This essay is premised on two assumptions: first, that concepts change their meaning; second, that the examination of the relationship between language and action - two central components of the public sphere - illuminates the process of change. Three models of conceptual change are critically discussed through their language-action axis. The first, adduced by German historian of concepts Reinhart Koselleck, assumes that conceptual change results from a gap between language and action. The second, put forward by historian of political thought Quentin Skinner, argues that conceptual change is produced by political theorists that are doing something when writing; language, according to this model is (sometimes) a form of action. The third model is derived from the American PC movement, which, it is argued here, presents us with a theory and a practice of conceptual change. According to this model, conceptual change results from a deliberate change of language by social agents. Language, as maintained by this model, is the world; action cannot be discussed separately from language since everything exists only through language. As we move from one model to the next we see that the place language assumes in both political theory and practice is increasing in relation to, and at the expense of, action. This essay argues that the mid-twentieth century "linguistic turn," coupled with the growing influence of postmodernism on political theory and practice, results in a distorted picture of the polls. This weakens the ability of political theory to make intelligible the world around us, and also its effectiveness as a guide for action. This tendency must be remedied i f political theory and practice wishes to remain relevant to the public sphere. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

ii Abstract The topic of his thesis, "Social Sustainability", arising from the social sciences, specifically sociology, has naturally its core focus on society and its functioning. To be more exact, the functioning of society in context of integration, which is an ever more growing topic in the globalised world we live in. In relation to this thesis, an integrational project/workshop has been carried out at a folk high school, Brandbjerg, in Denmark, with the purpose to practically test, the methodological measurability of change in subjectivity. Worth mentioning, that the hosting community, in terms of immigration, was in focus and its perception on variation of habitus. Hereto, Q-Methodology from William Stephenson functioned as the foundation for the development of the workshop, as well as it aided the analysis of the therefrom taken data, to determine a change in the participants subjectivity. The aim of this practical implementation, was to put the findings into perspective of the theoretical framework of sustainability, specifically social sustainability. The findings served in combination with face to face interaction as part of social integration, to underline the need for sustainable integration and an alteration of social sustainability upon further research. A tendency was determined as being the...

This thesis examines how 'othering' discourse can be used to construct and negotiate boundaries and shape collective identities within online spaces. Through a mixed-method approach of thematic analysis and a netnographic study, and by drawing on theoretical concepts of online othering and identity formation, this thesis explores how the Gamergate community r/KotakuInAction can be understood in relation to Gamergate, the Alt-Right and society at large. The results show that the community perceive and construct the SJW as a common adversary – a monstrous representation of feminism, progressiveness and political correctness. The analysis also revealed how racist rhetorics and white male anxieties characterize the communitys' othering discourse. Through an in-depth study of user-submitted comment, this thesis argues that r/KotakuInAction's collective identity is fluid and reactionary in nature, characterized by a discourse that is indicative of Alt-Right ideology and white male supremacy. Future research should further explore the network of communities that r/KotakuInAction is part of, as well as examine how the community transform over time.

The phenomenon of political correctness is a fairly complicated phenomenon which creates a lot of controversy and draws a lot of attention. Despite the fact that political correctness was in the United States discussed mainly in the 1980s and 1990s, it does not mean the topic of political correctness is already out of public life. The author asks why political correctness is criticized, focusing on the question of education and through literature research - both secondary nad primary - comes to the conclusion that it is mainly due to unintended consequences of the phenomenon, chiefly through limitations imposed on the freedom of speech - either real or perceived, and also generally having a chilling effect on public discourse or lack of tolerance towards dissent. At the same time, cultural polarization of American society manifests itself quite strongly in the debate about universities. The polarization keeps the debate in a stalemate as neither side of the debate - liberal or conservative - seems to be willing to reconsider its position.

The use of AI tools for code generation is increasing in popularity, and two of these tools are ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot. These tools could potentially reduce development time and costs for developers and companies, however, ensuring the correctness and quality of AI-generated code is crucial for its adoption. This study conducted a quantitative controlled experiment to evaluate the code generation capabilities of Copilot and ChatGPT in terms of code correctness and quality. The experiment aimed to address research questions regarding the performance of these AI tools. The results indicate that both ChatGPT and Copilot can generate correct code from given instructions, though there is room for improvement. ChatGPT achieved a correctness rate of 87.33%, while Copilot performed slightly better at 89%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in code correctness between the two tools. Regarding code quality, ChatGPT demonstrated impressive performance, with 98.52% of generated lines free from quality rule violations. Furthermore, 80.7% of ChatGPT-generated algorithms had no quality rule violations. Copilot generated correct lines for 94.07% of total lines but only achieved 64.7% of algorithms with no quality rule violations. The statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference in code quality between ChatGPT and Copilot, indicating that ChatGPT generally produces higher quality code. This research contributes to understanding the capabilities of AI code generation tools and highlights their potential to produce correct and high-quality code.

The role that grammar should occupy in the teaching of the Spanish language, and of languages in general, has varied throughout history. From taking a central role in the grammar-translation method to positioning grammar on the periphery and implicitly teaching it in the communicative approach. The teaching of grammar is part of the training of students once they pass the introductory and most basic level of the language, so we will study how this process occurs in the classrooms of a couple of schools in the region of Skåne. For this we will make a distinction between the teaching of grammar explicitly and the implicit teaching of it. Our research is based on the testimonies of two professors with extensive academic competence on the subject and with a large number of years of experience. Through semi-structured interviews, we had access to detailed information about the choice of the way in which they work, and we corroborated that they favor explicit grammar teaching because, according to our informants, this provides solid knowledge, saves time and effort to students to form grammatical structures, students request it and have a positive attitude towards it and it motivates them. It is also the form that gives the best results for learning the language, in combination with the advantages of the communicative approach, affirm the teachers interviewed. Another aspect in our research that our informants confirm is the lack of materials for the formal teaching of grammar, since said material is almost non-existent in manuals for language teaching, so the responsibility to find, and in many cases create these materials rests with the teachers. This aspect together with the fact that the choice to teach explicit grammar in class may lead to more research that has an echo in the Skolverket curricula so that materials that cover these needs are developed. On the other hand, based on the information collected by our informants, we can say that it does not seem necessary to us that there is a sharp dichotomy between the grammar-translation method and the communicative approach, but rather that both methods be reconciled in a harmonious way. That is to say, that the best of both methods is taken advantage of without having to choose between one or the other in a clear way. Our research can serve to guide such future research.

Hay una controversia entre los términos castellano y español para la lengua mayoritariamente hablada en Hispanoamérica. No existen muchos estudios sobre las actitudes hacia estos dos términos. Por lo tanto, queremos investigar cuáles son las actitudes de los hispanohablantes que residen en Suecia hacia castellano y español y si su mudanza ha cambiado estas actitudes. Nuestras preguntas de investigación son: (1) ¿Cuáles actitudes muestran los hispanoamericanos que viven en Suecia hacia los términos castellano y español? (2) ¿Cuáles factores afectan las actitudes hacia los términos castellano y español? Y particularmente ¿constituye la mudanza a Suecia uno de tales factores? El método usado por esta investigación es el método cualitativo a través de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que la identidad es una gran parte de las actitudes hacia los dos términos, especialmente la identidad nacional. Corrección es asimismo parte de las actitudes hacia los términos. También la mudanza a Suecia ha afectado el uso de los dos términos. Esta investigación es importante para conocer la cultura hispanoamericana o hispanohablante

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