care created an atmosphere which was conducive to the disabled participants discovering and developing hope for a more rewarding future. The research culminated in an exhibition in a national museum, which could contribute to an additional dimension in the narrative of the disabled participants. / Ten spyte van wetgewing om die inklusiewe posisie van die gestremde in die samelewing te verseker, is gestremdes in die Suid Afrikaanse konteks nog grootliks gemarginaliseerd. Vanuit hierdie gemarginaliseerde posisie vind gestremdes dit moeilik en dikwels onmoontlik om hul unieke potensiaal te ontwikkel om sodoende 'n beter lewenskwaliteit lewe te vestig. 'n Groep van ongeveer twintig deelnemers, waarvan die helfte gestremd is, is tydens hierdie navorsing in 'n inklusiewe konteks van kunsmaak betrek. Die doel van die navorsing is om diskoerse uit te daag wat bepaal dat kunsmaak net vir unieke, talentvolle mense beskore was. Teen die agtergrond van 'n postmoderne epistemologie kon gestremdes sonder vooraf opgestelde reels en regulasies uiting gee aan hul verbeelding en sodoende waaghalsig wees in die proses van kunsmaak. Hierdie navorsing het plaasgevind volgens die wetenskaplike riglyne van praktiese teologie. Kontekstuele teologie is as 'n teologiese vertrekpunt gebruik, met die klem op die deelnemende en narratiewe benaderings. Sodoende is ruimte geskep vir die ontdekking sowel as die ontwikkeling van die potensiaal van die gestremde. Die eienskappe van pastorale sorg het 'n atmosfeer tydens die kunsmaaksessies geskep waarbinne die deelnemers in 'n veilige konteks hoop op 'n bykomstige realiteit en 'n beter toekoms kon ontdek en ontwikkel. Die navorsing het gekulmineer in 'n kunsuitstalling in 'n nasionale museum wat kan bydra tot 'n bykomstige dimensie in die verhaal en identiteit van die gestremdes. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology eith specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)