CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente pesquisa apresenta uma anÃlise da conversaÃÃo de pessoas com transtornos mentais enfocando trÃs aspectos principais: um que investiga os marcadores conversacionais, outro que procura verificar como os participantes da conversaÃÃo interagem uns com os outros e finalmente um que analisa o fenÃmeno de relevÃncia. Para compreender a conversaÃÃo de pessoas com transtornos mentais, analisamos as conversas de trinta e cinco sujeitos, pacientes do Centro de AtenÃÃo de Quixadà (CAPS) nos anos de 1998, 1999 e 2000. Pela interpretaÃÃo dos resultados, chegou-se à conclusÃo de que tanto em situaÃÃes de surto como de nÃo surto, as pessoas com transtornos mentais dÃo seqÃÃncia aos turnos que exigem a formaÃÃo obrigatÃria e nÃo cancelÃvel de um par adjacente, usam mais sinais conversacionais pÃs-posicionados e utilizam mais os marcadores conversacionais convergentes e indagativos do que os divergentes. Confirmou-se tambÃm a hipÃtese de que em situaÃÃes de surto, essas pessoas apresentam um comprometimento maior no fenÃmeno da relevÃncia do que quando nÃo estÃo em surto. O estudo ressalta, ainda, que as conversas de pessoas com transtornos mentais contÃm elementos coerentes e relevantes, possibilitando reflexÃes sobre as concepÃÃes que defendem o isolamento dessas pessoas por as conceberem totalmente incapazes de um convÃvio social / This research presents an analysis of the conversation of mentally disturbed people focusing on three main aspects: it investigates the conversational markers used in their interactions, it verifies how conversation participants interact with one another and, finally, it analyses the relevance phenomenon. In order to reach our aim, we have analysed the conversation of thirty-five patients of the Centro de AtenÃÃo (CAPS) of QuixadÃ, in Brazilâs northeastern state of Cearà who had their conversations recorded during 1988, 1999 and 2000. The results of the analysis have indicated that both in periods of onset or not, mentally disturbed people give continuation to conversational turns that require the mandatory formation of na adjacency pair, use more post-positioned conversational signals than pre-positioned ones, and utilize more converging and enquiring conversational markers than diverging ones. The hypothesis that, when in crises, the conversation of mentally disturbed people present a greater weakening of the relevance phenomenon has also been confirmed. The study highlights that the conversation of such people is, to some extent, coherent and relevant. This fact calls for a revision as regards the conceptions that defend the isolation of these people by preconceiving them unable of social interaction

Interaction is an important aspect for children’s language development. The intervention model Prevention Education Program for Parents (PEPP) is currently under development within the research project Ord gör skillnad, Karolinska Institutet. PEPP is an intervention for parents to children aged 0–12 months who’s recently been diagnosed with hearing impairment. In PEPP parents receive guidance based on the child’s language environment which is mapped through Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) and video analysis. LENA is a speech processing technological tool that analyzes the child’s language environment. The video analysis is made manually based on short video records of interactions between child and parent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these mapping methods reliabilities to measure verbal conversational turns. The study also aimed to investigate if there’s a pattern between the amount of verbal conversational turns in a structured playtime and in the home environment. Four families with children aged 0:26–7:3 months participated. The child and parent interacted in a structured playtime that was analyzed with LENA and video analysis. Each family also made a LENA recording for an entire day in their home environment. The amount of verbal conversational turns in the structured playtime was analyzed by two assessors through video analysis. Inter-rater reliability was calculated, and a qualitative assessment was made for intervals in which the inter-rater reliability was <80%. The conformity between video analysis and LENA in the structured playtime was calculated. Further, a comparison was made between the amount of verbal conversational turns measured with LENA in home environment and structured environment. The inter-rater reliability in this study was high and in the qualitative assessment aggravating factors were identified. The conformity between video analysis and LENA analysis of the structured playtime was moderate. The amount of verbal conversational turns was higher for all participants in the structured environment compared to the home environment. This study indicates that video analysis is a reliable method. However, the aggravating aspects should be remedied in order to increase the reliability. The results confirm previous findings that demonstrate limitations with LENA’s ability to measure conversational turns in young infants. This study indicates that the number of conversational turns is higher in structured environments. To ensure the results in this study further research should be conducted. / Barn lär sig språket i interaktion med sin omgivning. Föräldrainterventionen Prevention Education Program for Parents (PEPP) utvecklas inom forskningsprojektet Ord gör skillnad, Karolinska Institutet. I PEPP handleds föräldrar till barn i åldrarna 0–12 månader med nyligen upptäckt hörselnedsättning kring samspel och kommunikation. Handledningen baseras på barnets språkmiljö som mäts med kartläggningsmetoderna Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) och videoanalys. LENA är ett talprocessande teknologiskt verktyg som beskriver barnets språkmiljö genom automatisk analys. Videoanalysen sker manuellt av bedömare utifrån korta videoinspelningar av samspel mellan barn och förälder. Föreliggande studie syftade till att utvärdera dessa kartläggningsmetoders pålitlighet i mätning av verbala turtagningar. Vidare syftade studien till att undersöka eventuella mönster mellan antal verbala turtagningar i hemmiljö och strukturerad miljö. Fyra familjer med barn i åldrarna 0:26–7:3 månader deltog. Barn och förälder samspelade under en strukturerad leksituation som analyserades med LENA och videoanalys. Varje familj gjorde även en heldagsinspelning med LENA i hemmiljö. Antal verbala turtagningar i den strukturerade leksituationen analyserades av två bedömare med videoanalys. Interbedömarreliabilitet räknades ut och en kvalitativ bedömning genomfördes på intervall med interbedömarreliabilitet <80 %. Samstämmigheten mellan videoanalysen och LENA beräknades gällande den strukturerade leksituationen. Vidare jämfördes antal turtagningar mätt med LENA i hemmiljö och strukturerad miljö. Resultatet visade på en hög interbedömarreliabilitet i videoanalysen och i den kvalitativa bedömningen identifierades försvårande aspekter. Samstämmigheten mellan videoanalysen och LENA var måttlig. Antalet turtagningar var genomgående högre i den strukturerade leksituationen jämfört med hemmiljö. Studien tyder på att videoanalysen är en pålitlig metod. Dock identifierades försvårande aspekter som bör åtgärdas för att öka mätningens tillförlitlighet. Studien bekräftar tidigare forskning som visat på begränsningar gällande LENA:s mätning av turtagningar hos unga spädbarn. Resultatet tyder på att det sker fler turtagningar i strukturerad miljö än i hemmiljö. För att säkerställa studiens resultat krävs fortsatta studier.