Globalization, 24-hour connectivity, and the expectation that members of the organization commit increasingly more time to work are the reality in an ever-changing environment. Research shows, however, that these demands have resulted in a significant work-life imbalance that produces the opposite effect of reducing productivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between work life balance satisfaction of front-line managers and the engagement of employees whom they supervise. The variables of these study were: work life balance satisfaction of frontline managers measured by Work life Balance and Emotional Support Scale and engagement perception employees measured by Employee Engagement Survey. Survey data from front-line managers and front-line employees from different industries across the United States were analyzed using a Bivariate Pearson Correlation test to understand the strength of the correlation. The study results r (89) = 0.115, p>.01showed no statistically significant correlation between managers work life balance satisfaction and employee engagement. Work-life imbalances create a significant internal conflict as the manager tries to cope with the stress and pressure that affect his/her overall ability to effectively lead and manage. Their work behaviors can promote or destroy a positive work environment where employees strive to meet the organizations' mission and vision. The organization and front-line managers benefit from understanding the findings because the organization may adopt innovative ways to support manager work-life balance and front-line managers may improve employee engagement. Positive social change is realized in less stress for managers and employees whom interact in an environment that demands more time and flexibility. Considering the amount of time, we spend at work, less stress can improve the overall quality of the work environment and productivity.

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As the concern for standardized testing continues to rise, so to does the concern for providing students with an appropriate and equal educational opportunity. The goal of this research was to investigate relevant data to determine if there is a relationship between the wealth behind each student and the academic proficiency amongst 5th grade white, black, and Hispanic students within the 67 counties of Florida. The desired outcome of this study was to produce information relevant to political leaders, educational leaders, and teachers in Florida public school districts with influential strategies necessary to increase the proportion of 5th grade students achieving academic proficiency. The review of literature and analysis of the data gathered from the Florida Department of Education for the school year 2006-2007 and the Florida Department of Revenue, 2007 revealed the following findings: (1) there is a statistically significant correlation between reading scores among white and black students in grade 5 as measured by the FCAT and the wealth behind each student within the state of Florida; (2) there is no statistically significant correlation between reading scores among Hispanic students in grade 5 as measured by the FCAT and the wealth behind each student within the state of Florida. In other words, as school districts are deemed more wealthy, white and black students in grade 5 tend to do better in reading than their white and black counterparts in poorer districts. In contrast, Hispanic students in wealthy school districts do not do better in reading than their Hispanic counterparts in poor districts.

The present study adopted a quantitative method to explore Luxembourgish primary school teachers' practices of Outdoor Education, as well as their knowledge and opinions on this pedagogical concept. Additionally, the influence of diverse environmental and personal factors on the teachers' implementation of Outdoor Education was investigated. In this regard, an online questionnaire with 19 questions related to Outdoor Education was administrated and published. 238 primary school teachers from Luxembourg took part in this online survey and answered questions about Outdoor Education practices, previous experiences in this field, nature relatedness, attitudes towards Outdoor Education, resources to teach outside, willingness as well as self-perceived competence to practice Outdoor Education and possible measures to foster Outdoor Education practices in Luxembourg. Findings revealed that, even though Luxembourgish primary school teachers seem to acknowledge the numerous benefits related to Outdoor Education, their Outdoor Education practices are relatively limited. In Luxembourg, Outdoor Education mostly takes place in schoolyards or nearby forests and is usually oriented towards natural sciences or physical education. Regarding the influence of personal and environmental factors, the teachers' previous experiences in the field of Outdoor Education, their attitude towards this pedagogical method and the available resources to teach outside seem to influence the frequency of Outdoor Education practices. Consequently, teachers with positive attitudes towards Outdoor Education, previous experiences in this field and material and infrastructures suitable for this purpose show tendencies to resort to teaching in an outdoor environment more frequently. The findings from the present study might be of advantage in order to prepare teachers more effectively to teach in outdoor environments and consequently foster the implementation of Outdoor Education in Luxembourg. / /

En la actualidad, la páprika peruana se encuentra entre los principales proveedores mundiales desde la última década debido a su calidad y su experiencia en agroexportación. Las exportaciones de páprika peruana tienen como principales destinos a España, México y Estados Unidos, siendo este último el de mayor demanda. A pesar de estar entre los principales exportadores mundiales, la páprika peruana no logra consolidarse o mejorar sus niveles de ventas. Entre los años 2012 - 2017, las exportaciones han presentado irregularidades por parte de las exportadoras que en ciertos casos dejaron de enviar al exterior por espacios de un año. En este periodo de seis años, se observa la consolidación de China como proveedor mundial, las consecuencias de la crisis española en la demanda y la importancia del Norte de Lima como productor nacional de páprika. El presente documento analiza los factores determinantes internos y externos que influyen en las exportaciones de páprika del Norte de Lima. Entre los internos se obtienen el desarrollo tecnológico, la edad y tamaño de la empresa. Por parte de los externos, se presenta el acceso al financiamiento. Para este fin, se analizaron las correlaciones existentes entre las variables y el análisis factorial. La investigación es cuantitativa, no experimental, transeccional y correlacional. Los resultados muestran que los factores analizados son significativos para la actividad exportadora de la páprika debido a que se encuentran muy correlacionadas. / At present, Peruvian paprika is among the world's leading suppliers in the last decade due to its quality and experience in the agro-export sector. The exports of Peruvian paprika have as main destinations to Spain, Mexico and the United States, the latter is the one with the highest demand. Despite being among the world's leading exporters, Peruvian paprika does not manage to consolidate or improve its sales levels. In the years 2012 to 2017, the exports have presented irregularities on the part of the exporters that in certain cases stopped sending abroad for spaces of one year. In this period of six years, we see the consolidation of China as a global supplier, the consequences of the Spanish crisis on demand and the importance of Northern Lima as a national producer. This document analyzes the internal and external determinants that influence the exports of paprika from the North Region of Lima. Among the interns, the technological development, the age and size of the company are obtained. On the part of outsiders, access to financing is presented. The existing correlations between the variables and the factorial analysis were analyzed. The research is quantitative, not experimental, transectional and correlational. The results show that the factors analyzed are significant for the export activity of paprika because they are correlated. / Tesis

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<p dir="ltr">The study investigated the epistemological gaps of Nigerian auto-repair technicians in Mowe, Ogun State Nigeria. The way their knowledge levels correlate with factors such as age, experience, education, and professional development pathways were analyzed. The study explored the conditions for bridging auto-repair epistemology. The study used a questionnaire based on the National Institute Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) 2021 study guide test questions. Fifty-four auto repair technicians were selected using purposive sampling. Correlational research design was used to explore the relationship between the knowledge of participants and age, education, experience, and professional development pathway. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data collected to determine the odds of how many ASE questions a participant answered correctly. The final logistic regression model excluded experience and professional pathways due to multicollinearity concerns. The results revealed negative correlations between age, elementary/high school education, and epistemology, while positive correlations were with higher education and epistemology. The discussion delved into nuances, challenging common beliefs, and proposed a composite apprenticeship model to bridge auto-repair epistemological gaps. Recommendations include revisiting the Nigerian education system and promoting a bidirectional, delocalized apprenticeship approach.</p>

Objective. Coronary heart disease has been on the rise in poorer countries and decreasing in developed countries over the last twenty years. However, the cardiac-related health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in poorer countries has not been studied. This study aimed to compare HRQOL following heart attack in a developing country in the East with that of a developed country in the West. Using the self-regulation of health and illness behaviour, the relationships between illness beliefs, coping cognitions and HRQOL are studied. Design. This study was a cross-sectional correlational survey and data were collected shortly before myocardial infarction patients were discharged from hospital. Methods. A sample of 243 individuals from the UK and Indonesia were recruited. Illness beliefs were assessed with the B-IPQ, along with coping cognitions (Brief-COPE) and health-related quality of life (MacNew questionnaire). Results. Illness beliefs and coping cognitions predicted HRQOL in the combined sample. Some aspects of socio-demographic and clinical variables were concurrently associated with HRQOL. Conclusion. The results demonstrate that people in the East have low illness beliefs and these are associated with worse HRQOL compared with those in the West. The findings suggest that there is an urgent need for smoking cessation campaigns in the East, while the West could benefit more from tailored-cardiac rehabilitation programme.

The purpose of this quantitative study was to expand understanding of leadership behaviors and their influence on follower engagement. Researchers have shown that engagement is a predictor of retention and organizational performance. Leadership theory and the conceptual framework of worker engagement were the study's theoretical anchors. Despite a proliferation of leadership studies, engagement antecedents are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to narrow the gap in the literature by examining the extent to which there may be a relationship between college instructors' behaviors and student engagement. Although not traditionally regarded as frontline leaders, extant leadership literature affirmed college instructors' organizational position, role, and responsibilities as direct supervisors and students as their followers. The independent variables were instructor behavior, institutional support, and depth of learning. Student engagement was the dependent variable. Correlation and regression analysis were applied to existing survey data collected in 2014 from students who were enrolled in a diverse, urban community college located in a major metropolitan city in the United States. The most prominent finding, that leadership behaviors had the strongest correlation to student engagement, contributed to the body of leadership knowledge by reaffirming leadership behaviors as a predictor of follower engagement. Given the increasing diversity of workers and followers, this study's findings have the potential to help leaders more effectively engage followers who are members of historically marginalized groups, thereby, helping to narrow equity gaps and advance social justice, particularly in higher education.

High nursing student attrition has been a pervasive problem in the nursing program at the research site of this study. The purpose of this project study was to investigate the relationship between attrition and nursing student characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, English as Second Language (ESL) background, licensed practical nurse (LPN) licensure, grade point average (GPA), the number of preadmission college credits, and the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) scores. This correlational study of archival data was guided by Jeffreys's nursing undergraduate retention and success model and included a convenience sample of 240 students admitted to the program between the Spring 2011 and Fall 2013 semesters. Point biserial and phi coefficient statistical analyses indicated that significant relationships existed between attrition and ethnicity, GPA, TEAS scores, college credits, and LPN status. There were no significant relationships between attrition and age, gender, and ESL background. Student characteristics correlated with higher attrition included ethnic minority background, more college credits, lower TEAS composite and math scores, lower GPA scores, and not having LPN licensure. These research results were the basis for policy recommendations for changes to the admission process within the nursing program and for early identification of students at risk for attrition, with the goal of providing early supportive measures. The overall goal of the policy recommendations was to decrease attrition at the local research site, which may help foster positive social change by promoting the educational and professional progress of nursing students. Nursing student attrition can negatively affect a nursing program's finances and reputation. For students, attrition represents lost time, lost finances, and a limited possibility for achieving socioeconomic progress.