Developed countries are striving to achieve a cm geoid model. Most developing countries/regions think that the situation in their areas does not allow even a few decimetre geoid model. GNSS, which provides us with position, is one of the greatest achievements of the present time. Conversion of ellipsoidal height to orthometric height, which is more useful, requires an accurate geoid model. In spite of the sparse terrestrial gravity data of variable density, distribution and quality (a typical situation in developing countries), this study set out to develop as accurately as possibly achievable, a high quality geoid model of Tanzania. Literature review of three more preferred geoid methods came to a conclusion, that the Royal Institute of Technology of Sweden (KTH) method of least squares modification of Stokes formula (LSMS) with additive corrections (AC) is the most suitable for this research. However, even with a good method, the accuracy and the quality of a geoid model depend much on the quality of the data. In this study, a procedure to create a gravity database (GDB) out of sparse data with varying density, distribution and quality has been developed. This GDB is of high density and full coverage, which ensures presence of high and low gravity frequencies, with medium frequencies ranging between fair and excellent. Also an alternative local/regional Global Gravitational Model (GGM) validation method based on quality terrestrial point surface gravity anomaly has been developed. Validation of a GGM using the new approach of terrestrial point gravity and GPS/Levelling, gave the same results. Once satisfactorily proved, the method has extra advantages. The limits of Tanzania GDB (TGDB) are latitudes 15 ° S to 4 ° N and longitudes 26 ° E to 44 ° E . Cleaning and quality control of the TGDB was based on the cross validation (XV) by the Kriging method and Gaussian distribution of the XV residuals. The data used in the LSMS with AC to develop a new Tanzania gravimetric geoid model 2008, TZG08, are 1′ ×1′ clean and statistically tested surface gravity anomalies. 39,677 point gravity in land and 57,723 in the ocean were utilised. Pure satellite ITGGRACE03S GGM to degree 120 was used to determine modification parameters and long-wavelength component of the geoid model. 3′′ Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ITG-GRACE03S to degree 120 and EIGENCG03C to degree 360 combined GGM qualified to patch the data voids in accordance to the method of this research. TZG08 is referred to Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80), and its extents are latitudes 12 ° S to 1 ° N and longitudes 29 ° E to 41 ° E . 19 GPS/levelling points qualified to assess the overall accuracy of TZG08 as 29.7 cm, and upon approximate removal of GPS and orthometric systematic effects, the accuracy of TZG08 is 27.8 cm. A corrector surface (CS) for conversion of GPS height to orthometric height referred to Tanzania National Height Datum (TNHD) has been created for a part of TZG08. Using the CS and TZG08, orthometric height of Mt. Kilimanjaro is re-established as it was in 1952 to be 5,895 m above the TNHD, which is still the official height of the mountain. / <p>QC 20100813</p>

Orientador: Antonio Roberto Balbo / Banca: Márcia Marcondes Altimari Samed / Banca: Edmea Cassia Baptista / Resumo: Este trabalho visa a investigação e implementação de métodos Primal - Dual Previsor-Corretor de Pontos Interiores com a estratégia de busca unidimensional, e a aplicação destes em problemas de Despacho Econômico e Ambiental. Objetiva-se utilizar estes métodos para determinar soluções aproximadas e consistentes dos problemas causados citados, que forneçam a solução de minimização dos custos dos combustíveis empregados na geração termoelétrica de energia, otimizando um processo de alocação da demanda de energia elétrica entre as unidades geradoras disponíveis, de tal forma que as restrições operacionais sejam atendidas e que o custo de geração é minimizado. Pretende-se também, analisar o problema de Despacho Ambiental com um objetivo único quando se acopla a este o Problema de Despacho Econômico e busca-se, simultaneamente, a minimização dos custos de geração e a redução da emissão de poluentes na natureza. Os métodos foram implementados, testados em Problemas de Despacho Econômico e Ambiental, e o seu desempenho foi comparado com outros métodos já utilizados, cujos resultados são encontrados na literatura / Abstract: This work aims the investigation and implementation of Primal-Dual Predictor-Corrector interior points methods, with the strategy of one-dimensional search, and its application in Economic and Environmental Dispatch Problems. It pretends to use these methods to determine approximate and consistent solutions of the mentioned problems, that provide the solution to minimize the fuel costs used in thermoelectric power generation, optimizing an allocations process of eletric power demand among available generation units, such that the operational constraints are attended and that generation cost is minimized. It too pretends to analyze the Environmental Dispatch Problem with the one objective when it is joined with the Dispatch Problems and it searchs, simultaneously, the minimization of the generation costs and the reduction of emission of the polluants in the nature. The methods were implemented, tested on the Economic and Environemental Dispatch Problems and its performance was compared with others method currently used, whose results are found in the literature / Mestre

Neste trabalho, os métodos de pontos interiores primal-dual e preditor corretor são estudados e desenvolvidos para o problema de minimização de custos na geração e perdas na transmissão do pré-despacho DC (fluxo de carga em corrente contínua) de um sistema de potência hidroelétrico, com base no modelo de fluxo em redes e no princípio do mínimo esforço. A estrutura matricial, resultante da simplificação do problema proposto pela inclusão do princípio do mínimo esforço, é estudada visando implementações eficientes. / In this work, the primal-dual and predictor corrector interior points methods are studied and developed for the predispatch DC problem that minimizes generation and transmission losses on hydroelectric power systems, on the basis of the network flow model and the minimum effort principle. The matrix structure, resulting of the simplification of the problem considered by inclusion of the minimum effort principle, is studied aiming efficient implementations. A disturbed primal-dual method is considered on the basis of a heuristic definition that determine the choice of the disturbance parameter. This method showed to be efficient in practice and converged in fewer iterations when compare with an existing implementation of the network flow model.

A crise primordial da informação genética tal como delineada pelo modelo de quasi-espécies tem permanecido há mais de três décadas como um desafio as teorias de origem da vida e evolução pré-biótica. A despeito das diversas soluções propostas ao longo desse período, não há ainda uma que seja plenamente aceita pela comunidade científica. Dentro dessa gama de soluções, os modelos que usam uma abordagem de seleção em múltiplos níveis destacam-se como uma alternativa ao paradigma da área, o celebrado modelo de hiperciclos. Denominados modelos de vesículas pré-bióticas, entre os quais destaca-se o corretor estocástico, estes assumem a cooperação, de forma mais ou menos explícita, como ingrediente essencial para vencer a crise da informação genética. A cooperação tem sido vista como capaz de proporcionar um modo de contornar a crise sucitada por Eigen ao permitir a divisão da informação essencial em diversas partes, todas abaixo do limiar da catastrofe de erro. Entretanto, até muito recentemente, havia pouca literatura especializada explorando esta classe de modelos, especialmente no que tange à questões de coexistência. O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar mais profundamente alguns modelos deste tipo dando ênfase a este tipo de problema. Inicialmente, vamos explorar um modelo determinístico de seleção de grupo similar ao corretor estocástico, baseado no famoso Wright’s Island Model com algumas modificações. Em especial, relaxamos a necessidade de tempos de geração iguais nos dois níveis da dinãmica. Além deste, também vamos estudar uma versão menos restritiva do modelo de compartimentos original. Nos dois casos, a idéia geral é buscar as condições que garantam a coexistência dos diversos tipos de genes envolvidos. / The primordial genetic information crisis as defined by the Eigen’s quasispecies model, which can be used as a paradigm here, has been a challenge to any theory about the origin of life and prebiotic evolution for more than three decades. Despite several tentative solutions proposed along this period, there’s no consensual solution to the scientific community. Among that diversity of solutions, models that use a multilevel selection approach have been seen as an viable alternative to area’s paradigm, the hypercycles model. Those called prebiotic vesicle models, whose principal example is the stochastic corrector model, assume cooperation, in a more or less explicit fashion, as an essencial ingredient to solve the genetic crisis. Cooperation has been seen as capable of providing means to bypass the genetic crisis by dividing the essential information into several pieces, each one bellow the error threshold. Until recently, no complete treatment for such a model could be found in the specialized literature, specially in relation to replicators coexistence questions. So, the main purpose of this dissertation is the throughly exploration of some of those models with emphasis in coexistence aspects. Initially, we will explore a deterministic group selection model based in the celebrated Wright’s Island Model with some modifications. We relax some of the assumptions os the model to accommodate distinct time scales between the different levels of the model. Besides this model, we will study a less restrictive version of a compartment model. In both cases, we give special emphasis in the search of coexistence conditions that guarantee the survival of the different templates.

Objectif : Récemment, un nouvel appareil issu de la technologie du Forsus™ et visant à corriger les malocclusions de classe III a été mis sur le marché et se popularise dans la pratique orthodontique : le Tandem Forsus Maxillary Corrector (TFMC). L’objectif de la présente étude est de mesurer les effets squelettiques, l’influence réelle sur la croissance, et les effets dento-alvéolaires du port du TFMC. Matériel et méthodes : 14 patients présentant une malocclusion de classe III (âge moyen de 9 ans 6 mois) traités par le même orthodontiste ont participé à cette étude prospective. Le groupe consiste en 10 garçons et 4 filles. Le Tandem Forsus Maxillary Corrector est porté de 12 à 14 heures par jour jusqu’à l’obtention d’une surcorrection du surplomb horizontal et une relation dentaire de classe I. Le traitement est généralement d’une durée de 8 à 9 mois. Des radiographies céphalométriques latérales prises avant (T1) et après (T2) le traitement ont été analysées afin de déterminer les changements dentaires et squelettiques. Les résultats ont été comparés à un groupe contrôle composé de 42 enfants provenant du Centre de croissance de l’Université de Montréal. Les radiographies ont été tracées et analysées de manière aveugle à l’aide du logiciel Dolphin Imaging (ver 11.0, Patterson Dental, Chatsworth, California). L’erreur sur la méthode a été évaluée avec la formule de Dahlberg, le coefficient de corrélation intra-classe et l’indice de Bland-Altman. L’effet du traitement a été évalué à l’aide du test t pour échantillons appariés. L’effet de la croissance pour le groupe contrôle a été calculé à l’aide d’un test t pour échantillons indépendants. Résultats : L’utilisation du TFMC produit un mouvement antérieur et une rotation antihoraire du maxillaire. De plus, il procline les incisives supérieures et rétrocline les incisives inférieures. Une rotation antihoraire du plan occlusal contribue aussi à la correction de la malocclusion de classe III. Par contre, le TFMC ne semble pas avoir pour effet de restreindre la croissance mandibulaire. Conclusion : La présente étude tend à démontrer que le port de l’appareil TFMC a un effet orthopédique et dento-alvéolaire significatif lors du traitement correctif des malocclusions modérées de classe III. / Aim: Recently, a new appliance used to correct class III malocclusions, equipped with the Forsus™ technology, has been marketed and is gaining popularity in orthodontic practice: the Tandem Forsus Maxillary Corrector (TFMC). The purpose of the present study is to measure the skeletal and dento-alveolar effects, and the true influence on growth of the TFMC. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done with 14 growing children (mean age of 9 years 6 months) who had a class III malocclusion and were treated with the TFMC by the same orthodontist. The group consisted of 10 boys and 4 girls. The «Tandem Forsus Maxillary Corrector» was worn 12 to 14 hours a day until a positive overjet and a class I dental relationship was obtained. For each patient, lateral cephalograms taken before (T1) and after (T2) the treatment were analyzed to determine skeletal and dental changes resulting from treatment. These results were compared to a control group randomly selected from the Growth Center of the University of Montreal. The cephalograms were traced and analyzed with the software Dolphin Imaging (ver 11.0, Patterson Dental, Chatsworth, California). Consistency and repeatability of measurements was evaluated with the intraclass correlation, the Dahlberg formula and the Bland-Altman test. The effect of treatment was evaluated with a paired T-test. The effect of growth for the control group was calculated with an unpaired T-test. Results: Use of the TFMC results in an anterior movement and a counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla. The upper incisors proclined and the lower incisors retroclined. A counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane also contributed to the correction of the class III malocclusion. Furthermore, the TFMC does not seem to restrain mandibular growth. Conclusion: The TFMC appliance seems to have a significant orthopedic and dento-alveolar effect when correcting a moderate class III malocclusion.

Die off-axis Elektronenholografie im Transmissionselektronenmikroskop (TEM) erlaubt die quantitative Rekonstruktion der komplexen Objektaustrittswelle mit atomarer Auflösung. Die Auswertung der Phase dieser Welle ermöglicht die Unterscheidung der Atomsorten bzw. das Zählen der Atome in Projektionsrichtung sowie die Bestimmung von Atompositionen. Damit ist ein TEM über die einfache Abbildung hinaus ein sehr leistungsstarkes Messgerät zur quantitativen Analyse kleinster Strukturen bis hin zur atomaren Skala. Die Prozedur von der Aufnahme eines hochaufgelösten Elektronenhologramms über die Rekonstruktion bis zur bildfehlerkorrigierten Objektwelle ist jedoch sehr umfangreich und teils sehr anfällig für Artefakte. Diese Arbeit zeigt unter kritischer Betrachtung der einzelnen Einflüsse, wie dieser Weg zu beschreiten ist, um schlussendlich zu einer artefaktfreien, interpretierbaren Objektwelle zu gelangen. Im letzten Jahrzehnt haben Bildfehler-Korrektoren die höchstauflösende Transmissions-elektronenmikroskopie auf instrumenteller Seite revolutioniert. Auch die off-axis Holografie kann eine ganze Reihe von Vorteilen aus diesem elektronenoptischen Zusatzsystem ziehen. Neben der Analyse dieser einzelnen Verbesserungen, insbesondere der Phasensignalauflösung, wird gezeigt, wie es das Cs-korrigierte TEM zu optimieren gilt, um schließlich bestmögliche Ergebnisse für quantitative Objektanalyse zu erzielen. Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele zeigen experimentelle Ergebnisse der Elektronenholografie mit Cs-korrigierten Mikroskopen. Bei der Analyse ferroelektrischer Nanoschichten erweisen sich die einzigartigen Möglichkeiten der holografischen Auswertung im Zusammenspiel mit der nunmehr hervorragenden Signalauflösung als äußerst nützlich, um die ferroelektrische Polarisation zu ermitteln. Die Objektwellenrekonstruktion der Korngrenze in einer Goldfolie demonstriert weitere Verbesserungen für die Holografie, wenn zusätzlich eine neuartige Elektronenquelle mit höherem Richtstrahlwert zum Einsatz kommt. Einzelne Goldatome werden mit einem Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis von ca. 10 in Amplitude und Phase messbar. / Off-axis electron holography in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) allows reconstructing the complex object exit-wave quantitatively with atomic resolution. Analyzing the phase shift of this wave gives access to the atomic species and enables counting the number of atoms in projection direction as well as determining atom positions. Therefore, a TEM is a very powerful measuring device for quantitative analysis of smallest structures down to the atomic scale beyond simple microscopic imaging. The procedure of the recording of a high-resolution electron hologram, its reconstruction, and after numerical aberration correction finally ending up with the object-exit wave, is quite comprehensive and partially susceptible to artifacts. This work shows how to manage this procedure in order to obtain an interpretable object exit-wave, which is free of artifacts. In instrumentation within the last decade aberration correctors have revolutionized high-resolution electron microscopy. Also off-axis holography can benefit from this electron optical add-on module. Besides the exploration of each improvement, in particular the phase detection limit, this work demonstrates, how to optimize the Cs-corrected TEM in order to get best possible results for quantitative object analysis. Two application examples show experimental results of electron holography with Cs-corrected microscopes. For the investigation of ferroelectric nanolayers, the unique possibilities of the holographic evaluation together with the strongly improved signal resolution turn out to be very useful when determining the ferroelectric polarization. The object wave reconstruction of the grain boundary in a gold film demonstrates further improvements for holography, when additionally using a new electron gun with improved brightness. Single gold atoms become measurable with a signal-noise-ratio of about 10 in amplitude and phase.

A crise primordial da informação genética tal como delineada pelo modelo de quasi-espécies tem permanecido há mais de três décadas como um desafio as teorias de origem da vida e evolução pré-biótica. A despeito das diversas soluções propostas ao longo desse período, não há ainda uma que seja plenamente aceita pela comunidade científica. Dentro dessa gama de soluções, os modelos que usam uma abordagem de seleção em múltiplos níveis destacam-se como uma alternativa ao paradigma da área, o celebrado modelo de hiperciclos. Denominados modelos de vesículas pré-bióticas, entre os quais destaca-se o corretor estocástico, estes assumem a cooperação, de forma mais ou menos explícita, como ingrediente essencial para vencer a crise da informação genética. A cooperação tem sido vista como capaz de proporcionar um modo de contornar a crise sucitada por Eigen ao permitir a divisão da informação essencial em diversas partes, todas abaixo do limiar da catastrofe de erro. Entretanto, até muito recentemente, havia pouca literatura especializada explorando esta classe de modelos, especialmente no que tange à questões de coexistência. O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar mais profundamente alguns modelos deste tipo dando ênfase a este tipo de problema. Inicialmente, vamos explorar um modelo determinístico de seleção de grupo similar ao corretor estocástico, baseado no famoso Wright’s Island Model com algumas modificações. Em especial, relaxamos a necessidade de tempos de geração iguais nos dois níveis da dinãmica. Além deste, também vamos estudar uma versão menos restritiva do modelo de compartimentos original. Nos dois casos, a idéia geral é buscar as condições que garantam a coexistência dos diversos tipos de genes envolvidos. / The primordial genetic information crisis as defined by the Eigen’s quasispecies model, which can be used as a paradigm here, has been a challenge to any theory about the origin of life and prebiotic evolution for more than three decades. Despite several tentative solutions proposed along this period, there’s no consensual solution to the scientific community. Among that diversity of solutions, models that use a multilevel selection approach have been seen as an viable alternative to area’s paradigm, the hypercycles model. Those called prebiotic vesicle models, whose principal example is the stochastic corrector model, assume cooperation, in a more or less explicit fashion, as an essencial ingredient to solve the genetic crisis. Cooperation has been seen as capable of providing means to bypass the genetic crisis by dividing the essential information into several pieces, each one bellow the error threshold. Until recently, no complete treatment for such a model could be found in the specialized literature, specially in relation to replicators coexistence questions. So, the main purpose of this dissertation is the throughly exploration of some of those models with emphasis in coexistence aspects. Initially, we will explore a deterministic group selection model based in the celebrated Wright’s Island Model with some modifications. We relax some of the assumptions os the model to accommodate distinct time scales between the different levels of the model. Besides this model, we will study a less restrictive version of a compartment model. In both cases, we give special emphasis in the search of coexistence conditions that guarantee the survival of the different templates.

Orientador: Aurelio Ribeiro Leite de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T18:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Probst_RoyWilhelm_D.pdf: 708668 bytes, checksum: 4823f5bccb159edca170bcf52eb49f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Um método de pontos interiores preditor-eorretor é desenvolvido para o problema de fluxo de potência ótimo ativo-reativo. As tensões são representadas em coordenadas cartesianas ao invés de coordenadas polares, pois estas, sendo quadráticas, permitem correções não lineares nas condições de factibilidade primai e dual e não apenas nas de complementaridade como nos métodos tradicionais de programação não-linear. Outra contribuição fornece uma nova heurística para o tratamento das restrições de magnitude das tensões. Experimentos computacionais com sistemas de teste IEEE e um sistema real brasileiro são apresentados e mostram as vantagens do método proposto / Abstract: A predictor-corrector interior-point method is developed to the AC active and reactive optimal power flow problem. Voltage rectangular coordinates is adopted instead of polar ones, since, being quadratic, it allows nonlinear corrections for the primal and dual feasibility conditions and not only for the complementary constraints as in the traditional nonlinear programming methods. A new heuristic is proposed to handle voltage magnitude constraints. Computational experiments for IEEE test systems and a real Brazilian system are presented showing the advantages of the proposed approach / Doutorado / Pesquisa Operacional / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

Orientadores: Sandra Augusta Santos, Roberto Andreani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shirabayashi_WesleyVagnerInes_D.pdf: 877226 bytes, checksum: a814cd9947431a0aee17517c4cc953f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste trabalho reformulamos o problema de complementaridade não linear generalizado (GNCP) em cones poliedrais como um sistema não linear com restrição de não negatividade em algumas variáveis, e trabalhamos na resolução de tal reformulação por meio de estratégias de pontos interiores. Em particular, definimos dois algoritmos e provamos a convergência local de tais algoritmos sob hipóteses usuais. O primeiro algoritmo é baseado no método de Newton, e o segundo, no método tensorial de Chebyshev. O algoritmo baseado no método de Chebyshev pode ser visto como um método do tipo preditor-corretor. Tal algoritmo, quando aplicado a problemas em que as funções envolvidas são afins, e com escolhas adequadas dos parâmetros, torna-se o bem conhecido algoritmo preditor-corretor de Mehrotra. Também apresentamos resultados numéricos que ilustram a competitividade de ambas as propostas. / Abstract: In this work we reformulate the generalized nonlinear complementarity problem (GNCP) in polyhedral cones as a nonlinear system with nonnegativity in some variables and propose the resolution of such reformulation through interior-point methods. In particular we define two algorithms and prove the local convergence of these algorithms under standard assumptions. The first algorithm is based on Newton's method and the second, on the Chebyshev's tensorial method. The algorithm based on Chebyshev's method may be considered a predictor-corrector one. Such algorithm, when applied to problems for which the functions are affine, and the parameters are properly chosen, turns into the well-known Mehrotra's predictor corrector algorithm. We also present numerical results that illustrate the competitiveness of both proposals. / Doutorado / Otimização / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

Le plateau des Guyanes est une région qui est caractérisée à 90% d’une forêt tropicale primaire et compte pour environ 20% des réserves mondiales d’eau douce. Ce territoire naturel, au vaste réseau hydrographique, montre des intensités pluviométriques annuelles atteignant 4000 mm/an ; ce qui fait de ce plateau une des régions les plus arrosées du monde. De plus les précipitations tropicales sont caractérisées par une variabilité spatiale et temporelle importante. Outre les aspects liés au climat, l’impact des précipitations dans cette région du globe est important en termes d’alimentation énergétique (barrages hydroélectriques). Il est donc important de développer des outils permettant d’estimer quantitativement et qualitativement et à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle les précipitations dans cette zone. Cependant ce vaste espace géographique est caractérisé par un réseau de stations pluviométriques peu développé et hétérogène, ce qui a pour conséquence une méconnaissance de la répartition spatio-temporelle précise des précipitations et de leurs dynamiques.Les travaux réalisées dans cette thèse visent à améliorer la connaissance des précipitations sur le plateau des Guyanes grâce à l’utilisation des données de précipitations satellites (Satellite Precipitation Product : SPP) qui offrent dans cette zone une meilleure résolution spatiale et temporelle que les mesures in situ, au prix d’une qualité moindre en terme de précision.Cette thèse se divise en 3 parties. La première partie compare les performances de quatre produits d’estimations satellitaires sur la zone d’étude et tente de répondre à la question : quelle est la qualité de ces produits au Nord de l’Amazone et sur la Guyane française dans les dimensions spatiales et temporelles ? La seconde partie propose une nouvelle technique de correction de biais des SPP qui procède en trois étapes : i) utiliser les mesures in situ de précipitations pour décomposer la zone étudiée en aires hydro-climatiques ii) paramétrer une méthode de correction de biais appelée quantile mapping sur chacune de ces aires iii) appliquer la méthode de correction aux données satellitaires relatives à chaque aire hydro-climatique. On cherche alors à répondre à la question suivante : est-ce que le paramétrage de la méthode quantile mapping sur différentes aires hydro-climatiques permet de corriger les données satellitaires de précipitations sur la zone d’étude ? Après avoir montré l’intérêt de prendre en compte les différents régimes pluviométriques pour mettre en œuvre la méthode de correction QM sur des données SPP, la troisième partie analyse l’impact de la résolution temporelle des données de précipitations utilisées sur la qualité de la correction et sur l’étendue spatiale des données SPP potentiellement corrigeables (données SPP sur lesquelles la méthode de correction peut s’appliquer avec efficacité). Concrètement l’objectif de cette partie est d’évaluer la capacité de notre méthode à corriger sur une large échelle spatiale le biais des données TRMM-TMPA 3B42V7 en vue de rendre pertinente l’exploitation de ce produit pour différentes applications hydrologiques.Ce travail a permis de corriger les séries satellites journalières à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle sur le plateau des Guyanes selon une approche nouvelle qui utilise la définition de zones hydro-climatiques. Les résultats positifs en terme de réduction du biais et du RMSE obtenus grâce à cette nouvelle approche, rendent possible la généralisation de cette nouvelle méthode dans des zones peu équipées en pluviomètres. / The Guiana Shield is a region that is characterized by 90% of a primary rainforest and about 20% of the world’s freshwater reserves. This natural territory, with its vast hydrographic network, shows annual rainfall intensities up to 4000 mm/year; making this plateau one of the most watered regions in the world. In addition, tropical rainfall is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variability. In addition to climate-related aspects, the impact of rainfall in this region of the world is significant in terms of energy supply (hydroelectric dams). It is therefore important to develop tools to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively and at high spatial and temporal resolution the precipitation in this area. However, this vast geographical area is characterized by a network of poorly developed and heterogeneous rain gauges, which results in a lack of knowledge of the precise spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and their dynamics.The work carried out in this thesis aims to improve the knowledge of precipitation on the Guiana Shield by using Satellite Precipitation Product (SPP) data that offer better spatial and temporal resolution in this area than the in situ measurements, at the cost of poor quality in terms of precision.This thesis is divided into 3 parts. The first part compares the performance of four products of satellite estimates on the study area and attempts to answer the question : what is the quality of these products in the Northern Amazon and French Guiana in spatial and time dimensions ? The second part proposes a new SPP bias correction technique that proceeds in three steps: i) using rain gauges measurements to decompose the studied area into hydro climatic areas ii) parameterizing a bias correction method called quantile mapping on each of these areas iii) apply the correction method to the satellite data for each hydro-climatic area. We then try to answer the following question : does the parameterization of the quantile mapping method on different hydro-climatic areas make it possible to correct the precipitation satellite data on the study area ? After showing the interest of taking into account the different rainfall regimes to implement the QM correction method on SPP data, the third part analyzes the impact of the temporal resolution of the precipitation data used on the quality of the correction and the spatial extent of potentially correctable SPP data (SPP data on which the correction method can be applied effectively). In summary, the objective of this section is to evaluate the ability of our method to correct on a large spatial scale the bias of the TRMM-TMPA 3B42V7 data in order to make the exploitation of this product relevant for different hydrological applications.This work made it possible to correct the daily satellite series with high spatial and temporal resolution on the Guiana Shield using a new approach that uses the definition of hydro-climatic areas. The positive results in terms of reduction of the bias and the RMSE obtained, thanks to this new approach, makes possible the generalization of this new method in sparselygauged areas.