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A mixed method research study on parole violations in South AfricaLouw, Francois Christiaan Marthinus 15 July 2014 (has links)
The researcher conducted a mixed method research study on parole violations from a South African perspective. In South Africa, there is limited research regarding the causes of parole violations. Thus, the study is mainly descriptive, but also exploratory in nature and considered a first of its kind. The study aimed to explore parole violation as a phenomenon through the perceptions, opinions, attitudes and incident recall of re-incarcerated parolees. Furthermore, the study aimed to describe the causes for parolees to fail on parole.
A two-phase sequential mixed methods research design was used that involved the collection and analysis of primarily quantitative data from self-administered questionnaires. These questionnaires were complemented by a qualitative data collection phase consisting of focus group interviews.
A representative sample (n=111) chosen according to the various ethnic groups was drawn from a population of 1 111 adult male parole violators in the Gauteng region (aligned to the regional divisions used by the Department of Correctional Services and not to the provincial borders) for the quantitative phase. Non-probability sampling was used to select 22 participants who volunteered for the second, qualitative phase of the study (focus group interviews).
Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyse the data collected from the questionnaires. The data was analysed by means of frequencies (frequency tables and graphs) to describe one variable and cross tabulations (contingency tables) to show bivariate quantitative data. All the focus group interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The transcripts provided a complete record of the discussions and helped to facilitate the analysis of the data according to identified, recurring themes.
On release, many stigmatised and rejected parolees face widespread post-release challenges that prevent successful reintegration. The study revealed that poor pre-release planning and post-release support, a lack of education, unemployment, substance abuse, and a loss of family support are described as the main causes of parole violations. The recommendations from the research findings showed the importance of pre-release planning, risk assessment, employment, education, treatment for drug and alcohol abuse, community partnerships, family involvement, and graduated responses to parole violations that are fair, consistent, and legal. / Penology / D.Lit. et Phil. (Penology)
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Penologiese ondersoek na korrektiewe toesigGerber, Frans Antonie 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie verhandeling onderneem die navorser 'n teoretiese en
filosofiese studie, binne 'n penologiese perspektief, ten einde
'n ondersoek na korrektiewe toesig as 'n alternatiewe strafvorm
te bepaa] • Kennis en insig wat sodoende ingesame] is, kan
aangewend word om die stelsel in Suid-Afrika te hevorder.
Hierdie verhandeling word verdeel in 'n inleiding oor die
metodologie en akademjese verantwoording van die studiegebied
van penologie, die rasionaal v1r die soeke na alternatiewe vir
korttermyngevangenisstraf; die historiese aanloop vir die
vestiging van korrektiewe toesig in Suid-Afrika, die funksionering
van die korrektiewe toesigstelsel van Suid-Af rika, die
funksionering van beide die basiese en intensiewe toesigstelsel
(IPS) van die Staat. Georgia <VSA). Die verhandeling word
afgesluit met 'n aantal aanbevelings ten opsigte van die
toepassing van korrektiewe toesig. / In this dis se rL:i ti on the rPsea t·che r n nde rt.a kes a t heo ret ica l and
philosophical study within a penological perspective in order to
investigate correctional supPrvision as an alternative form of
punishment. Knowledge and insight obtained in this way can be
applied to promote this system in Sout_h Africa.
The thesis is divided into an introduction relating to the
methodology and the academic responsibility of the study area of
penology, the rasionale for an alternative form of short term
imprisonment, the historical backgro11n<l to the establishment of
correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of
correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of
both the basic probation system and the intensive probation
system in Georgia (USA). This thesis is concluded with a number
of recommendations with regard to the implementation of correctional
supervision. / Sociology / M.A. (Penology)
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Managing curriculum policy implementation at correctional centres in selected South African provincesMoyo, Herman Boyzar 12 1900 (has links)
In terms of Section 29 (1) (a) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, No. 108 of 1996, everyone has the right to a basic education, including adult basic education. Notably, education is a basic human right even for those in conflict with the law (i.e. offenders). This study is geared towards investigating management of curriculum policy implementation at Correctional Centres in North West and Gauteng provinces in South Africa. It is therefore imperative for education managers in Correctional Centres to manage curriculum effectively and efficiently in order to avert criminal behaviour and relieve socio-economic hardships that citizens might experience. As the theoretical framework of this study, instructional leadership model would be engaged in order to foster the change required to make schools in Correctional Centres more effective and efficient teaching and learning environment.
Instructional leadership is a critical aspect of school leadership. Instructional leaders should ensure that every student receives the highest quality instruction in line with management of curriculum policy implementation. The study seeks to outline the challenges faced by research participants towards management of curriculum policy implementation in Correctional Centres and to identify possible solutions to those challenges. The anticipated possible outcome would be a development of a model towards the proper management of curriculum policy implementation strategy in correctional centres. For the purpose of conducting empirical research, the qualitative methodology will be used. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Education Management)
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A criminological analysis of the transfer of juveniles to adult correctional centreMathabathe, Mpho Patrick 02 1900 (has links)
Many young people in South Africa are involved in crime, especially violent crime. This statement is supported by statistics obtained from the Annual Report (2013:37) of the Judicial Inspectorate for Correctional Services which indicates that 26 282 young people were serving sentences in South African Correctional Centres at the end of the 2012/13 financial year. This annual report of the Department of Correctional Services (2013:13) indicates that at the time of the report, 11 000 offenders were sentenced to life imprisonment and a third of them were youth offenders. The majority of these young people have to be transferred from juvenile facilities to adult centres to continue their incarceration when they turn twenty one. This transition holds a number of challenges, both for these young people and the Department of Correctional Services. Young people are confronted with the reality of possibly falling victim to HIV/AIDS, gangs, sodomy and rape in overcrowded, adult correctional facilities. The Department of Correctional Services encounters problems in assisting these young people to adjust to this transition and the protection of these young people from assault and abuse by older inmates remains an institutional concern. The main aims of this research are to examine: the age at which juveniles are transferred to adult correctional centre to continue with their sentences; the factors taken into account before transfer; the challenges faced by youth offenders in adult correctional centre; and the needs of youth offenders in adult correctional facility. The study addresses the following questions:
• At what age are youth offenders transferred to adult correctional centre?
• What other factors besides age are considered before youth are transferred to adult correctional centre?
• Are there any preparatory measures in place to assist youth with the transfer?
• Are there any induction programmes available to assist youth adjusting in adult correctional facility?
• What are the challenges faced by youth in adult facility?
• What are the needs of youth offenders in adult facility? / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)
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Child diversion programme minimum standard compliance in the Western Cape : an explorative studyBerg, Sonja 07 August 2013 (has links)
The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the Western Cape Province's non-governmental child diversion programme compliance with the Minimum Programme Outcomes Standards developed by the Department of Social Development for programme accreditation. The Minimum Standards focus on optimal diversion outcomes for children in conflict with the law and were designed to ensure good diversion practice. The juvenile justice system has determined child diversion as a rehabilitative and cost-effective alternative justice option, positively contributing towards the curbing of re-offending among child offenders.
The research process was guided by a mixed method approach and utilised a structured questionnaire as well as comments and information stated by the respondents during the interview process. The questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of non-governmental diversion programme facilitators of the various diversion programme types to determine the level of programme compliance and to evaluate the implications that the results might hold for programme participants, service providers, as well as for the accreditation process.
The results of the study revealed a high level of Minimum Programme Outcomes Standards compliance, with an average of 83%. These results indicate that, in general, the programmes provided by non-governmental diversion service providers are complying with the Minimum Standards and are thereby ensuring good diversion practice. This should positively influence their eligibility for programme accreditation by the Department of Social Development. At the same time. the results of the study have pointed towards other challenges. which were evaluated and discussed. / Criminology / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)
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Offender classification as a rehabilitation toolLabane, Aaron 16 October 2013 (has links)
Since the Department of Correctional Services has been transformed into an institution of rehabilitation and the promotion of corrections has become a societal responsibility, there is a new dimension to the classification system whereby offenders are separated according to their potential for treatment and training programmes.
Research into offender classification as a tool to rehabilitate offenders in corrections was necessitated by the way in which assessment was used for classification. Corrections uses offender files as the only determinant of classification assessment. Simply investigating offender files and observing classification hearings does not reveal the full aspects of the character of the offender as an individual. Corrections does not use qualitative research to gain an understanding of real issues faced by the offender. The problems with classification are also quantity assessments that are too narrow. Most correctional institutions believe that better data and statistical analysis will in one way or the other improve the situation for offenders and correctional officials. Staffs have limited skills and lack the appropriate training to support the rehabilitation of offenders. This remains an obstacle to the delivery and transformation of the department and implies that there is ineffective treatment of offenders. The increasing dissatisfaction with treatment and rehabilitation services available to offenders in South African prisons can result in an increase in recidivism. All of the above are reasons why this research became important.
The investigation contributes largely to scientific knowledge regarding the importance of classification for each individual within corrections. In this research the extent to which classification treatment rehabilitation arrangements are based on the concept of differential treatment is studied. This implies that offenders' needs and problems must be specific and treated on an individualised basis. This study focuses on classifying offenders as a means to rehabilitate them effectively. Particular emphasis will be placed on philosophical approaches, theoretical frameworks and the effectiveness of offenders' treatment through the utilisation of reliable assessment tools. This research was conducted through an extensive literature study by examining offender classification as a rehabilitation tool from a Penological perspective. International and national approaches as well as standards for the treatment of offenders and a range of rehabilitation programmes were also studied. / Department of Penology / M.A. (Penology)
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'n Multi-dissiplinere jeugregstelsel vir die landdrosdistrik van KaapstadNilsson, Niels 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus in this research report is the violation of the constitutional rights of a young person in
conflict with the law in the Cape Town Magisterial District. This violation is caused by the lack
of collaboration between the different role players. The situation can be rectified with a policy
intervention which will ensure multi-disciplinary collaboration between the role players.
The researcher proves that stipulations in section 28 of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996, are
violated because the different role players in the juvenile justice system of Cape Town
magisterial district work in a fragmented manner and do not operate as a unit. The young person
in conflict with law is harmed in this process. The situation can be rectified through a policy
intervention. The policy intervention entails a uniform administrative procedure, the drafting and
implementation of a working agreement between the role players, establishing a communication
network, combined and integrated training and a multi-disciplinary committee that evaluates and
monitors these aspects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie navorsingverslag is die skending van die grondwetlike regte van die jong
persoon in botsing met die gereg binne die Kaapstad se landdrosdistrik. Die skendings is vanweë
die gebrek aan samewerking tussen die verskillende rolspelers. Die situasie kan deur middel van
'n beleidintervensie reggestel word ten einde multi-dissiplinêre samewerking tussen die
rolspelers te verseker.
Die navorser bewys dat bepalings in artikel 28 van die Grondwet, Wet 108 van 1996, geskend
word omdat die verskillende rolspelers in die jeugregstel van Kaapstad se landdrosdistrik
gefragmenteerd werk en nie as 'n eenheid funksioneer nie. Die jong persoon in botsing met die
gereg word benadeel in die proses. Die situasie kan deur middel van 'n beleidsintervensie
reggestel word. Die beleidsintervensie behels dat daar 'n eenvormige administratiewe proses
gevolg word, 'n samewerkingsooreenkoms tussen die rolspelers opgestel word, 'n
kommunikasienetwerk gevestig word, gesamentlike en geïntegreerde opleiding plaasvind en dat
'n multi-dissiplinêre komitee die gemelde aspekte evalueer en moniteer.
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An analysis of the implementation of a diversion programme for juvenile offendersCupido, Miltoinette Antonia 02 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the implementation of, as well as identifying problem areas
associated with the YES-programme offered by NICRO.
This specific programme was chosen because most of the young offenders referred to
NICRO complete this programme. Young offenders are referred to the programme by
the magistrates' court. These are youth that have been arrested for petty crimes such
as shoplifting, damage to property and possession of drugs. This programme is also
aimed at first time offenders but it became evident throughout the study that these
youths might have been arrested once but seems to have been involved in crime at
some level prior to being arrested. Youth between the ages of thirteen and eighteen
years are accepted into the programme, with exceptions sometimes made for nineteen
year olds who are still attending school. Participation in the programme is strictly
voluntary, but there must be an admission of guilt on the part of the youth before
he/she will be considered for this kind of diversionary alternative. The programme
attempts to involve both parent and child in the process of learning and therefore
parents are required to attend the first and last sessions with their children. Sessions
attended by parents. focus on the improving relationships and communication between
parent and child.
The programme is viewed as an alternative sanction, and will enable youth to be
punished for their crimes whilst at the same time learning new skills, and most
importantly, not gaining a criminal record. The programme stretches over eight weeks
with weekly sessions that focus on self-concept, decision-making, children's rights
and respecting both themselves and those around them.
The researcher formed part of the process through both facilitating sessions as well as
observing sessions. For these reasons the research methodology focussed primarily on
participant observation and interviews. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op die proses van implementering en die identifisering van
probleemareas binne die YES-program wat deur NICRO aangebied word.
Die YES-program was spesifiek gekies omdat meeste van die jeugdiges wat na
NICRO verwys word hierdie program voltooi. Jeugdiges word deur die hof verwys
na die program wat dien as 'n afwentelingsprogram. Hierdie jeugdiges word meestal
gearresteer vir geringe misdade soos winkeldiefstal, beskadiging van eiendom, en
die besit van dwelms. Die jeugdiges word ook aanbeveel vir die program omdat dit
hulle eerste arrestasie is, maar tydens die studie word dit duidelik dat alhoewel dit
die eerste keer is dat die jeugdiges gearresteer word, dit nie hul eerste oortreding is
me.
Die program word beskou as 'n alternatiewe sanksie, en dit poog om die jeugdige te
straf vir sy/haar daad maar ook terselfdetyd nuwe vaardighede aan te leer, en meer
belangrik te voorkom dat die jeugdige 'n kriminele rekord kry. Die program strek
oor agt weeklike sessies wat fokus op self-konsep, besluitneming, kinderregte en
respek. Jeugdiges tussen die ouderdom van dertien en agtienjaar word verwys na die
program, maar uitsonderings word ook soms gemaak vir jeugdiges van
neëntienjarige ouderdom mits hulle nog skool bywoon. Die program poog om beide
ouer en kind te betrek in die proses, en dus word ouers verplig om die eerste en
laaste sessies saam met die jeugdiges by te woon. Die sessies wat deur die ouers
bygewoon word fokus veralop die verbetering van verhoudings en kommunikasie
tussen ouer en kind. Deelname aan die program is vrywillig maar die jeugdige moet
skuldig pleit voordat hy/sy inaggeneem kan word vir die afwentelingsprogram.
Die navorser het deel van die proses uitgemaak deur beide programme waar te neem
sowel as programme te fasiliteer. Die navorsingsmetode wat dus benut was, was
deelnemende waarneming sowel as onderhoudvoering.
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Nuclear structure calculations using many-body perturbation theory with a separable interactionStevenson, Paul January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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From Classical to Quantum Secret SharingChouha, Paul-Robert 04 1900 (has links)
Dans ce mémoire, nous nous pencherons tout particulièrement sur une primitive cryptographique connue sous le nom de partage de secret. Nous explorerons autant le domaine classique que le domaine quantique de ces primitives, couronnant notre étude
par la présentation d’un nouveau protocole de partage de secret quantique nécessitant
un nombre minimal de parts quantiques c.-à-d. une seule part quantique par participant.
L’ouverture de notre étude se fera par la présentation dans le chapitre préliminaire d’un
survol des notions mathématiques sous-jacentes à la théorie de l’information quantique ayant pour but primaire d’établir la notation utilisée dans ce manuscrit, ainsi que la présentation d’un précis des propriétés mathématique de l’état de Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) fréquemment utilisé dans les domaines quantiques de la cryptographie et des jeux de la communication. Mais, comme nous l’avons mentionné plus haut, c’est le domaine cryptographique qui restera le point focal de cette étude. Dans le second chapitre, nous nous intéresserons à la théorie des codes correcteurs d’erreurs classiques et quantiques qui seront à leur tour d’extrême importances lors de l’introduction de la théorie quantique du partage de secret dans le chapitre suivant.
Dans la première partie du troisième chapitre, nous nous concentrerons sur le domaine
classique du partage de secret en présentant un cadre théorique général portant
sur la construction de ces primitives illustrant tout au long les concepts introduits par
des exemples présentés pour leurs intérêts autant historiques que pédagogiques. Ceci
préparera le chemin pour notre exposé sur la théorie quantique du partage de secret qui
sera le focus de la seconde partie de ce même chapitre. Nous présenterons alors les
théorèmes et définitions les plus généraux connus à date portant sur la construction de
ces primitives en portant un intérêt particulier au partage quantique à seuil. Nous montrerons le lien étroit entre la théorie quantique des codes correcteurs d’erreurs et celle du partage de secret. Ce lien est si étroit que l’on considère les codes correcteurs d’erreurs quantiques étaient de plus proches analogues aux partages de secrets quantiques que ne leur étaient les codes de partage de secrets classiques. Finalement, nous présenterons un de nos trois résultats parus dans A. Broadbent, P.-R. Chouha, A. Tapp (2009); un protocole sécuritaire et minimal de partage de secret quantique a seuil (les deux autres résultats dont nous traiterons pas ici portent sur la complexité de la communication et sur la simulation classique de l’état de GHZ). / In this thesis, we will focus on a cryptographic primitive known as secret sharing. We
will explore both the classical and quantum domains of such schemes culminating our
study by presenting a new protocol for sharing a quantum secret using the minimal number of possible quantum shares i.e. one single quantum share per participant. We will start our study by presenting in the preliminary chapter, a brief mathematical survey of quantum information theory (QIT) which has for goal primarily to establish the notation
used throughout the manuscript as well as presenting a précis of the mathematical
properties of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-state, which is used thoroughly in
cryptography and in communication games. But as we mentioned above, our main focus
will be on cryptography. In chapter two, we will pay a close attention to classical and
quantum error corrections codes (QECC) since they will become of extreme importance
when we introduce quantum secret sharing schemes in the following chapter. In the
first part of chapter three, we will focus on classical secret shearing, presenting a general framework for such a primitive all the while illustrating the abstract concepts with examples presented both for their historical and analytical relevance. This first part (chapters one and two) will pave the way for our exposition of the theory of Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS), which will be the focus of the second part of chapter three. We will present then the most general theorems and definitions known to date for the construction of such primitives putting emphasis on the special case of quantum threshold schemes. We will show how quantum error correction codes are related to QSS schemes and show how this relation leads to a very solid correspondence to the point that QECC’s are closer analogues to QSS schemes than are the classical secret sharing primitives. Finally, we will present one of the three results we have in A. Broadbent, P.-R. Chouha, A. Tapp (2009) in particular, a secure minimal quantum threshold protocol (the other two results deal with communication complexity and the classical simulation of the GHZ-state).
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