In the world of Descriptive Translation Studies, translationese refers to the specific traits that characterise the language used in translations. While translationese has been often investigated to illustrate that translational language is different from non-translational language, scholars have also proposed a set of hypotheses which may characterise such di erences. In the quest for the validation of these hypotheses, embracing corpus-based techniques had a well-known impact in the domain, leading to several advances in the past twenty years. Despite extensive research, however, there are no universally recognised characteristics of translational language, nor universally recognised patterns likely to occur within translational language. This thesis addresses these issues, with a less used approach in the eld of Descriptive Translation Studies, by investigating the nature of translational language from a machine learning perspective. While the main focus is on analysing translationese, this thesis investigates two related sub-hypotheses: simplication and explicitation. To this end, a multilingual learning framework is designed and implemented for the identification of translational language. The framework is modelled as a categorisation task, the learning techniques having the major goal to automatically learn to distinguish between translated and non-translated texts. The second and third major goals of this research are the retrieval of the recurring patterns that are revealed in the process of solving the task of categorisation, as well as the ranking of the most in uential characteristics used to accomplish the learning task. These aims are ful lled by implementing a system that adopts the machine learning methodology proposed in this research. The learning framework proves to be an adaptable multilingual framework for the investigation of the nature of translational language, its adaptability being illustrated in this thesis by applying it to the investigation of two languages: Spanish and Romanian. In this thesis, di erent research scenarios and learning models are experimented with in order to assess to what extent translated texts can be diff erentiated from non-translated texts in certain contexts. The findings show that machine learning algorithms, aggregating a large set of potentially discriminative characteristics for translational language, are able to diff erentiate translated texts from non-translated ones with high scores. The evaluation experiments report performance values such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure on two datasets. The present research is situated at the con uence of three areas, more precisely: Descriptive Translation Studies, Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing, justifying the need to combine these elds for the investigation of translationese and translational hypotheses.

Afin d'enrichir les données de corpus bilingues parallèles, il peut être judicieux de travailler avec des corpus dits comparables. En effet dans ce type de corpus, même si les documents dans la langue cible ne sont pas l'exacte traduction de ceux dans la langue source, on peut y retrouver des mots ou des phrases en relation de traduction. L'encyclopédie libre Wikipédia constitue un corpus comparable multilingue de plusieurs millions de documents. Notre travail consiste à trouver une méthode générale et endogène permettant d'extraire un maximum de phrases parallèles. Nous travaillons avec le couple de langues français-anglais mais notre méthode, qui n'utilise aucune ressource bilingue extérieure, peut s'appliquer à tout autre couple de langues. Elle se décompose en deux étapes. La première consiste à détecter les paires d’articles qui ont le plus de chance de contenir des traductions. Nous utilisons pour cela un réseau de neurones entraîné sur un petit ensemble de données constitué d'articles alignés au niveau des phrases. La deuxième étape effectue la sélection des paires de phrases grâce à un autre réseau de neurones dont les sorties sont alors réinterprétées par un algorithme d'optimisation combinatoire et une heuristique d'extension. L'ajout des quelques 560~000 paires de phrases extraites de Wikipédia au corpus d'entraînement d'un système de traduction automatique statistique de référence permet d'améliorer la qualité des traductions produites. Nous mettons les données alignées et le corpus extrait à la disposition de la communauté scientifique. / Working with comparable corpora can be useful to enhance bilingual parallel corpora. In fact, in such corpora, even if the documents in the target language are not the exact translation of those in the source language, one can still find translated words or sentences. The free encyclopedia Wikipedia is a multilingual comparable corpus of several millions of documents. Our task is to find a general endogenous method for extracting a maximum of parallel sentences from this source. We are working with the English-French language pair but our method -- which uses no external bilingual resources -- can be applied to any other language pair. It can best be described in two steps. The first one consists of detecting article pairs that are most likely to contain translations. This is achieved through a neural network trained on a small data set composed of sentence aligned articles. The second step is to perform the selection of sentence pairs through another neural network whose outputs are then re-interpreted by a combinatorial optimization algorithm and an extension heuristic. The addition of the 560~000 pairs of sentences extracted from Wikipedia to the training set of a baseline statistical machine translation system improves the quality of the resulting translations. We make both the aligned data and the extracted corpus available to the scientific community.

The purpose of this thesis was to build a specialised corpus of Banatian Czech. The theoretical section describes the historical and language situation in the Banat area focusing on its development since the 1990s to the present day. This is followed by a presentation and description of specialised corpora focusing on a corpus of spoken Czech. Building a specialised corpus named BANAT is documented in detail (method of collection, processing and transcription of records, building of corpora and publishing). The analysis of possessive pronouns, negative pronouns and adverbs and enclitics confirms a statistically significant difference between Banatian Czech and the present state of Czech language (in all observed phenomena except enclitics). Keywords Banat, Banatian Czech, Bigr, corpus BANAT, corpus building, Czech language abroad, pronouns, specialised corpora, spoken language

Há estudos que mostraram que o ácido N-metil-D-aspártico (NMDA), microinjetado nas estruturas do teto mesencefálico (corpos quadrigêmeos) de ratos evoca comportamentos defensivos do tipo pânico que podem ser seguidos por uma resposta antinociceptiva. Tem sido sugerido que respostas defensivas relacionadas ao medo organizadas por neurônios do tronco cerebral podem ser moduladas por projeções ascendentes mediadas pelo neurotransmissor 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT) do núcleo dorsal da rafe (NDR), e fenômenos antinociceptivos induzidos pelo medo inato podem ser organizados por vias serotoninérgicas descendentes também originadas no NDR. Os neurônios do NDR que originam tais conexões, por sua vez, podem ser moduladas por monoaminas que recrutam receptores 5-HT2A localizados no NDR. Não obstante, háuma escassez de estudos mostrando o papel dos receptores 5-HT2A do NDR na modulação do comportamento do tipo pânico e da antinocicepção induzida pelo medo inato organizados nos colículos superiores e inferiores. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a participação dos receptores 5-HT2A do NDR na modulação do comportamento de defesa organizado pelos corpos quadrigêmeos e da antinocicepção induzida pelo medo evocados por microinjeções de NMDA nos corpos quadrigêmeos. No experimento I, os animais receberam microinjeção de veículo (NaCl 0,9% / 0,2?L) ou 6, 9 e 12 nmol NMDA no CI. No experimento II, foi realizado o pré-tratamento do NDR com microinjeções de veículo ou o antagonista seletivo do receptor 5HT2A (R-96544) nas concentrações de 5, 10 e 15 nM. Dez minutos depois, o NMDA na dose mais efetiva (12 nmol) foi injetado no CI. Em ambos os experimentos, as respostas defensivas foram analisadas quantitativamente durante 10 min e, em seguida, as latências de retirada de cauda foram medidas a intervalos de 10 min durante 70 min. No experimento III, os animais receberam microinjeção de salina fisiológica ou NMDA (6, 9 e 12 nmol) nas cpSC. No experimento IV, a dose mais efetiva de NMDA (12 nmol) ou veículo foi precedida por microinjeções de veículo ou antagonista seletivo do receptor 5HT2A (R- 96544) em diferentes concentrações, 0.5, 5 e 10 nM. Ambos os efeitos pró-eversivos e antinociceptivos provocados pelas injecções intra-cpCS de NMDA foram atenuados pelo pré-tratamento do NDR com R-96544. No experimento V, a análise morfológica mostrou que os receptores 5-HT2A estão presentes nos interneurônios GABAérgicos do NDR. Em conjunto, esses achados sugerem que o bloqueio dos receptores 5-HT2A no NDR é capaz de atenuar tanto o comportamento defensivo do tipo pânico quanto a antinocicepção induzida pelo medo organizada pelos corpos quadrigêmeos. / There are studies that suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) microinjected into the midbrain tectum structures, such corpora quadrigemina, of rats evokes panic-like defensive behaviours that can be followed by an antinociceptive response. It has been suggested that fear-related defensive responses organised by brainstem neurons can be modulated by ascending projections mediated by the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and phenomena of innate fear-induced antinociception can be organised by descending serotonergic pathways also originating from the DRN. The DRN neurons that give rise to such connections, in turn, can be moduled by monoamines that recruit 5-HT2A receptors located in the DRN. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of studies showing the role of DRN 5-HT2A receptors in the modulation of panic-like behaviour and innate fearinduced antinociception organised by superior and inferior colliculi. The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of DRN 5-HT2A receptors in the modulation of panic-like behaviour and antinociception evoked by corpora quadrigemina injections of NMDA. In experiment I, the animals received microinjection of vehicle (0.9%NaCl/0.2?L) or 6, 9 and 12 nmol NMDA into the IC. In experiment II, it was performed the pretreatment of DRN with microinjections of vehicle or the 5HT2A receptor selective antagonist (R-96544) in a concentration of 5, 10 and 15 nM. Ten minutes later, NMDA at the most effective dose (12nmol) was injected in the IC. In both experiments, the defensive responses were quantitatively analysed for 10 min and then the tail-flick withdrawal latencies were measured at 10 min-intervals for 70 min. In experiment III, the animals received microinjection of physiological saline or NMDA (6, 9 and 12 nmol) into the deep layers of SC (dlSC). In experiment IV, the most effective dose of NMDA (12 nmol) or vehicle was preceded by microinjections of vehicle or 5HT2A receptor selective antagonist (R-96544) at different concentrations (0.5, 5, and 10 nM). Both proaversive and antinociceptive effects elicited by intra-dlSC injections of NMDA were attenuated by the pretreatment of the DRN with R-96544. In experiment V, the morphological analysis showed that 5-HT2A receptors are present in GABAergic interneurons in the DRN. Taken together, these findings suggest that the blockade of DRN 5-HT2A receptors decreased both panic attack-like defensive behaviour and fear- induced antinociception organised by the corpora quadrigemina neurons.

Ce travail sur la réduction segmentale (i.e. délétion ou réduction temporelle) en français spontané nous a permis non seulement de proposer deux méthodes de recherche pour les études en linguistique, mais également de nous interroger sur l'influence de différents facteurs de variation sur divers phénomènes de réduction et d'apporter des connaissances sur la propension à la réduction des segments. Nous avons appliqué la méthode descendante qui utilise l'alignement forcé avec variantes lorsqu’il s’agissait de phénomènes de réduction spécifiques. Lorsque ce n'était pas le cas, nous avons utilisé la méthode ascendante qui examine des segments absents et courts. Trois phénomènes de réduction ont été choisis : l'élision du schwa, la chute du /ʁ/ et la propension à la réduction des segments. La méthode descendante a été utilisée pour les deux premiers. Les facteurs en commun étudiés sont le contexte post-lexical, le style, le sexe et la profession. L’élision du schwa en syllabe initiale de mots polysyllabiques et la chute du /ʁ/ post-consonantique en finale de mots ne sont pas toujours influencées par les mêmes facteurs. De même, l’élision du schwa lexical et celle du schwa épenthétique ne sont pas conditionnées par les mêmes facteurs. L’étude sur la propension à la réduction des segments nous a permis d'appliquer la méthode ascendante et d’étudier la réduction des segments de manière générale. Les résultats suggèrent que les liquides et les glides résistent moins à la réduction que les autres consonnes et que les voyelles nasales résistent mieux à la réduction que les voyelles orales. Parmi les voyelles orales, les voyelles hautes arrondies ont tendance à être plus souvent réduites que les autres voyelles orales. / This study on segmental reduction (i.e. deletion or temporal reduction) in spontaneous French allows us to propose two research methods for linguistic studies on large corpora, to investigate different factors of variation and to bring new insights on the propensity of segmental reduction. We applied the descendant method using forced alignment with variants when it concerns a specific reduction phenomena. Otherwise, we used the ascendant method using absent and short segments as indicators. Three reduction phenomena are studied: schwa elision, /ʁ/ deletion and the propensity of segmental reduction. The descendant method was used for analyzing schwa elision and /ʁ/ deletion. Common factors used for the two studies are post-lexical context, speech style, sex and profession. Schwas elision at initial syllable position in polysyllabic words and post-consonantal /ʁ/ deletion at word final position are not always conditioned by the same variation factors. Similarly, lexical schwa and epenthetic schwa are not under the influence of the same variation factors. The study on the propensity of segmental reduction allows us to apply the ascendant method and to investigate segmental reduction in general. Results suggest that liquids and glides resist less the reduction procedure than other consonants and nasal vowels resist better reduction procedure than oral vowels. Among oral vowels, high rounded vowels tend to be reduced more often than other oral vowels.

Korpusdokumentation wird in dieser Arbeit als eine Voraussetzung für die Wiederverwendung von Korpora und als ein Bestandteil des Forschungsdatenmanagements verstanden, welches unter anderem die Veröffentlichung und Archivierung von Korpora umfasst. Verschiedene Forschungsdaten stellen ganz unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die Dokumentation und können auch unterschiedlich wiederverwendet werden. Ein geeignetes Anwendungsbeispiel stellen historische Textkorpora dar, da sie in vielen Fächern als empirische Grundlage für die Forschung genutzt werden können. Sie zeichnen sich im Weiteren durch vielfältige Unterschiede in ihrer Aufbereitung und durch ein komplexes Verhältnis zu der historischen Vorlage aus. Die Ergebnisse von Transkription und Normalisierung müssen als eigenständige Repräsentationen und Interpretationen im Vergleich zur Vorlage verstanden werden. Was müssen Forscherinnen und Forscher über ihr Korpus mit Hilfe von Metadaten dokumentieren, um dessen Erschließung und Wiederverwendung für andere Forscherinnen und Forscher zu ermöglichen? Welche Funktionen übernehmen dabei die Metadaten? Wie können Metadaten modelliert werden, um auf alle Arten von historischen Korpora angewendet werden zu können? Die Arbeit und ihre Fragestellung sind fest in einem interdisziplinären Kontext verortet. Für die Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurden Erkenntnisse und Methoden aus den Fachbereichen der Korpuslinguistik, der historischen Linguistik, der Informationswissenschaft sowie der Informatik theoretisch und empirisch betrachtet und für die Entwicklung eines Metamodells für Korpusmetadaten fruchtbar gemacht. Das im Rahmen dieser Arbeit in UML entwickelte Metamodell für Korpusmetadaten modelliert Metadaten von historischen textbasierten Korpora aus einer technisch-abstrakten, produktorientierten und überfachlichen Perspektive und ist in einer TEI-Spezifikation mit Hilfe der TEI-eigenen Modellierungssprache ODD realisiert. / Corpus documentation is a requirement for enabling corpus reuse scenarios and is a part of research data management which covers, among others, data publication and archiving. Different types of research data make differing demands on corpus documentation, and may be reused in various ways. Historical corpora represent an interesting and challenging use case because they are the foundation for empirical studies in many disciplines and show a great variety of reuse possibilities, of data creation, and of data annotation. Furthermore, the relation between the historical corpus and the historical original is complex. The transcription and normalisation of historical texts must be understood as independent representations and interpretations in their own right. Which kind of metadata information, then, must be included in a corpus documentation in order to enable intellectual access and reuse scenarios? What kind of role do metadata play? How can metadata be designed to be applicable to all types of historical corpora? These research questions can only be addressed with help of an interdisciplinary approach, considering findings and methods of corpus linguistics, historical linguistics, information science and computer science. The metamodel developed in this thesis models metadata of historical text-based corpora from a technical, abstract, and interdisciplinary point of view with help of UML. It is realised as a TEI-specification using the modelling language ODD.

O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma plataforma para anotação e classificação automática de entidades nomeadas para notícias escritas em português do Brasil. Para restringir um pouco o escopo do treinamento e análise foram utilizadas notícias esportivas do Campeonato Paulista de 2011 do portal UOL (Universo Online). O primeiro artefato desenvolvido desta plataforma foi a ferramenta WebCorpus. Esta tem como principal intuito facilitar o processo de adição de metainformações a palavras através do uso de uma interface rica web, elaborada para deixar o trabalho ágil e simples. Desta forma as entidades nomeadas das notícias são anotadas e classificadas manualmente. A base de dados foi alimentada pela ferramenta de aquisição e extração de conteúdo desenvolvida também para esta plataforma. O segundo artefato desenvolvido foi o córpus UOLCP2011 (UOL Campeonato Paulista 2011). Este córpus foi anotado e classificado manualmente através do uso da ferramenta WebCorpus utilizando sete tipos de entidades: pessoa, lugar, organização, time, campeonato, estádio e torcida. Para o desenvolvimento do motor de anotação e classificação automática de entidades nomeadas foram utilizadas três diferentes técnicas: maximização de entropia, índices invertidos e métodos de mesclagem das duas técnicas anteriores. Para cada uma destas foram executados três passos: desenvolvimento do algoritmo, treinamento utilizando técnicas de aprendizado de máquina e análise dos melhores resultados. / The main target of this research is to develop an automatic named entity classification tool to sport news written in Brazilian Portuguese. To reduce this scope, during training and analysis only sport news about São Paulo Championship of 2011 written by UOL2 (Universo Online) was used. The first artefact developed was the WebCorpus tool, which aims to make easier the process of add meta informations to words, through a rich web interface. Using this, all the corpora news are tagged manually. The database used by this tool was fed by the crawler tool, also developed during this research. The second artefact developed was the corpora UOLCP2011 (UOL Campeonato Paulista 2011). This corpora was manually tagged using the WebCorpus tool. During this process, seven classification concepts were used: person, place, organization, team, championship, stadium and fans. To develop the automatic named entity classification tool, three different approaches were analysed: maximum entropy, inverted index and merge tecniques using both. Each approach had three steps: algorithm development, training using machine learning tecniques and best score analysis.

This diploma thesis deals with the issues of numerals in the context of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The theoretical part describes the reasons why numerals are so problematic in the process of teaching and the common methodological recommendations for the teaching of numerals are described here as well. The goal of this thesis is to suggest the most suitable way to teach selected numerals along with the related grammatical cases. Numerals in the chosen textbooks of Czech for foreigners and the analysis of the chosen forms in the CzeSL-SGT learner corpora were analysed for this purpose. The analysis of the corpus helps to define the difficult cases in more detail. Based on the analyses, the worksheets were created for the chosen types of numerals that can be used in the teaching process. These materials also contain recommendations for working with the individual activities.

Introduction : l’innervation et la vascularisation des corps caverneux du pénis sont très difficilement explorables par les techniques de dissection anatomiques classiques. De ce fait, elles demeurent pas très bien connues. La dissection anatomique assistée par ordinateur (CAAD), combinant méthodes immuno-histochimiques et reconstruction tridimensionnelle représente un outil original permettant l’analyse microscopique des artères et des nerfs au sein des corps caverneux. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient donc d’étudier l’innervation et la vascularisation microscopique des corps caverneux par dissection anatomique assistée par ordinateur (CAAD).Matériel et méthodes : Des coupes histologiques sériées de pénis ont été réalisées chez huit cadavres adultes masculins et sur des pièces issues de pénnectomie pour cancer à l’hôpital du kremlin-Bicêtre. Les coupes ont été traitées par des méthodes histologiques (Hématoxyline-Eosine et trichrome de Masson) et immuno-histochimiques pour détecter les fibres nerveuses (anti-S100), les fibres somatiques (anti-PMP22), les fibres adrénergiques (anti-TH), cholinergiques (anti-VAChT) et nitrergiques (anti-nNOS). Les lames ont ensuite été numérisées par un scanner de haute résolution optique et les images bidimensionnelles ont été reconstruites en trois dimensions grâce au logiciel WinSurf. Résultats: La reconstruction tridimensionnelle des coupes histologiques immuno-marquées a permis de décrire l’innervation et la vascularisation des corps caverneux du pénis. Les artères et les nerfs du pénis sont très largement anastomosés entre eux.Les anastomoses entre les artères caverneuses et les artères urétrales se font en dehors de l’albuginée du corps spongieux d’où le terme de « shunts caverno-urétraux » utilisé dans ce travail pour qualifier ces vaisseaux anastomotiques.La vascularisation et l’innervation permettent de distinguer deux compartiments anatomiques distincts au niveau du pénis : une partie proximale (les 2/3 du pénis) autonome dont les artères et les nerfs proviennent du plexus hypogastrique inférieur (supra-lévatorien), et le tiers distal somatique dont les artères et les nerfs proviennent des artères et nerfs dorsaux du pénis (infra-lévatorien).Les communications entre les systèmes autonomes et somatiques (entre le plexus hypogastrique inférieur supra-lévatorien et le nerf pudendal infra-lévatorien) existent donc à quatre niveaux : proximal, intermédiaire, à la racine du pénis et intracaverneuses. Les communications intracaverneuses sont responsables des marquages autonomes observés dans les nerfs dorsaux du pénis. Elles confèrent également aux corps caverneux une sensibilité à peu près semblable à celui du gland au cours de l’acte sexuel.Conclusion: Nos résultats montrent de très nombreuses anastomoses vasculaires et nerveuses dans les corps caverneux entre les systèmes supra et infra-lévatoriens avec 2 régions anatomiques distinctes : les 2/3 proximaux érectiles et le 1/3 distal sensitif. Ces anastomoses permettent d’espérer une certaine plasticité dans la vascularisation et l’innervation du pénis en cas de dysérection. / Introduction: The innervation and the vascularization of the corpora cavernosa of the penis are very difficult searchable by the classical anatomic dissections. Therefore, they remain not very well known. The computer-assisted anatomic dissection (CAAD), combining immunohistochemical methods and three-dimensional reconstruction is a unique tool for the microscopic analysis of the arteries and nerves in the corpora cavernosa.The objectives of this study were therefore to investigate the microscopic innervation and vascularization of the corpora cavernosa by the CAAD.Materials and methods: Serial histological sections of penis were performed in eight adult male cadavers and one piece after penectomy for cancer in the hospital of Kremlin Bicetre. The sections were processed by histological methods (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome) and immunohistochemistry to detect nerve fibers (anti-S100), somatic fibers (anti-PMP22), adrenergic fibers (anti-TH), cholinergic fibers (anti-VAChT) and nitrergic fibers (anti-nNOS). The slides were then scanned by a high resolution scanner and two-dimensional images were reconstructed in three dimensions using WinSurf software.Results: Three-dimensional reconstruction of immunolabeled histological sections allowed describing the innervation and vascularization of the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The arteries and nerves of the penis are widely anastomosed.The anastomoses between the cavernous arteries and urethral arteries are outside the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum hence the term "cavernous urethral shunts".The innervation of the penis distinguishs two distinct anatomical portions: a proximal portion (2/3 of the penis) is autonomic whose arteries and nerves come from the inferior hypogastric plexus (supralevator), and the third including somatic distal nerves from the dorsal nerves of the penis (infralevator).The communications between autonomic and somatic systems (between the inferior hypogastric plexus and the pudendal nerve) exist in four levels: proximal, middle, crura of penis and intra-cavernous. The intra-cavernous communications are responsible for autonomic fibers observed in the dorsal nerves of the penis.Conclusion: Our results show a large number of vascular and nerve anastomoses in the corpora cavernosa between supra and infralevator sustems with two distinct anatomical regions: the 2/3 proximal erectile portion and 1/3 distal sensorial portion. These anastomoses provide a hope for the plasticity in the vascularization and innervation of the penis in cases of erectile dysfunction.

Dans la floraison d’écrits monastiques produits au IVe siècle, les Ascetica attribués à Basile de Césarée ont tenu une place particulière, qui est bien connue. Pourtant, la formation du corpus asceticum, le processus d’éditions multiples dont il a été l’objet, mais aussi les options doctrinales qu’il diffuse n’ont pas été éclaircis de façon satisfaisante. Sur la base d’éléments textuels jusqu’ici négligés, le présent travail se propose de réécrire l’histoire du texte et d’interroger la paternité basilienne de la collection. Il existe, en effet, depuis le Ve siècle au moins et jusqu’à l’époque moderne, un courant minoritaire qui doute de l’opportunité d’attribuer le « livre ascétique » au grand Basile et préfère lui donner pour auteur un autre évêque du IVe siècle, Eustathe de Sébaste, moins estimé de la tradition ecclésiastique. Si le doute sur la paternité basilienne des Ascetica est permis, alors il convient de réévaluer la place de Basile de Césarée dans l’histoire littéraire du mouvement monastique. C’est ce que nous nous proposons de faire dans cet ouvrage, en relisant de près des pièces littéraires qui, jusqu’à présent, n’étaient présentées que comme des « annexes » au dossier des Ascetica. / The Ascetica transmitted under the name of Basil of Caesarea have a special importance among the numerous monastic writings which emerged in the 4th century. If this point is very well-known, the gathering of the corpus asceticum, the multiple antique editions of the collection, and the doctrinal options which are found in this sum have not been really enlightened. On the basis of neglected textual and paleographic evidence, the present work aims at rewriting the history of the text and questioning the basilian paternity of the collection. From the 5th century to the Modern Times, some readers refused the attribution of the Ascetica to Basil the Great and preferred to ascribe them to another (but problematic) bishop of the 4th century: Eustathius of Sebasteia. If there are good reasons to reject the basilian paternity of the collection, it is necessary to reevaluate the role played by Basil of Caesarea in the literary history of the monastic movement. In the present volume, I try to re-read some literary texts which, until now, were just regarded as appendices to the dossier of the Ascetica.