Orientador: Roseane Andrelo / Banca: Raquel Cabral / Banca: Ivone de Loudes Oliveira / Resumo: Enquadrado no âmbito da perspectiva relacional, elege-se como tema o estudo da comunicação enquanto competência essencial, que perpassa pelo entendimento do protagonismo comunicacional nas organizações. Compreende-se esse vínculo e o grau de prática desse olhar, a partir da percepção de quatro comunicólogos que atuam em multinacionais do segmento de ferramenta, alimentício, telecomunicações e bebida. Identifica-se e descreve os saberes que estruturam a comunicação enquanto competência essencial e as dimensões que permeiam o entendimento do protagonismo comunicacional nas organizações. Analisa-se comparativamente esses objetos de estudo frente às associações do saber dialogar, saber criar senso coletivo, saber reconhecer o protagonismo dos públicos, saber dinamizar discursos e saber gerar benefícios mútuos com as noções de interdependência, comunicação enquanto relação, contexto em movimento e cultura. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo multicaso, cuja coleta de dados é feita por meio de entrevistas com roteiro de perguntas semiestruturado, tendo os dados tratados mediante análise de conteúdo. Evidencia-se que a percepção dos comunicólogos entrevistados sobre o grau da prática da comunicação enquanto competência essencial se difere em cada organização investigada. No entanto, todas as quatro contemplaram fatores que indicaram um direcionamento para praticar os saberes considerados neste trabalho. As organizações do ramo de telecomunicações e de bebida foram as que menos apresen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Within the context of relational perspective, the study of communication as an essential competence is chosen as the theme, which permeates the understanding of communicational protagonism in organizations. The link and degree of practice of this look are understood based on the perception of four communicologists who work in multinational companies in tool, food, telecommunications and beverage segments. The knowledge that structures communication as an essential competence, as well as the dimensions that permeate the understanding of communicational protagonism in organizations, are identified and described. These objects of study are analysed comparatively to dialogue, creation of collective, recognition of audiences protagonism, dynamism of discourses and generation of mutual benefits with the ideas of interdependence, communication as a relation, context in movement and culture knowledge associations. It relates to a qualitative multicase study, whose data collection is made through interviews with semi-structured questionnaire, with the data processed through content analysis. It is evident that the perception of communicologists interviewed about the degree of communication practice as an essential competency differs in each investigated organization. However, all four considered factors that indicated a direction to practice the knowledge considered in this work. The organizations of telecommunications and beverage sectors were the ones that less presented to have a d... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La lithosphère continentale peut s’étirer selon trois modes (rift large, rift étroit et Core Complex). En Asie de l’Est, une extension continentale a eu lieu de la fin du Mésozoïque au Cénozoïque et ne semble correspondre à aucun des trois modes actuellement définis. Cette période est caractérisée par un amincissement lithosphérique exceptionnel (>100 km), la présence de MCC, de bassins sédimentaires et une importante activité magmatique. Basé sur une approche multi-échelles, ce travail vise à mieux comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine de cette déformation lithosphérique (jamais abordés) ainsi que du moteur de l’extension (encore vivement discuté). Pluridisciplinaire, cette étude apporte de nouvelles contraintes à partir de l’analyse de la déformation finie (ductile ou fragile), du magnétisme des roches (ASM, paléomagnétisme), de la géochronologie (U/Pb sur zircon et 40Ar/39Ar sur monograins) et de la gravimétrie. Différents objets reconnus, révélant des quantités d’extension différentes (MCC vs. pluton cisaillé), montrent que la croûte continentale se déforme de manière très localisée, par la mise en place de larges dômes extensifs séparant des domaines de « radeaux » ou « boudins » présentant une déformation faible à nulle. Par comparaison des données crustales et mantelliques (tomographie sismique, géochimie) disponibles, cette étude met en évidence que l’amincissement lithosphérique reconnu pour le Mésozoïque est principalement lié à un important flux thermique du manteau, l’extension n’ayant qu’un rôle limité dans cet amincissement (<20%). En outre, eu égard au gradient géothermique exceptionnellement élevé de la région, à la fin du Mésozoïque, il semble très probable que des MCC puissent s’être développés sans épaississement préalable de la croûte. L’analyse comparée des directions d’étirement dans la croûte et dans le manteau met en évidence le rôle majeur de la subduction des panneaux plongeants le long de la marge est-asiatique. Un modèle géodynamique a été proposé montrant le rôle du retrait successif des panneaux plongeants couplé à un phénomène d’érosion thermique de la lithosphère. / Continental lithosphere can be stretched according to three modes (wide rift, narrow rift, Core Complex). In East Asia, a continental extension occurred during the Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic times and seems to do not correspond to any of three modes currently defined. This period is characterised by an exceptional lithospheric thinning (> 100 km) with the presence of MCC, sedimentary basins and a huge magmatic activity. Based on a multi-scale approach, this work aims to better understand the mechanisms of this lithospheric deformation (never addressed) and the engine of the extension (yet highly debated). This study provides new multidisciplinary constraints from the analysis of finite strain (ductile or brittle), rock magnetism (AMS, palaeomagnetism), geochronology (U/Pb on zircon and 40Ar/39Ar on single crystals) and gravity. Different objects have been recognised, revealing different amounts of extension (MCC vs. sheared pluton), and show that the continental crust is locally highly deformed, with emplacements of large MCCs between "rafts" or "boudins" domains which are weakly strained to unstrained. By comparison of available crustal and mantle data (seismic tomography, geochemistry), this study shows that the lithospheric thinning recognised for the Mesozoic is mainly related to a major mantle heat flux, the extension plays a limited role in this thinning (<20%). In addition, given the exceptional high geothermal gradient in the region at the end of the Mesozoic, it seems very likely that MCC may have developed without pre-thickened crust. Comparative analysis of stretching directions within the crust and mantle highlights that the subduction of the (palaeo) Pacific plate along the East Asian margin may play an initial and major role during Late Mesozoic extensional event. A geodynamic model has been proposed to show the role of the successive retreat of subducting slabs coupled to a thermal erosion of the lithosphere.

Introdução: A barreira hematoencefálica limita a penetração de compostos farmacologicamente ativos para o cérebro devido à presença de zônulas de oclusão no endotélio cerebral e a expressão de transportadores de influxo e efluxo que modulam o acesso de fármacos para o parênquima cerebral. Nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico (LNC) tem sido estudadas como carreadores de fármacos para o tecido cerebral devido à capacidade de modulação da farmacocinética desses compostos. Entretanto, ainda pouco se sabe sobre os processos envolvidos nas alterações farmacocinéticas e na distribuição tecidual promovidas por esses transportadores. Objetivo: Pretendeu-se investigar as alterações na farmacocinética plasmática e penetração cerebral da quetiapina (QTP) nanoencapsulada em ratos Wistar. Materiais e Métodos: QLNC (1mg/mL) foram obtidas através da metodologia de nanoprecipitação e apresentaram reduzido tamanho de partícula (143 ± 6 nm), baixo indicie de polidispersão (PI < 0.1), alta eficiência de encapsulação (96%), potencial zeta negativo (-7.65 ± 0.815 mV) e pH ácido. QLNC quando visualizadas por MET apresentaram tamanho esférico, homogêneo com ausência de agregados. Os estudos in vivo desse trabalho foram aprovados pelo CEUA/UFRGS. Análise do plasma total e a utilização da microdiálise para determinação das concentrações plasmáticas e cerebrais livres foram realizadas após administração intravenosa da formulação de nanocápsulas de QTP (5 mg /kg ) (QLCN) ou do fármaco em solução (FQ) (5 mg /kg e 10 mg /kg) na presença e na ausência de 30 mg /kg de probenecida (PB), um inibidor de transportadores de membrana. Métodos validados foram utilizados para a quantificação do fármaco em diferentes matrizes. As concentrações cerebral e hepática totais foram investigadas através da técnica de homogeneizado de tecido. Além disso, a fração livre no plasma (fu) e a penetração nos eritrócitos também foi realizada. Resultados: QTP apresentou farmacocinética linear na faixa de doses investigadas, é um substrato para transportadores de efluxo na BHE. Diferenças foram observadas na fu da QTP até 2 h após administração de QLNC indicando que LNC do tipo III promove uma liberação sustentada do fármaco do carreador. QLNC não foi capaz de alterar o coeficiente de partição nos eritrócitos determinado in vitro. As concentrações cerebrais e hepáticas totais foram aumentadas após administração da formulação de nanocápsulas, porém, as concentrações cerebrais livres não foram alteradas em comparação com o QTP em solução. Após administração de PB o fator de penetração da QTP livre no cérebro foi reduzido de 1,55 ± 0.17 para 0,94 ± 0,15. Porém, essa inibição pela probenecida não teve efeito na penetração cerebral de QLNC (0,88 ± 0,21 – 0,92 ± 0.13) provavelmente devido ao fato da QTP ser carreada pela LNC e não estar disponível para interagir com transportadores. Conclusão: Considerando todos os resultados sugere-se que as LNC do tipo III carreiam a QTP através da circulação sistêmica até o parênquima cerebral. / Introduction: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders the delivery of therapeutics to central nervous system due to the endothelial cells tight junctions, which restrict paracellular transport of substances, and the expression of influx and efflux transporters, which modulate drugs access to the brain. Lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) have been proposed as drug carriers to improve brain delivery by modulating drug pharmacokinetics (PK). However, little in know about this modulation process and it is not clear whether the LCN carry the drug through the BBB or increase free drug penetration due to changes in the barrier permeability. Objective: The work aimed to investigate the alterations in the model drug quetiapine (QTP) plasma PK and brain penetration following nanoencapsulation into LNC (QLNC) using microdialysis. Methods: QLNC (1 mg.mL-1) were obtained by nanoprecipitation and presented small particle size (143 ± 6 nm), low polidispersion index (PI < 0.1), high incorporation efficiency (96%), negative zeta potential (–7.65 ± 0.815 mV) and acidic pH. TEM photomicrography showed spherically shaped particles and absence of aggregation. Animal studies approved by CEUA/UFRGS. Total plasma and free plasma and brain concentrations, last two determined by microdialysis, were analyzed after QLNC (5 mg/kg) and free drug (FQ – 5 and 10 mg/gk) i.v. dosing to Wistar rats alone or following probenecid (PB), an influx transporter inhibitor, i.v. administration (30 mg/kg). Drug was quantified in all matrices by validate LC/UV methods. Total brain and liver concentration after FQ and QLNC dosing were investigated in tissues homogenate. Furthermore, QTP free fraction (fu) in plasma and erythrocyte penetration were determined. Results: QTP presented linear PK in the dose range investigated and is substrate to influx transporters at the BBB. Differences observed on QTP fu up to 2 h after QLNC dosing indicate a drug slow release in the blood stream loaded into the LNC type III nanocarrier for this period of time. The LNC did not altered QTP erythrocytes partition coefficient. Total brain and liver concentrations were increased after QLNC dosing but free brain concentrations were not altered in comparison with FQ dosing. After PB dosing, QTP brain penetration was reduced from 1.55 ± 0.17 to 0.94 ± 0.15 when FQ was administered but the inhibition of influx transporters had no effect on QLNC brain penetration (0.88 ± 0.21 to 0.92 ± 0.13) probably because QTP is loaded into the LNC and not available to interact with transporters. Conclusions: Taking together these results suggested that LNC type III carries QTP in the blood stream and delivers the drug to the brain.

Orientador: Maurício César Delamaro / Coorientador: Andreia Maria Pedro Salgado / Banca: Messias Borges Silva / Banca: Henrique Martins Rocha / Resumo : A aprovação das diretrizes curriculares nacionais para os cursos de Engenharia já completou mais de dez anos. Uma de suas novidades foi propor o direcionamento dos esforços na formação dos futuros engenheiros não apenas nos conhecimentos previstos nas grades curriculares. A formação, segundo as diretrizes, deve privilegiar o desenvolvimento de habilidades, competências e atitudes, as quais são tão ou mais importantes que os conteúdos ministrados para a ulterior atuação do profissional na sociedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a percepção de alunos, de egressos e de docentes quanto à maior ou menor valorização das competências propostas nas diretrizes curriculares para formação dos engenheiros de produção. Para atingir este objetivo geral foram realizados diversos levantamentos tipo survey. O primeiro teve como respondentes alunos formandos de cursos de uma universidade pública e de uma universidade privada, que avaliaram a valorização das diversas competências no ambiente universitário e no ambiente profissional. No segundo, o público alvo foram os docentes dos mesmos dois cursos que avaliaram o quanto são valorizadas as competências propostas nas diretrizes na realidade concreta das universidades e num quadro em que os respondentes considerariam ideal de ser atingido. No terceiro levantamento, com egressos do curso da universidade pública, os respondentes fizeram avaliação de quanto cada uma das competências foi valorizada e desenvolvida em sua formação universitária e o quanto elas têm sido importantes na sua atuação profissional. Como resultado tem-se um mosaico de percepções, em grande parte bastante divergentes, que aponta que a formação acadêmica continua privilegiando os conteúdos e não o desenvolvimento mais integral de competências e habilidades / Abstract: The adoption of national curriculum guidelines for courses in Engineering has completed more than ten years. One of his innovations was to propose the targeting of efforts in training future engineers not only on the information covered in the curricula. The training, according to the guidelines, should focus on developing skills, competencies and attitudes, which are equally or more important than the content taught to further the professional practice in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of students, graduates and teachers of as the greater or lesser use of skills in the proposed curriculum guidelines for training of production engineers. To achieve this overall objective type survey several surveys were conducted. The first respondent had the senior students of courses at a public university and a private university that assessed valuation of the various skills in the university environment and professional environment. In the second, the audience were teachers of the same two courses that assessed how skills are valued in the guidelines proposed in the concrete reality of universities and a framework in which respondents would consider ideal to be achieved. In the third survey, with students who graduated from public universities, respondents did review how each of the competencies was developed and valued in their university education and how they have been important in their professional practice. As a result, there is a mosaic of perceptions, mostly quite divergent, pointing that education continues focusing on the content and not the full development of skills and abilities / Mestre

A partir de registros de dois testemunhos, KF-12 localizado na Bacia de Campos e KF-18 na Bacia de Santos, ambos na margem continental sudeste brasileira, realizou-se a caracterização do Último Interglacial s.l., de 60 a 130 ka atrás. Primeiramente, estabeleceu-se um Modelo de Idade para o KF-12 tendo como referência a curva do KF-18 que já possuía uma boa cronologia. Com a curva do plexo Menardii, determinou-se as biozonas de Ericson e Wollin (1968) e constatou-se a diferença existente entre os limites da Zona X e do estágio isotópico marinho 5. Os limites inferidos para a biozona X foram 135,6 ka AP (limite inferior), e 82,3 ka AP (limite superior) para o testemunho KF-18 e; para o KF-12, 133,5 ka AP (limite inferior) a 88,4 ka AP (limite superior). O estágio isotópico marinho (MIS) 5, na região de estudo, compreende o intervalo entre 129,5 e 71,1 ka AP, em ambos os testemunhos. Também foram utilizados outros dados, tais como, razão isotópica em foraminífero planctônico, fauna, teor de carbonato, razão Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca através dos quais pôde-se estimar paleotemperaturas da superfície do mar, aporte de material terrígeno de acordo com as condições úmidas/seca da região de estudo durante o intervalo de interesse. Por fim, verificou-se que tanto os dados isotópicos de oxigênio (&#948;18O) do testemunho de gelo da Groenlândia (NGRIP) quanto os da razão de deutério da Antártica variaram de forma semelhante aos &#948;18O de foraminíferos bentônicos do KF-12 e KF-18, confirmando o sincronismo de tais registros. / The Last Interglacial Cycle s.l. (between 60 and 130 ky ago) was characterized through registers of two different cores in the Brazilian continental shelf, KF-12, located in Campos Basin and KF-18, located in Santos Basin. First an \"age model\" was established for KF-12, from the KF-18 curve that already had a good cronology. Using Menardii group curve, the biozones from Ericson e Wollin (1968) were established and the difference between the X Zone and the marine isotope stage 5 edges was noticed. The inferred limits for X biozone were 35,6 ky BP (inferior limit) and 82,3 ky BP (superior limit) for KF-18 core and 133,5 and 88,4 ky BP for KF-12 core. In both cores the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 was between 129,5 and 71,1 ky BP. Other data were also used in the study, such as isotope ratio in planktonic foraminifera, fauna, carbonate content, Ti/Ca and Fe/Ca ratios whereby humidity/dry conditions and continental runoff were inferred. Lastly, the study showed that both the oxygen isotope data from Greenland ice core (NGRIP) and the Antarctic deuterium ratio ranged in a similar way of the &#948;18O benthonic foraminifera from KF-12 and KF-18, confirming the data synchronism.

In the present study, the influence of geometric scale, unit orientation (alternatively, flow direction), and the dimensionless Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter quantities on the hydrodynamic loading of Core-Loc armour units is explored through a series of physical modelling tests under unsteady and oscillatory flow conditions.

Recent years have brought a resurgence of state-led plans to expand access to electricity over African polities. Nonetheless, and in line with deep-seated patterns of infrastructural and general abandonment by the centre, very few of those plans have seriously addressed poor, distant, sparse and scarcely endowed peripheral regions. Those rare instances have received scant attention in the literature, despite their precious value to single out key interactions between national electricity regimes and core-periphery political linkages. Addressing that gap, this thesis pays attention to schemes of peripheral electrification to better understand how African states govern their peripheries. To that end, it scrutinizes two schemes of electrification: northern Ghana from 1989 to 2012, and southeastern Tanzania from 2004 to 2015. The thesis argues that in northern Ghana central rulers embarked upon electrification against the odds of geographical determinism, guided as they were by political motivations, chief amongst them the extraction of narrow electoral rents. By contrast, in southeastern Tanzania central rulers endeavoured to tap into the abundance of gas, governed by a determination to advance business models inscribed in the national electricity regime. Ultimately though, the central rulers in Tanzania were forced to re-politicize electrification to appease the deep local resentment caused by the very extraction of gas flowing toward the capital. Both cases thus illuminate varying trajectories in the interplay between national electricity regimes and core-periphery political linkages, that shaped the territorial strategies of electrification. In addition, this thesis also offers two revelations. One first revelation is that sub-national units exert significant mediations in the linkages between core and periphery, via alterations of distributional settlements. This goes against a stream of literature that pays attention exclusively to vertical strategies engineered from political rulers in the centre. The second revelation is that over the long-term electrification alters the political linkages between core and periphery. This squares well with the predictions of theories about the infrastructural power of the state. All in all, this work affords an embryonic analytical elaboration on the strategies of territoriality in the electrification of regional peripheries in Africa. From a political geography perspective, this helps to illuminate how sub-national electrification can simultaneously redraw and reinforce long-entrenched political linkages between core and periphery.

With the transition to Common Core, school librarians are called to collaborate with teachers as well as to provide library media instruction for the preparation of our students in college and career readiness. How do we assist our teachers with Common Core instruction while preserving our love of fiction? How do we achieve Common Core Standards in our own instruction while sharing our treasured stories? Although Common Core focuses on informational text, there are numerous ways in which we can incorporate fiction as well as nonfiction into the curriculum.

Classroom teachers are provided instructional recommendations for teaching reading from their adopted core reading programs (CRPs). Explicit instruction elements or what is also called instructional moves, including direct explanation, modeling, guided practice, independent practice, discussion, feedback, and monitoring, were examined within CRP reading lessons. This study sought to answer the question: What elements of explicit instruction or instructional moves are included in the five most widely published CRP teachers’ edition lessons across five essential components of reading instruction? A content analysis of reading lessons in first, third, and fifth grades within current (copyright 2005-2010), widely used CRPs was conducted to determine the number and types of explicit instruction elements or instructional moves recommended within reading lessons for the following essential components of reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Findings offer several implications for publishers of CRPs and educators. First, guided practice was recommended most often in CRP lessons. Second, all five publishers were more similar than different in the number and types of explicit instruction elements or instructional move recommendations. All publishers rarely recommended the use of the explicit instruction elements of feedback and monitoring. Conversely, the explicit instruction elements or instructional moves of discussion and questioning were used almost to the exclusion of other elements of explicit instruction for comprehension lessons. It was also found that the recommendations to use elements of explicit instruction diminished from the lower to the upper grades—offering intermediate-grade teachers fewer explicit instruction recommendations.

An effective and safe vaccine against Hepatitis B virus already exists, yet morbidity and mortality of this illness are still high. The key to developing a reliable treatment is a deep knowledge of the virus' life cycle and functions of all its components. In the presented work we explored an interactome of the Core protein of the Hepatitis B virus. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification technique (BioID) coupled to mass spectrometry we have identified a list of potential candidates that are either significantly enriched (in total 105 proteins) or less abundant in the presence of the HBV Core protein in the cell (40 proteins). The list also includes known HBV Core interacting proteins SRPK1 and SRPK2, and p53 protein whose expression is known to be repressed due to the HBV Core interaction with the E2F1 transcription factor. Many of the newly identified possible HBV Core interacting proteins are involved in biological processes already known or are suspected to be influenced by the HBV such as translational and transporting processes or gene expression and macromolecule production. Overall, this work comprehensively characterizes the interaction landscape of the HBV Core protein in the live cells and might thus serve as a reliable start for in depth HBV-host interaction analysis. Key...