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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Métodos numéricos para o retoque digital /

Santos, Claudia Augusta dos. January 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Maurílio Boaventura / Banca: Antonio Castelo Filho / Banca: Heloisa Helena Marino Silva / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho þe aplicar Mþetodos Numþericos de ordem de precisão mais alta ao problema de Retoque Digital, visando melhorar a qualidade da aproximação quando comparada com o Método de Euler, que þe geralmente utilizado para esse tipo de problema. Para testar a eficiência de tais métodos, utilizamos três modelos de Retoque Digital: o modelo proposto por Bertalmþýo, Sapiro, Ballester e Caselles (BSBC), o modelo de Rudin, Osher e Fatemi conhecido como Variacional Total (TV) e o modelo de Chan e Shen, chamado de Difusão Guiada pela Curvatura (CDD). / Abstract: The purpose of this work is to apply Numerical Methods of higher order to the problem of Digital Inpainting, aiming to improve the quality of the approach when compared with the Euler’s Method which is generally used for this kind of problem. To test the e ciency of these methods we use three models of Digital Inpainting: the model considered by Bertalmþýo, Sapiro, Ballester and Caselles (BSBC), the model of Rudin, Osher and Fatemi known as Total Variation (TV) and the model of Chan and Shen, named Curvature Driven Di usion (CDD) / Mestre
52

Conception et synthèse d’iminosucres di- à tétravalents comme sondes mécanistiques et agents thérapeutiques potentiels / Design and synthesis of di- or tetravalent iminosugars as mechanistic probes and potential therapeutic agents

Stauffert, Fabien 27 November 2015 (has links)
Dans un contexte où les iminosucres multivalents représentent, en tant qu’inhibiteurs puissants de glycosidases, des structures privilégiées pour le développement de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques, nous nous sommes intéressés à ce type de composés pour le traitement de deux maladies génétiques rares. Le premier axe de recherche a consisté à synthétiser des iminosucres di- à tétravalents en série 1-désoxymannojirimycine dans le but d’inhiber l’α1,2-mannosidase I du réticulum endoplasmique qui est impliquée dans la destruction de la protéine delF508-CFTR chez les malades atteints de la mucoviscidose. Un effet multivalent fort sur la correction de cette protéine mutée a alors été mis en évidence avec un composé trivalent basé sur le pentaérythritol. Efficace à des concentrations submicromolaires, ce dernier s’est montré 140 fois plus efficace que le modèle monovalent correspondant. Le second axe de recherche a consisté à identifier de nouveaux chaperons pharmacologiques de la β-glucocérébrosidase, l’enzyme lysosomale impliquée dans la maladie de Gaucher. Pour cela, nous avons préparé une série d’iminosucres hétérodivalents conçus pour cibler simultanément le site actif et un site secondaire de cette enzyme. Même si cet objectif n’a pas encore été atteint, nous avons malgré tout mis en évidence des chaperons monovalents capables de quasiment quadrupler l’activité de la β-glucocérébrosidase portant la mutation G202R. En marge de ces deux axes principaux, une sonde mécanistique basée sur un C-glycoside multivalent a également été développée dans le but de préciser les mécanismes à l’origine des effets multivalents puissants observés pour l’inhibition des glycosidases. / Because multivalent iminosugars represent, as potent glycosidase inhibitors, privileged structures for the design of novel drugs, we took a particular interest in this class of compounds for the treatment of two rare genetic diseases. The first research topic was dedicated to the synthesis of di- to tetravalent iminosugars in the 1-deoxymannojirimycin series in order to inhibit the endoplasmic reticulum α1,2-mannosidase I involved in the destruction of delF508-CFTR, the mutant protein responsible of cystic fibrosis. A strong multivalent effect for restoring its activity in cells was reported with a trivalent analogue based on pentaerythritol. This submicromolar corrector was found to be 140-fold more potent than the corresponding monovalent model. The second research topic focused on the identification of novel pharmacological chaperones of the β-glucocerebrosidase, the lysosomal enzyme involved in Gaucher’s disease. For this purpose, we developed a series of heterodivalent iminosugars designed to both bind to the active site and a secondary site of the enzyme. This goal could not be reached yet, nevertheless we identified monovalent chaperones which were able to fourfold increase β-glucocerebrosidase activity in G202R cell lines. Next to these main research topics, a mechanistic probe based on a multivalent C-glycoside was also developed to investigate the multivalent effect of iminosugar clusters in glycosidase inhibition.
53

Aberration Corrector for an Exclusively Low-Voltage Electron Microscopy / Aberration Corrector for an Exclusively Low-Voltage Electron Microscopy

Bačovský, Jaromír January 2021 (has links)
Současný vývoj v oblasti nízkovoltové elektronové mikrokospie vede ke zlepšování prostorového rozlišení cestou korekce elektronově-optických vad. V posledních letech se implementace korektorů u konvenčních elektronových mikroskopů (50-200 kV) stává standardem. Nicméně zabudování korektoru do malého stolního prozařovacího mikroskopu pracujícího s nízkým urychlovacím napětím je stále výzva. Velmi vhodným řešením korekce otvorové vady u takovýchto přístrojů se zdá být koncept hexapólového korektoru založeného na bázi permantních magnetů umožňující zachovat minimální rozměry stolního transmisního mikroskopu. Přednosti a potenciál Roseho hexapólového korektoru vzhledem k použití v nízkovoltových systémech jsou předmětem kritické analýzy obsažené v této práci, včetně zásadního příspěvku tohoto korektoru k celkové chromatické vadě přístroje. Chromatická vada zůstává, navzdory veškeré snaze o její minimalizaci, zcela zásadním aspektem při návrhu korektoru. Koncept představený v rámci této dizertační práce je určen především pro skenovací prozařovací transmisní mód z důvodu omezení nárůstu chromatické vady způsobeného průchodem elektronového svazku preparátem. V práci lze také nalézt podrobný popis navržených kompenzačních systémů korektoru určených k precisnímu seřízení optické soustavy.
54

A Geometry-Based Motion Planner for Direct Machining and Control

Cheatham, Robert M. 13 July 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Direct Machining And Control (DMAC) is a new method of controlling machine tools directly from process planning software. A motion planning module is developed for the DMAC system that operates directly off path geometry without pre-tessellation. The motion planner is developed with the intent to process Bezier curves. The motion planning module includes a deterministic predictor-corrector-type curve interpolator, a dynamics limiting module, and a two-pass jerk-limited speed profiling algorithm. The methods are verified by machining an automotive surface in a clay medium and evaluating the resultant machine dynamics, feed rate, and chordal error throughout the machining process.
55

Study of Higher Order Split-Step Methods for Stiff Stochastic Differential Equations

Singh, Samar B January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Stochastic differential equations(SDEs) play an important role in many branches of engineering and science including economics, finance, chemistry, biology, mechanics etc. SDEs (with m-dimensional Wiener process) arising in many applications do not have explicit solutions, which implies the development of effective numerical methods for such systems. For SDEs, one can classify the numerical methods into three classes: fully implicit methods, semi-implicit methods and explicit methods. In order to solve SDEs, the computation of Newton iteration is necessary for the implicit and semi-implicit methods whereas for the explicit methods we do not need such computation. In this thesis the common theme is to construct explicit numerical methods with strong order 1.0 and 1.5 for solving Itˆo SDEs. The five-stage Milstein(FSM)methods, split-step forward Milstein(SSFM)methods and M-stage split-step strong Taylor(M-SSST) methods are constructed for solving SDEs. The FSM, SSFM and M-SSST methods are fully explicit methods. It is proved that the FSM and SSFM methods are convergent with strong order 1.0, and M-SSST methods are convergent with strong order 1.5.Stiffness is a very important issue for the numerical treatment of SDEs, similar to the case of deterministic ordinary differential equations. Stochastic stiffness can lead someone to use smaller step-size for the numerical simulation of the SDEs. However, such issues can be handled using numerical methods with better stability properties. The analysis of stability (with multidimensional Wiener process) shows that the mean-square stable regions of the FSM methods are unbounded. The analysis of stability shows that the mean-square stable regions of the FSM and SSFM methods are larger than the Milstein and three-stage Milstein methods. The M-SSST methods possess large mean square stability region as compared to the order 1.5 strong Itˆo-Taylor method. SDE systems simulated with the FSM, SSFM and M-SSST methods show the computational efficiency of the methods. In this work, we also consider the problem of computing numerical solutions for stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs) of Itˆo form with a constant lag in the argument. The fully explicit methods, the predictor-corrector Euler(PCE)methods, are constructed for solving SDDEs. It is proved that the PCE methods are convergent with strong order γ = ½ in the mean-square sense. The conditions under which the PCE methods are MS-stable and GMS-stable are less restrictive as compared to the conditions for the Euler method.
56

Stabilita a konvergence numerických výpočtů / Stability and convergence of numerical computations

Sehnalová, Pavla Unknown Date (has links)
Tato disertační práce se zabývá analýzou stability a konvergence klasických numerických metod pro řešení obyčejných diferenciálních rovnic. Jsou představeny klasické jednokrokové metody, jako je Eulerova metoda, Runge-Kuttovy metody a nepříliš známá, ale rychlá a přesná metoda Taylorovy řady. V práci uvažujeme zobecnění jednokrokových metod do vícekrokových metod, jako jsou Adamsovy metody, a jejich implementaci ve dvojicích prediktor-korektor. Dále uvádíme generalizaci do vícekrokových metod vyšších derivací, jako jsou např. Obreshkovovy metody. Dvojice prediktor-korektor jsou často implementovány v kombinacích modů, v práci uvažujeme tzv. módy PEC a PECE. Hlavním cílem a přínosem této práce je nová metoda čtvrtého řádu, která se skládá z dvoukrokového prediktoru a jednokrokového korektoru, jejichž formule využívají druhých derivací. V práci je diskutována Nordsieckova reprezentace, algoritmus pro výběr proměnlivého integračního kroku nebo odhad lokálních a globálních chyb. Navržený přístup je vhodně upraven pro použití proměnlivého integračního kroku s přístupe vyšších derivací. Uvádíme srovnání s klasickými metodami a provedené experimenty pro lineární a nelineární problémy.
57

Impact of cholesterol and Lumacaftor on the folding of CFTR helical hairpins

Schenkel, Mathias, Ravamehr-Lake, Dorna, Czerniak, Tomasz, Saenz, James P., Krainer, Georg, Schlierf, Michael, Deber, Charles M. 07 December 2023 (has links)
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene that codes for the chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recent advances in CF treatment have included use of small-molecule drugs known as modulators, such as Lumacaftor (VX-809), but their detailed mechanism of action and interplay with the surrounding lipid membranes, including cholesterol, remain largely unknown. To examine these phenomena and guide future modulator development, we prepared a set of wild type (WT) and mutant helical hairpin constructs consisting of CFTR transmembrane (TM) segments 3 and 4 and the intervening extracellular loop (termed TM3/4 hairpins) that represent minimal membrane protein tertiary folding units. These hairpin variants, including CF-phenotypic loop mutants E217G and Q220R, and membrane-buried mutant V232D, were reconstituted into large unilamellar phosphatidylcholine (POPC) vesicles, and into corresponding vesicles containing 70 mol% POPC +30 mol% cholesterol, and studied by single-molecule FRET and circular dichroism experiments. We found that the presence of 30 mol% cholesterol induced an increase in helicity of all TM3/4 hairpins, suggesting an increase in bilayer cross-section and hence an increase in the depth of membrane insertion compared to pure POPC vesicles. Importantly, when we added the corrector VX-809, regardless of the presence or absence of cholesterol, all mutants displayed folding and helicity largely indistinguishable from the WT hairpin. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements suggest that the corrector alters lipid packing and water accessibility. We propose a model whereby VX-809 shields the protein from the lipid environment in a mutant-independent manner such that the WT scaffold prevails. Such ‘normalization’ to WT conformation is consistent with the action of VX-809 as a protein-folding chaperone.

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