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Since a few years, flat screen TVs, such as LCD and plasma, has come to completelydominate the market of televisions. In a SoC solution for digital TVs, severalprocessors are used to obtain a decent image quality. Some of the processorsneed temporal information, which means that whole frames need to be storedin memory, which in turn motivates the use of SDRAM memory. When higherdemands of resolution and image quality arrives, greater pressure is put on theperformance of the SoC memory subsystem, to not become a bottleneck of thesystem. In this master thesis project, a model of an existing SoC for digital TVs is usedto benchmark and evaluate the performance of an SDRAM memory controllerarchitecture study. The two major features are the ability to reorder transactionsand the compatibility with DDR3. By introducing reordering of transactions, thechoice is given to the memory controller to service memory requests in an orderthat decreases bank conflicts and read/write turn arounds. Measurements showthat a utilization of 86.5 % of the total available bandwidth can be achieved, whichis 18.5 percentage points more, compared to an existing nonreordering memorycontroller developed by NXP.

A common configuration in buses is that the engine is placed in the rear of the bus and that the batteries are placed in thefront of the bus due to optimization of the distribution of the weight. The long wires running between the engine and the batteries together with large power consuming units, such as fans and air condition units, result in voltage drops. The voltage drops contribute to the battery charging voltage level being lower than desired. The aim with this thesis work is to implement a control system that increases the battery voltage level when the voltage drops occur. Measurements are performed on an articulated bus that is in focus throughout the whole thesis work. A model for the electrical circuit of the bus is created and used when investigating the stability of the control system. The control system isimplemented in the bus, where also verification tests are performed. The verification tests confirm that the control system raises the battery charging voltage to the desired level. The increased voltage level makes the batteries reach a higher state of charge in shorter time since the control system provides the batteries with more charge.

Look ahead cruise control deals with the concept of using recorded topographic road data combined with a GPS to control vehicle speed. The purpose of this is to save fuel without a change in travel time for a given road. This thesis explores the sensitivity of different disturbances for look ahead systems. Two different systems are investigated, one using a simple precalculated speed trajectory without feedback and the second based upon a model predictive control scheme with dynamic programming as optimizing algorithm. Defect input data like bad positioning, disturbed angle data, faults in mass estimation and wrong wheel radius are discussed in this thesis. Also some investigations of errors in the environmental model for the systems are done. Simulations over real road profiles with two different types of quantization of the road slope data are done. Results from quantization of the angle data in the system are important since quantization will be unavoidable in an implementation of a topographic road map. The results from the simulations shows that disturbance of the fictive road profiles used results in quite large deviations from the optimal case. For the recorded real road sections however the differences are close to zero. Finally conclusions of how large deviations from real world data a look ahead system can tolerate are drawn.

Sammanfattning     Det finns många definitioner av vad yrket controller innebär, vilket visar att yrkestiteln är svårdefinierad. Syftet med studien är att beskriva controllerns arbetsroll i medelstora tillverkande privata företag och om controllerns roll fokuserar mer mot styrorienterade uppgifter eller mer mot traditionella ekonomiuppgifter. Vi utformade därför följande frågeställning: Är dagens controller i tillverkande företag mer styrorienterad eller mer en traditionell ekonomichef? Vi valde att genomföra en kvalitativ studie eftersom det möjliggör en djupare förståelse och sedan använde vi oss av en deduktiv ansats där vi gick från teori till empiri. I vår teoretiska referensram har vi beskrivit olika egenskaper, färdigheter, roller och arbetssätt som ingår i controllerns yrke. Vår empiriska studie omfattade personliga intervjuer med fem controllers som kompletterades med en enkät där respondenterna fick rangordna sina arbetsuppgifter i förhållande till tiden. Resultatet visar att vi inte kan påvisa att controllern arbetar mer med styrorienterade uppgifter eller mer med ekonomiuppgifter, men däremot anser vi att controllern arbetar med både styrorienterade- och ekonomiuppgifter.   Nyckelord: Controller, Roll, Ekonomichef, Styrorienterad roll / Abstract     There are many definitions of what the profession controller imply, which indicates that the profession is difficult to define. The purpose of this study is to describe the controller's job role in medium-sized manufacturing companies within the private sector and if the controller’s role focuses more on controlling-oriented tasks or more on traditional business tasks. Therefore we enunciated the following framing of question: Is today’s controller in manufacturing companies more controlling-oriented or more a traditional chief financial officer? We chose to conduct a qualitative study because it enables a deeper understanding and then we chose a deductive approach where we went from theory to empiricism. In our theoretical framework we described various characteristics, skills, roles and ways of working as part of the controller's profession. Our empirical study involved personal interviews with five controllers, which were supplemented by a survey where the respondents ranked their tasks in relation to time. The result shows that we can’t demonstrate that the controller works with more controlling-oriented tasks or more with traditional business tasks, but we believe that the controller works with both controlling-oriented- and traditional business tasks.   Keywords: Controller, Role, Chief financial officer, Controlling-oriented

This diploma work describes how an FPGA is designed to control a CAN controller. It describes the different tools used when working with Actel’s design tools and the sequence of work applied. It gives a short overview of a multiplexer, the CAN bus, an analog/digital-converter and some more information on the actual FPGA. It also brings up the design process of the FPGA, planning, coding, simulating, testing and finally programming the FPGA. The different parts implemented in the FPGA are a shift-register and two state- machines that are connected with each other. They work together to control the SJA1000 CAN controller made by Philips. They also receive data from the analog/digital-converter that they forward onwards to the CAN controller that forward the data on the CAN bus.

To fulfill todays requirements on emissions from engines, SCANIA has developed an engine with EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and VGT (Variable Geometry Turbine). This gives two extra control signals to take into consideration. Open loop optimal control is used to investigate how these two actuators should be controlled to minimize emissions and fuel consumption. A cost function, consisting of the errors between the most important variables and their set points, has been used in the minimization. The variables are the torque, the EGR mass fraction, the oxygen/fuel ratio and the pumping losses. From studies of the two control signals in different transients in the engine, information of how to control the VGT and EGR in the optimal way is found. The result from the optimal control has been compared with a PID simulation and has showed a better way to control the signals. The mayor reason why the optimal control is better than a PID controller is the ability to use future values from the transients.

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to develop a solution for combining speed and performance of switched Ethernet with the real time capability and determinism of sophisticated in- vehicle networks. After thorough research in vehicle network standards, their demands and features, the Flexible Time Division Multiple Access (FTDMA) protocol of FlexRay was chosen to be applied on a switched Ethernet architecture since it can accommodate both hard real time tasks and soft real time tasks. To provide hard real time capability, what this paper focuses on, a media access method was developed by creating static TDMA schedules for each node’s sending and receiving port according to a certain traffic assumption. To validate the developed media access algorithm several examples with different traffic assumptions and architectures were generated and investigated based on their sending and receiving utilization. A second method for validating and thus proving the functionality of the algorithm was by simulation. Therefore the Matlab Simulink media library extension TRUE TIME was used to simulate a simple example with 100% sending and receiving utilization for each node.

This report studies a low cost hardware platform for Fleet Management Services, FMS. The platform manages vehicle data, positioning and wireless communication. The core of the platform is a new kind of ‘intelligent’ GSM modem, called a GSM module. A GSM module is basically a stripped down mobile phone that allows embedded third party application code and has an IP-stack. The report reviews the modules available on the market today and presents experiences from the implementation of a prototype based on the Aplicom A12 module. The main conclusion is that the concept is feasible though the modules' limited performance must be considered in the design.