La maîtrise du bruit et des vibrations est un objectif fréquemment rencontré dans le domaine industriel. Qu’il s’agisse de questions de confort ou de sécurité, les domaines d’applications sont nombreux et variés : transport, BTP, ingénierie civile et militaire… Dans cette thèse, un problème de vibroacoustique interne avec couplage fluide-structure est étudié. Il s’agit d’une cavité remplie de fluide dont les parois sont constituées d’une structure sandwich viscoélastique. Les difficultés numériques associées à ce modèle portent sur la non linéarité du matériau et sur les propriétés des opérateurs matriciels manipulés (conditionnement, non symétrie). Le calcul des vibrations du système dissipatif couplé nécessite une valeur initiale, choisie comme la solution du problème conservatif. Cette solution n’étant pas aisée à déterminer, deux solveurs aux valeurs propres basés sur la Méthode Asymptotique Numérique (MAN) sont proposés pour résoudre le problème des vibrations libres du système conservatif. Associant des techniques de perturbation d'ordre élevé et de continuation, la MAN permet de transformer le problème non linéaire de départ en une suite de problèmes linéaires, plus simples à résoudre. Les solutions obtenues sont ensuite utilisées comme point initial pour déterminer la réponse libre du système dissipatif. Un solveur de Newton d’ordre élevé, basé sur les techniques d’homotopie et de perturbation est développé pour résoudre ce problème. Enfin, le régime forcé est étudié. Pour toutes les configurations envisagées, les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence des performances numériques améliorées par rapport aux méthodes classiquement utilisées (Arpack, Newton…). / Noises and vibrations control is a common objective in the industrial field. Whether it is a question of comfort or safety, the fields of application are numerous and varied: transport, building, civil and military engineering… In this thesis, a vibroacoustics interior problem with fluid-structure coupling is studied. A cavity filled of fluid whose walls are made of a sandwich viscoelastic structure is considered. The numerical difficulties associated with this model relate to the non-linearity of the viscoelastic material and the properties of the matrix operators used (conditioning, non-symmetry). The calculation of the vibrations of the coupled dissipative system requires an initial value, chosen as the solution to the conservative problem. Since this solution is difficult to determine, two eigenvalue algorithms based on the Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM) are proposed to solve the problem of free vibrations of the conservative system. Combining high order perturbation and continuation techniques, ANM transforms the initial non-linear problem into a set of linear problems that are easier to solve. The solutions obtained are then used as the initial point to determine the free vibrations of the dissipative problem. A high order Newton solver, based on homotopy and perturbation techniques, is developed to solve this problem. Finally, the forced harmonic response of the damped system is computed. For all the configurations tested, the results obtained show improved numerical performance compared to the methods conventionally used (Arpack solver, Newton algorithm…).

QC 20100601

Studying the zeros of a parameter dependent operator F defined on a Hilbert space H is a fundamental problem in mathematics. When the Hilbert space is finite dimensional, continuation provides, via predictor-corrector algorithms, efficient techniques to numerically follow the zeros of F as we move the parameter. In the case of infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, this procedure must be applied to some finite dimensional approximation which of course raises the question of validity of the output. We introduce a new technique that combines the information obtained from the predictor-corrector steps with ideas from rigorous computations and verifies that the numerically produced zero for the finite dimensional system can be used to explicitly define a set which contains a unique zero for the infinite dimensional problem F: HxR->Im(F). We use this new validated continuation to study equilibrium solutions of partial differential equations, to prove the existence of chaos in ordinary differential equations and to follow branches of periodic solutions of delay differential equations. In the context of partial differential equations, we show that the cost of validated continuation is less than twice the cost of the standard continuation method alone.

Orientador: Dílson Amâncio Alves / Banca: Carlos Roberto Minussi / Banca: Francisco Villarreal Alvarado / Banca: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa / Banca: Walmir de Freitas Filho / Resumo: O fluxo de carga convencional é considerado inadequado para a obtenção do ponto de máximo carregamento devido a singularidade da matriz Jacobiana. Os métodos da continuação são ferramentas eficientes para a solução deste tipo de problema, e diferentes parametrizações são utilizadas para evitar a singularidade da matriz. Neste trabalho apresentase uma técnica de parametrização geométrica que possibilita o traçado completo das curvas PV sem os problemas de mal condicionamento. A técnica proposta associa a robustez com a simplicidade e a facilidade de compreensão. A singularidade da matriz Jacobiana é eliminada pela adição da equação de uma reta que passa por um ponto no plano formado pelas variáveis perdas de potência ativa totais e o fator de carregamento, dois parâmetros físicos de fácil compreensão. A técnica, aplicada aos sistemas do IEEE (14, 30, 57, 118 e 300 barras) e ao sistema brasileiro sul-sudeste (638 e 787 barras), mostra que as características do fluxo de carga não só são preservadas, mas também melhoradas. Diversos testes são realizados para proporcionar a comparação do desempenho do esquema de parametrização proposto para o método do fluxo de carga continuado. / Abstract: The conventional Newton's method has been considered inadequate to obtain the maximum loading point of power systems due to the Jacobian matrix singularity. Continuation methods are efficient tools for solving this kind of problem, and different parameterizations are used to avoid the matrix singularity. This paper presents a new geometric parameterization scheme that allows the complete tracing of the PV curves without ill-conditioning problems. The proposed technique associates the robustness to the simplicity and easy understanding. The Jacobian matrix singularity is overcome by the addition of a line equation, which passes through a point in the plane, determined by the real power losses and loading factor variables, two parameters with clear physical meaning. The application of this new technique to the IEEE systems (14, 30, 57, 118 and 300 buses) and to the Brazilian systems south-southeast (638 and 787 buses) shows that the characteristics of the conventional Newton's method are not only preserved but also improved. Several tests are carried out to compare the performance of the proposed parameterization scheme for the continuation power flow method. / Doutor

Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Castro Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T10:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BedrinanaArones_ManfredFritz_D.pdf: 1647623 bytes, checksum: f89c901f587a4c3d6782711069ca801c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é desenvolver uma metodologia robusta e eficiente para o fluxo de carga da continuação ótimo multiobjetivo. O fluxo de carga da continuação se presta à obtenção de um contínuo de pontos de operação da rede para carga e geração variáveis e a determinação do máximo carregamento do sistema. A associação do fluxo de carga da continuação com procedimentos de otimização leva em conta que, para cada ponto de operação da rede, as variáveis de controle disponíveis podem ser ajustadas em valores tais que otimizem algum critério. Na realidade, pode haver o interesse em otimizar mais de um critério, e o procedimento de otimização passa a ser multiobjetivo. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foi abordada a análise de estabilidade de tensão, para isto foram propostas técnicas para o cálculo rápido do ponto de máximo carregamento incorporando técnicas de corte de carga e fluxo de carga da continuação usando técnicas híbridas. Um fluxo de carga ótimo foi proposto para a análise de sistemas malcomportados e singularidades usando métodos de pontos interiores e otimização de passo. O fluxo de carga da continuação ótimo proposto inclui um passo corretor que se mostra eficiente com a inclusão do fluxo de carga ótimo com otimização de passo, e permitiu o traçado correto da trajetória de soluções ótimas considerando os limites de factibilidade do sistema. Os métodos de otimização incorporando restrições de complementaridade foram introduzidos na análise para verificar o desempenho do método proposto. O fluxo de carga da continuação ótimo multiobjetivo proposto inclui as técnicas anteriores e métodos para a obtenção de soluções Pareto-ótimas uniformemente distribuídas. Esta ferramenta computacional permite uma análise detalhada do comportamento de uma rede elétrica de potência no que diz respeito a uma série de aspectos da sua operação, e particularmente ao despacho da geração e estabilidade de tensão. O monitoramento do perfil de tensão e da margem de segurança com relação à estabilidade de tensão é um aspecto crítico para a operação segura de sistemas de potência modernos, que operam estressados nos picos de carga ou em contingências / Abstract: The goal of this research work is to propose a robust and efficient methodology for the multiobjective optimal continuation power flow. The continuation power flow is based on obtaining a continuum of Power system operating points for variable load and generation, allowing the analysis of operation conditions for each point and the determination of the maximum loading possible for which the system is still stable. The merging of continuation power flow and optimization procedures takes into account that the available control variables can be adjusted for each operating point, so as to optimize the operating conditions according to some criterion. Actually, more than one criterion may be optimized, and the procedure becomes multiobjective, requiring multiobjective programming tools. This computational tool allows a detailed analysis of power systems' behavior regarding many operation aspects, including voltage stability. Tracking the voltage profile and the voltage stability security margins are critical aspects for the secure operation of modern power systems that are permanently stressed / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Suivant le domaine où on les sollicite, les solutions d’un système de contraintes géométriques (SCG) peuvent être : – formelles et exactes : elles prennent par exemple la forme d’un plan de construction produisant toutes les solutions, obtenu en appliquant des règles dérivées de lemmes de géométrie. Beaucoup de SCG, surtout en 3D, résistent à cette approche ; – numériques et approchées : elles sont les solutions d’un système d’équations construit à partir des contraintes et trouvées grâce à des méthodes numériques efficaces quand elles ne recherchent qu’une solution. De par la nature des problèmes traités, chercher toutes les solutions conduit à une complexité exponentielle. Les méthodes par continuation, ou homotopie, permettent d’obtenir toutes les solutions d’un système d’équations polynomiales. Leur application à des SCG est coûteuse et difficilement sujette aux raisonnements permis par l’origine géométrique du problème car elles opèrent hors de l’espace des figures géométriques. Notre travail a pour objet la spécialisation d’une méthode par continuation à des SCG. La géométrie simplifie et justifie sa mise en œuvre dans l’espace des figures, ou des raisonnements géométriques sont possibles. On aborde également les cas ou l’ensemble de solutions d’un problème contient des éléments isolés et des continuums. Des solutions proches d’une esquisse fournie par un utilisateur sont d’abord trouvées. La recherche d’autres solutions, malgré sa complexité exponentielle, est rendue envisageable par une approche itérative. Une nouvelle méthode de décomposition est proposée pour maîtriser le coût de la résolution. / Depending on the required application field, the solutions of a geometric constraints system (GCS) are either : – symbolic and exact such as construction plans, providing all the solutions, obtained by applying geometric rules. Many problems, mostly in a 3D context, resist to this approach ; – or numerical and approximated : they are the solutions of a system of equations built from the constraints, provided by generical numerical methods that are efficient when only one solution is sought. However, searching all the solutions leads to an exponential computation cost, due to the nature of problems. Continuation methods, also called homotopic methods, find all the solutions of a polynomial system. Using them to solve systems of equations associated to systems of constraints is nevertheless costly. Moreover, combining them with geometric reasoning is a challenge, because they act in a projective complex space and not in the realizations space. The aim of this work is to specialize a continuation method to GCS. Geometry is exploited to simplify and justify its adaptation in the space of realizations, so allowing geometric reasoning. Cases where the connected components of the solution space of a problem have heterogeneous dimensions are addressed. The method discussed here provides in a first step solutions that are similar to a sketch drawn by the user. Then a procedure is proposed to search new solutions. Its iterative nature seems to make the exponential complexity of this task bearable. A new decomposition method is proposed, that restrains the resolution cost.

Orientadores: Maria Amélia Novais Schleicher, Joerg Dietrich Wilhelm Schleicher / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T12:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coimbra_TiagoAntonioAlves_D.pdf: 11322080 bytes, checksum: 57d63d91892a162c542c0a1d25e3c08b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A operação para continuação de afastamento (Offset Continuation Operation - OCO) transforma um registro sísmico adquirido com um certo afastamento entre fonte e receptor, em um registro correspondente como se fosse adquirido com outro afastamento. O deslocamento de um evento sísmico sob esta operação pode ser descrito por uma equação diferencial parcial de segunda ordem. Baseado na aproximação WKBJ, deduzimos uma equação tipo iconal OCO que descreve os aspectos cinemáticos deste deslocamento em analogia a uma onda acústica, e uma equação de transporte que descreve a alteração das amplitudes. Baseado na teoria dos raios representamos uma forma de solução para a nova equação proposta. Notamos que operadores diferencias de transformação de configuração que corrigem o fator de espalhamento geométrico para qualquer afastamento, ao menos de modo assintótico, são novos na literatura. Baseados na cinemática da operação, propomos um operador de empilhamento multi-paramétrico no domínio não-migrado dos dados sísmicos. Esse empilhamento multi-paramétrico usa uma velocidade média, chamada de velocidade OCO, bem como outros parâmetros cinemáticos do campo de onda importantes. Por se basear na OCO, os tempos de trânsito usados neste empilhamento multi-paramétrico acompanham a trajetória OCO que aproxima à verdadeira trajetória do ponto de reflexão comum. Assim, os parâmetros extraídos servem para melhorar a correção do sobretempo convencional ou realizar correções correspondentes para afastamentos não nulos. Desta forma, é possível aumentar a qualidade das seções empilhadas convencionais de afastamento nulo ou até gerar seções empilhadas de outros afastamentos. Os parâmetros cinemáticos envolvidos ainda podem ser utilizado para construir um melhor modelo de velocidade. Exemplos numéricos mostram que o empilhamento usando trajetórias OCO aumenta, de forma significativa, a qualidade dos dados com uso de menos parâmetros que nos métodos clássicos / Abstract: The Offset Continuation Operation (OCO) transforms a seismic record with a certain offset between source and receiver in another record as if obtained with another offset. The displacement between a seismic event under this operation may be modeled by a second order partial differential equation. We base on the WKBJ approximation and deduce an OCO equation type-eikonal and a transport equation. The former decribes the kinematic features of this displacement, analogously to an acoustic wave, and the latter describes the change of the amplitudes. We present a solution for the proposed new equation, based on the ray theory. The differential configuration transformation operators that correct the geometric spreading for any common offset section (CO) in an asymptoptic way are a novelty in the literature. Based on the kinematics of the operation, we propose a multi-parametric stacking on the unmigrated data domain. This multi-parametric use stacking average velocity called OCO velocity and other kinematic parameters important field from waveform. Since it is based on OCO, travel times used in this multi-parametric stacking accompany OCO trajectory that approximates the true trajectory of the common reflection point (CRP). Thus, the extracted parameters are used to improve the precision of the moveout or to do corresponding corrections for nonzero offsets. Thus, it is possible to increase the quality of conventional sections stacked in zero offset or even generate stacked sections other common offsets. The kinematic parameters involved can also be used to build a velocity model better. Numerical examples show that the stacking using trajectories OCO increases, significantly, the quality of the data using fewer parameters than the classical methods / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

A power system will experience voltage collapse when the loads increase up to a certain critical limit, where the system physically cannot support the amount of connected load. This point identified as a Saddle- Node Bifurcation (SNB), corresponds to a generic instability of parameterized differential equation models and represents the intersection point where different branches of equilibria meet. At this point the jacobian matrix of the system is singular and the system loses stability bringing the typical scenario of voltage collapse. To prevent voltage instability and collapse, the computation of the closest distance from a present operating point to the saddle-node bifurcation set can be used as a loadability index useful in power system operation and planning. The power margin is determined by applying the iterative or direct method described in [16]. Numerical examples of both methods applied to IEEE 9-bus system and IEEE 39-bus system shows that the iterative method is more reliable although it requires a longer computation time. The stability of the system is negatively affected in two ways when generators reach their reactive power limits: the voltage stability margin is deteriorated, or immediate voltage instability and collapse is produced.

[pt] Consideramos a análise numérica de perturbações não lineares do Laplaciano definido em regiões limitadas tratáveis pelo Método de Elementos Finitos. Supomos que as não linearidades interagem com k autovalores do Laplaciano livre. Apresentamos uma redução do problema à inversão de uma função de k variáveis e delineamos uma técnica para tal. O texto é uma extensão dos trabalhos de Cal Neto, Malta, Saldanha e Tomei. / [en] We consider the numerical analysis of nonlinear perturbations of the Laplacian defined in limited regions amenable to the Finite Element Method. The nonlinearities are supposed to interact only with k eigenvalues of the free Laplacian. We present a reduction of the problem to the inversion of a function of k variables and indicate a technique to do so. The text extends the works by Cal Neto, Malta, Saldanha and Tomei.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser l'influence des non linéarités, du comportement rhéologique des fluides rhéofluidifiants, sur les conditions de stabilité et de transition vers la turbulence. Dans un premier temps, une analyse linéaire de stabilité avec une approche modale a été réalisée. Les résultats obtenus mettent clairement en évidence l'effet stabilisant de la rhéofluidification. Ensuite, une analyse faiblement non linéaire de stabilité a été menée en vue d'examiner l'influence de la perturbation de la viscosité sur la stabilité vis à vis de perturbations d'amplitude finie. L'analyse de la contribution des termes non linéaires d'inertie et visqueux montre que, contrairement aux termes d'inertie, les termes non linéaires visqueux ont tendance à accélérer l'écoulement et favoriser une bifurcation sur-critique. Les effets rhéofluidifiants tendent à réduire la dissipation visqueuse. Finalement, une analyse fortement non linéaire de stabilité a été conduite en utilisant les techniques de suivi de branches de solutions par des méthodes de continuation. Pour pouvoir traiter les termes visqueux fortement non linéaires, un code de calcul pseudo-spectral a été développé. Des solutions non linéaires d'équilibre ont été obtenues et caractérisées pour différentes valeurs des paramètres rhéologiques / The aim of this study is to understand the influence of the nonlinear rheological behaviour of the shear-thinning fluids on the flow stability and transition to turbulence. First, a linear stability analysis using modal approach was carried out. Results clearly highlight the stabilizing effect of shear-thinning. Then, as a first approach to take into account nonlinear effects of viscosity perturbation on the flow stability, a weakly nonlinear stability analysis is performed in the neighbourhood of the critical conditions. Results indicate that shear-thinning reduces the viscous dissipation and, in contrast to inertial terms, the nonlinear viscous terms tend to accelerate the flow and act in favour of supercritical bifurcation. Finally, a nonlinear stability analysis is done by following solution branches in the parameter space using continuation techniques. To deal with highly nonlinear viscous terms, a pseudo-spectral code is developed. Nonlinear equilibrium solutions was found and characterized for various values of the rheological parameters