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Chronic diseases are usually the result of complex interactions between various lifestyle factors, physiological processes and societal factors. While some of these factors are not modifiable, modification of several of these factors have, to a large extent, demonstrated preventative properties against the development or further development of various chronic diseases. Health-related behaviours are modifiable factors. Behaviour plays an important role in both the development and the management of chronic diseases. One way of investigating this role is to evaluate the impact of health-related behaviours on health. Positive health-related behaviours include eating a healthy diet, regularly engaging in physical exercise, having regular screenings and checkups, not smoking, moderate alcohol use, getting vaccinations and seat belt use. Negative health-related behaviours include eating an unhealthy diet, leading a sedentary life style, not having regular screenings and checkups, smoking, excessive alcohol use and irresponsible driving. Various models of health-related behaviour use social cognitive factors as proximal determinants of health-related behaviours. A social cognitive factor that has received little attention in relation to health-related behaviour, that is sense of coherence (SOC), was used in this study. Although personality factors tend to be only distally associated with health-related behaviour, they do however seem to contribute to a better understanding of these behaviours. Trait emotional intelligence (EI) as a lower order personality trait was used in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationships between SOC, trait EI and health-related behaviours. A cross-sectional, correlational research design was used. Participants were selected based on convenient and easy access. Participants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a health behaviour survey as well as the short form of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The health behaviour survey assessed some aspects of people's health-related behaviour, including diet, sleep and preventive behaviours, alcohol use, exercise and smoking. Health behaviour correlated significantly with both SOC and Trait EI. SOC and Trait EI were also significantly correlated. When controlling for a third variable, neither SOC nor trait EI correlated significantly with health behaviour. Although none of the predictors made significant contributions to the prediction of health behaviour, the basic regression model reached statistical significance. Trait EI made a significant contribution to the prediction of health behaviour in a more parsimonious regression model, which also reached statistical significance. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

La presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo determinar la relación entre los instrumentos de promoción comercial de la agencia de promoción de las exportaciones del Perú - Promperú y las oportunidades de exportación que tienen las MiPymes del Sector No Tradicional durante los años 2011 – 2019. En el primer capítulo, se desarrolla el marco teórico, en el cual se repasa algunas contribuciones a la literatura acerca del comercio internacional y los programas de promoción de las exportaciones del estado peruano. En el segundo capítulo, se explica el plan de investigación, la situación problemática, las preguntas de investigación, los objetivos de la investigación e hipótesis planteadas. En el tercer capítulo, se define la metodología de la investigación, en la cual se especifica el enfoque y diseño de la investigación, recolección de datos e instrumentos. En el cuarto capítulo, se muestra la realización del enfoque cuantitativo, donde se ejecuta el modelo relacional transversal. Y finalmente en el quinto capítulo, se explican los resultados del análisis; a su vez, se detallan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la presente investigación. / The main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the trade promotion instruments of the Peruvian export promotion agency - PromPerú and the export opportunities that the MSMEs of the Non-traditional sector had between 2011 - 2019. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework is developed, in which some contributions to the literature on international trade and export promotion programs of the Peruvian state are reviewed. In the second chapter, the research plan, the problematic situation, the research questions, the objectives, and hypothesis are explained. In the third chapter, the research methodology is defined, in which the focus and design of the research, data collection and instruments are specified. In the fourth chapter, the quantitative approach is shown, where the relational cross-sectional model is executed. And finally, in the fifth chapter, the results of the analysis are explained; in turn, the conclusions and recommendations of this investigation are detailed. / Tesis

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / The present study investigated the relationship between the Sense Of Coherence and Satisfaction With Life amongst the unemployed. The study attempted to test the following hypotheses. 1. People with a high Sense Of Coherence tend to be satisfied with their lives in general. 2. Demographic variables such as age, gender, race and level of education have an influence on the subjects' scores on the Sense Of Coherence and Satisfaction With Life scales. 3. Length of unemployment has an impact on the subjects' Sense Of Coherence and Satisfaction With Life. In this study, subjects were drawn from the Department of Manpower in the Western Cape region. The data were obtained from a sample of 100 participants. Of this 100, 52 were males. Subjects were asked to complete the Sense Of Coherence and the Satisfaction With Life scales. Statistical procedures that were used are Multiple Linear Regression analysis, Product Moment Correlational Co-efficients, Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) and the Cronbach Alphas of the various scales. It was found that Sense Of Coherence correlated significantly with Satisfaction With Life, thus supporting the first hypothesis. This led to the conclusion that a person with a strong Sense Of Coherence tends to be more satisfied with his/her life. However, a person with a weaker Sense Of Coherence finds it difficult to make sense out of his/her life. It was also found that most of the demographic variables did not reach any statistical significance. The general trend in this sample was that younger people had higher education and had been unemployed for fewer years. In comparison, older people were found to have less education and had been unemployed for more years. It was concluded that formal and informal education system will be necessary to develop and equip both young and older people with the experience and skills to use at work. This study was concluded by the discussion of the implications of the findings and suggestions for future research.

Physical health can be measured in several ways both based on subjective experiences and with objective tools. However, mental health can only be measured through subjective experiences and sensations, which can be biased. Therefore, researchers adopted the notion of an objective tool to assess well-being as a complement to existing self-reported scales and suggested that heart rate variability (HRV) might be an indicator of well-being. Hence, this thesis investigates the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and HRV, particularly high frequency-HRV (HF-HRV). Three hypotheses, which included different forms of well-being, were developed to test the relationship. And the hypotheses were: Cognitive well-being correlates positively with HF-HRV. Positive affect correlates positively with HF-HRV, and negative affect correlates negatively with HF-HRV. A total of 19 healthy Swedish females aged from 20-35 participated and answered questionnaires measuring SWB. After they completed the SWB-scales, their heart rate was measured and then converted into HF-HRV data. The findings revealed no correlations between the cognitive SWB and HF-HRV, neither to affective SWB.

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13 | P a g e SUMMARY In South Africa’s rapidly changing social and cultural context, where family dynamics and relationships are changing just as quickly, it is essential to discover which factors contribute to successful relationships that persist over time. Previous research has utilised the Investment Model Scale (Rusbult, 1980) in order to understand commitment processes and the constructs satisfaction, quality of alternatives and investment have been identified as key determinants of commitment in romantic contexts. In the present study however I investigated the primary research question, “How can commitment be measured in the context of family relationships?” Data collection took place through the Family Commitment Scale (which was adapted from the Investment Model Scale) and a new meaningfulness scale was added in an attempt to explore whether meaningfulness would be a better predictor of family commitment than satisfaction, quality of alternatives and investment. The statistical analyses were conducted with the purpose of examining the research question and hypotheses. The findings of the present study contribute to commitment literature by underlining the utility of the Invest Model Scale in nonromantic contexts and providing an instrument which can reliably measure family commitment. Meaningfulness is also highlighted as a motivational feature behind family commitment processes. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

La aplicación de un buen gobierno corporativo en las entidades del sector bancario peruano es de gran importancia para su estabilidad y desarrollo. Al implementar estas buenas prácticas genera un impacto positivo permitiendo mostrar una imagen sólida y estable, necesaria para la captación de inversiones y el desarrollo de oportunidades de crecimiento en el sector.    El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar si existe una relación entre el grado de cumplimiento de buen gobierno corporativo y el valor económico agregado que generan las entidades del sector bancario peruano.    El presente trabajo busca determinar la correlación entre estas dos variables. Para ello, se recurrió a una investigación cuantitativa empleando la calificación del grado de cumplimiento de buen gobierno corporativo establecido por las entidades bancarias, y el valor económico agregado. Además, se aplicaron los procedimientos para medir el valor económico agregado comenzando por la estimación de la Utilidad operativa neta antes de impuestos y el Costo promedio ponderado de capital y Capital invertido. Posteriormente, mediante el análisis correlacional y el uso de regresiones lineales se determinará si existe la relación mencionada.    Finalmente, las conclusiones obtenidas aprueban la relación considerable entre el grado de cumplimiento del buen gobierno corporativo y el valor económico agregado en las entidades del sector bancario en el Perú. / The application of good corporate governance in entities of the Peruvian banking sector is of great importance for their development, since implementing these good practices generates a positive impact, allowing to show a solid and stable image, necessary for attracting investment and development. of growth opportunities in the sector. The main objective of this research is to determine if there is a relationship between the degree of compliance with good corporate governance and the added economic value generated by entities in the Peruvian banking sector. The present work seeks to determine the correlation between these two variables. To do this, a quantitative investigation was used using the classification of the degree of compliance with good corporate governance established by banking entities, and the economic added value. In addition, the procedures to measure the economic added value were applied, beginning with the estimation of the net operating profit before taxes and the weighted average cost of capital and capital invested. Subsequently, through correlational analysis and the use of linear regressions, it will be determined whether the aforementioned relationship exists. Finally, the conclusions obtained approve the considerable relationship between the degree of compliance with good corporate governance and the added economic value in the entities of the banking sector in Peru. / Tesis

Parents of children diagnosed with autism, a disease characterised with difficulty in speech, behaviour and language, experience chronic stress more than in any other developmental disorder. Outcomes of chronic stress in this regard are often associated with uncertain expectations of the future where current stressors are exuberated and future expectations are negated. Thinking about the future has been noted to contribute positive psychological functioning. Authors have, however, noted that some parents of autistic children are able to conceptualise positive future expectations in the mists of stressful current realities whilst using proactive coping strategies. Proactive coping literature has predominantly focused on situational characteristics and, to a lesser extent, on dispositional characteristics The relationship between dispositional characteristics - belief in just world, sense of coherence in relation to proactive coping is investigated in parents raising a child diagnosed with autism. Constructs were operationalised through the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (Antonovsky, 1987), Global Belief in Just World Scale (Lipkus, 1991), Reactions to Daily Life Questionnaire (Greenglass, 2002) and a demographic questionnaire. A cross-sectional correlational design consisting of a sample of 30 (n = 30) parents with children with autism was conducted. SPSS ver12 was used for analysis, which included both descriptive and inferential analysis. Inferential statistics included the Independent T-Test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyse independence of the sample, and Spearman Rho correlations were used to test possible correlations between constructs. The small sample size precluded more advanced statistical manipulation of data. Open ended questions were analysed through a process of content analysis. The interpretation of results showed no significant differences between independent variables (e.g. age, gender, adjustment level of child) and constructs measured. Results of the correlational analysis indicated positive correlations between (i) belief in just world andproactive coping, (ii) sense of coherence and proactive coping as well as (iii) the sense of coherence (meaningfulness) subscale and proactive coping. No relationship was found between belief in just world and proactive coping. These results indicate that these dispositional characteristics can be associated with proactive coping and that belief in just world and sense of coherence who share similar theoretical underpinnings may have different predictor values. Qualitative results suggest that parents who engage in future oriented thinking and proactive coping strategies such as planning activities and social engagements often display higher levels of just world beliefs. The present study contributes to theoretical knowledge by providing insight into the relationships between constructs with regards to proactive coping in parents who experince chronic stress, by illustrating convergence and distinctiveness between constructs. Furthermore, knowledge was gained on the influence of dispositional characteristics on proactive coping strategies, seeing as how previous research primarily focused on situational characteristics. Practical applications of the results offer insight into coping processes of parents of children diagnosed with autism with specific reference to proactive coping which ultimately implicates the applicability value of future oriented therapeutic interventions for these families. Insight into the goals of parents and the daily challenges they face will furthermore assist the helping profession and support groups to provide effective support strategies. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted