College students experience high levels of stress, especially those in health care programs. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors contribute to Tennessee radiography student stress levels and the methods by which they cope with stress. Additionally, do demographic factors affect radiography student stress levels? The research was conducted February 4 to March 30, 2016. A survey was distributed to students in a radiography program at two and four year colleges in Tennessee. Participants were asked questions on factors that influence their stress levels, coping strategies, and health issues experienced in the past year. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Pearson correlations were used to determine what factors influenced student stress levels, the most effective coping strategies, and if demographics affected student stress levels. This analysis revealed that school causes students the most stress, while taking a break was the most used stress coping strategy.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / Child-headed households (CHHs) are a recent development that has become progressively noticeable not only in South Africa but also internationally. This phenomenon arose as a result of the death of parents or abandonment of children by their primary caregivers. The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has taken away the lives particularly of many adults, leaving children orphaned and having to take on the adults’ responsibilities. In the past, relatives or the extended family would take the responsibility of caring and providing for orphaned children but, with current economic hardships, most families are unable to take the extra responsibility. As a result, older siblings become caregivers to their younger siblings. Unfortunately, when parents die, children often lose access to adequate food, social grants, education and health services. Despite the fact that it is the right of all South Africans, including children, to have access to sufficient food, many households, including CHHs, are living in poverty. As a result, they are vulnerable to food insecurity, leading to developmental, social and emotional challenges. The aim of the present study was to explore and describe the experiences, challenges and coping strategies of CHHs with food insecurity in Ingwavuma, from a bio-ecological perspective. Ingwavuma is a small rural town in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The study makes recommendations for social work projects, education and future research regarding CHHs’ experiences of food insecurity. This is a qualitative study that utilised an explorative-descriptive methodological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 children between the ages of 13 and 18 years old from CHHs in Ingwavuma. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants at their homes in the town.

Schotte and Clum (1982,1987) proposed a model of suicide ideation in which cognitive rigidity (in the presenc eof negative life stress) causes a reduction in problem solving capacity and subsequently leads to hopelessness, which in turn increases the risk for suicide ideation. The aim of the current study was to attempt to improve the model by the addition of a coping variable. The model was tested using a sample 05 85 undergraduate psychology students. the subjects were requested to complete a total of five questionnaires on a once only basis. A new model was developed in which a low level of problem solving confidence and a failure to express emotions combines with the presence of negative life stress to lead to a state of hopelessness, which in turn increases the risk of suicideideation. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the need for a more complex model of suicide ideation which more fully accounts for the effects of different coping strategies on the development of feelings of hopelessness. / Masters Thesis

<p>The aim of the literature review was to describe how persons living with HIV experience their health-related quality of life, and which coping strategies they use. Scientific articles were searched in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl. The keywords used were HIV, nursing, health-related quality of life and coping. A total of 18 articles were included in the study. The main result of the literature review showed that persons living with HIV have lower health-related quality of life than healthy individuals. Variables that affected the health-related quality of life were gender, age, symptom experience, antiretroviral treatment, self-care/coping and circumstances of life. Use of both problem-oriented coping strategies and emotion-oriented coping strategies were identified in persons living with HIV. Problem-oriented coping strategies contained lifestyle changes, social support and knowledge. Emotion-oriented coping strategies contained spirituality and avoiding behavior. In conclusion, this literature review showed that it is important for the general nurse to understand the situation persons living with HIV are going through and provide support. This support should be individually accommodated, but could for example consist of education, social support,<strong> </strong>satisfying spiritual needs and encouraging lifestyle changes.</p>

<p>Amputation affects men and women of all ages, classes, races and religions. The patients’ reactions are, however, entirely unique. This is a literature study comprising fourteen scientific articles which make up the results. The psychosocial effects of amputation can be daunting and considering the mountain of literature on the subject, it is therefore necessary to start by explaining some of the research on stress, crisis, and coping. Brief descriptions of Lazarus’s and Cullberg’s work have been selected to represent a sample of existing theories which have grappled with these psychosocial concepts. The purpose of this study is to describe the various coping strategies utilized by patients who have undergone amputation. The results consist of seventeen coping strategies which are divided up into five theme groups (positive coping, avoidance coping, social support, maladaptive coping, and religion). Evidence is provided which describes how the various coping strategies can actually manifest themselves in reality as witnessed by amputee patients. In conclusion, amputees use various coping strategies at different stages of recovery to deal with the trauma of their loss; these strategies can be observed and identified in both clinical and out-patient settings.</p>

<p>The purpose of the study was to investigate levels of occupational stress experienced by police officers and the strategies used to cope with stress. The study findings are based on a sample of 104 police officers from six police stations within the Cape Town area. The results indicated that participants have been in the police service for an average of 7.72 years, and have worked an average of 4.8 years at their present stations. The majority of participants are between 26-30 years old (31%), male (75%), married(51%), coloured (65%), constables (45%), Afrikaans speaking (47%), and have a matric qualification (70%). The Spielberger Police Stress Survey and the Brief COPE Inventory were used as data collection tools. The findings indicated that police officers were experiencing moderate levels of stress as an outcome of inherent and organisational occupational demands. Secondly, police officers were more likely to use problem-focussed coping strategies to manage occupational stress than maladaptive strategies. The limited use of avoidance coping strategies was surprising, given the elevated prevalence of both physical and psychological disorders within the police context. The results indicated no significant association between levels of distress and avoidance coping strategies. The potential adverse outcomes of severe stress within this group affect&nbsp / society in general more than stress from most other occupational groups. Addressing persistent stress within the organisation is imperative in ensuring a well-functioning police service, and ultimately, a secure and healthy society.</p>

Amputation affects men and women of all ages, classes, races and religions. The patients’ reactions are, however, entirely unique. This is a literature study comprising fourteen scientific articles which make up the results. The psychosocial effects of amputation can be daunting and considering the mountain of literature on the subject, it is therefore necessary to start by explaining some of the research on stress, crisis, and coping. Brief descriptions of Lazarus’s and Cullberg’s work have been selected to represent a sample of existing theories which have grappled with these psychosocial concepts. The purpose of this study is to describe the various coping strategies utilized by patients who have undergone amputation. The results consist of seventeen coping strategies which are divided up into five theme groups (positive coping, avoidance coping, social support, maladaptive coping, and religion). Evidence is provided which describes how the various coping strategies can actually manifest themselves in reality as witnessed by amputee patients. In conclusion, amputees use various coping strategies at different stages of recovery to deal with the trauma of their loss; these strategies can be observed and identified in both clinical and out-patient settings.

During the Second World War, more than 22,000 Japanese Canadians were interned to various locations throughout Canada. While more than 60 years have passed since these events, there remains limited research on the impact that this event had on this group of people. Using McCubbin and Patterson’s (1983) Double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation as a framework, this study used historical narratives of 69 Japanese Canadians to gain insight into a) how Japanese Canadians coped with the challenges associated with their internment, and b) what resources they used during this same time period. The analysis of the coping strategies was done using a modified version of existing measures of coping strategies (Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis, & Gruen, 1986; Suedfeld, Krell, Wiebe, & Steel, 1997), and the analysis of resources was done using an adjusted version of Rettig’s (1995) and Tucker and Rice’s (1985) resource classification list. There were no statistically significant differences between Japanese Canadian men and women in their coping strategy use, but that there were differences between the Issei (first generation) and Nisei (second generation). The Issei used Self Control, Positive Reappraisal, and Denail more than the Nisei, while the Nisei used Seeking Social Support more than the Issei. A strong relationship between coping and resources was found; a relationship that has often been assumed, but never tested. The findings from this study also provided additional support for the usefulness of using both narratives and the Double ABCX model in research.

Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning med syfte att se hur ett träningsuppehåll av högintensivt tränande personer hanteras utifrån bemästringsstrategier. En bemästringsstrategi beskrivs av tidigare studier som en process, ett sätt att hantera stress. Den tidigare forskningen kring bemästringsstrategier kopplat till träningsuppehåll är begränsad. För en ökad förståelse kring träningsuppehåll har även träningsmotivation och känslan av ett påtvingat träningsuppehåll undersökts där hypotesen varit att träningsuppehåll upplevs som stressande. Nio personer, som tränar tre till fyra gånger i veckan, har intervjuats. Intervjuerna har genomgått en deduktiv innehållsanalys, men med induktiva inslag. Hypotesen stämde, träningsuppehåll upplevdes som stressande av deltagarna. Resultaten visade att deltagarna använde bemästringsstrategier för att hantera ett träningsuppehåll. Resultaten visade även att bemästringsstrategier kunde relatera till varandra, att de kombinerades eller övergick till andra strategier. Resultaten gav stöd för tidigare forskning, att det finns aktiva och passiva bemästringsstrategier, samt att det går att anta att det finns effektiva eller ineffektiva bemästringsstrategier.

The aim of the literature review was to describe how persons living with HIV experience their health-related quality of life, and which coping strategies they use. Scientific articles were searched in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl. The keywords used were HIV, nursing, health-related quality of life and coping. A total of 18 articles were included in the study. The main result of the literature review showed that persons living with HIV have lower health-related quality of life than healthy individuals. Variables that affected the health-related quality of life were gender, age, symptom experience, antiretroviral treatment, self-care/coping and circumstances of life. Use of both problem-oriented coping strategies and emotion-oriented coping strategies were identified in persons living with HIV. Problem-oriented coping strategies contained lifestyle changes, social support and knowledge. Emotion-oriented coping strategies contained spirituality and avoiding behavior. In conclusion, this literature review showed that it is important for the general nurse to understand the situation persons living with HIV are going through and provide support. This support should be individually accommodated, but could for example consist of education, social support, satisfying spiritual needs and encouraging lifestyle changes.