Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T18:54:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Tharlles - versão final.pdf: 1266415 bytes, checksum: 464673c96b1a3b0c194ffba0d609b7ee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-20T14:55:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Tharlles - versão final.pdf: 1266415 bytes, checksum: 464673c96b1a3b0c194ffba0d609b7ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T14:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Tharlles - versão final.pdf: 1266415 bytes, checksum: 464673c96b1a3b0c194ffba0d609b7ee (MD5) / Este trabalho propõe uma análise das construções correlatas aditivas do tipo não só... mas também nos níveis oracional e suboracional. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa está balizada nos conceitos apresentados pela Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, a qual defende a ideia de que a gramática de uma língua é moldada por seu uso (BYBEE, 2010; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013), isto é, inovações surgem na linguagem por meio da interação entre usuários. Ressaltemos, ainda, que essa abordagem traz, para o bojo das análises, o contexto situacional – pouco explorado por teorias de caráter formalista –, o qual proporciona uma melhor compreensão discursivopragmática do fenômeno estudado. Este trabalho é de caráter quali-quantitativo e fundamenta-se também na perspectiva da Gramática de Construções (GOLDBERG, 1995), sobretudo no que tange a sua vertente mais recente proposta por Croft (2001), no estudo da estrutura simbólica da construção. Nosso estudo é composto por dois corpora de registros escritos de períodos de tempo distintos e variedades distintas, a saber, séculos XIX e XX, do Português Europeu e do Português do Brasil, formando um total de 156 ocorrências. Acrescentamos que os dados foram encontrados em 380 textos escritos extraídos dos bancos de dados digitais Varport e Corpus do Português. A análise dos dados aponta que as construções correlatas aditivas aparecem com maior frequência de uso nos textos oriundos do século XIX do que nos textos do século XX. Em síntese, apresentamos, nesta dissertação, uma compreensão mais profunda e detalhada da construção correlata aditiva, com ênfase no uso, como um processo que difere da coordenação aditiva / This paper proposes an analysis of the additive correlative constructions such as not only ... but also (não só… mas também) both in clausal and subclausal levels. The theoretical foundation of the research is marked out on the concepts presented by the Usage-Based Functional Linguistics, which supports the idea that the grammar of a language is shaped by its usage (BYBEE, 2010; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013). In other words, innovations arise in the language through interaction between users. We also emphasize that this approach brings the situational context – little explored by theories of formalistic character – to light of the analysis, which provides a better discursive and pragmatic understanding of the studied phenomenon. This work is of qualitative and quantitative character and it is also based on the perspective of Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995), especially regarding its latest version proposed by Croft (2001), in the study of the symbolic structure of a construction. Our study consists of two corpora of written texts from different periods of time and different variants, namely the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the European Portuguese and the Brazilian Portuguese, forming a total of 156 occurrences. We add that the data were found in 380 written texts extracted from Varport and Corpus do Português digital databases. The data analysis shows that the additive correlative constructions appear with greater frequency of use in texts from the nineteenth century in relation to the texts of the twentieth century. In summary, we present in this research, a deeper and more detailed understanding of the correlative additive construction, with emphasis on the usage, as a process that differs from the additive coordination

Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá korelativním přístupem multimodální analýzy struktur prokovování s různým rozlišením. Výzkum je součástí mezinárodního projektu týkajícího se charakterizace poruch zmíněných struktur, které jsou implementovány v polovodičových zařízeních. Kombinace korelativní mikroskopie a tomografie technikami NanoXCT, FIB-SEM (EDS), FIB-SIMS a AFM byla navržena k zavedení opakovatelného pracovního postupu. Tomografie fokusovaným iontovým svazkem je metoda přesného odprašování v řezech, která mimo jiné v každém průřezu získává cenné snímky s vysokým rozlišením (FIB-SEM) nebo mapy chemického složení (FIB-SIMS). Následující transformace obrazu umožňuje identifikaci defektů jako funkci hloubky ve struktuře. Práce dále věnuje pozornost metodám sjednocení obrazů za účelem optimální prezentace získaných dat.

State of the art direction finding (DF) systems usually have several antennas in order to increase accuracy and robustness to certain factors. In this thesis, a three antenna DF system is built and evaluated. While more antennas give better DF performance, a three antenna system is useful for system simplicity and many of the problems in DF systems can be observed and evaluated easily. This system can be used for both azimuth and elevation direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The system is composed of three monopole antennas, an RF front end, A/D converters and digital signal processing (DSP) units. A number of algorithms are considered, such as, three channel interferometer, correlative interferometer, LSE (least square error) based correlative interferometer and MUSIC (multiple signal classification) algorithms. Different problems in DF systems are investigated. These are gain/phase mismatch of the receiver channels, mutual coupling between antennas, multipath signals and multiple sources. The advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms are outlined.

This thesis presents applications of high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analysis for stable isotope imaging in biological samples. These projects were designed to explore the potential applications of NanoSIMS analysis, and to develop protocols and novel methodologies to visualize and quantify biological processes. Working with collaborators in the UK and USA, I have applied NanoSIMS analysis to study 3 research areas, including molecule interactions, single cell metabolisms and lipid imaging in tissues. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play important role in the immune system, and understanding how AMPs interact with cell membranes can provide useful information to design new therapies to control infection. The pore structures and dynamics of the interaction of AMPs with membranes has been visualized for the first time and confirmed with combined AFM and NanoSIMS analysis. A correlative backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and NanoSIMS analysis methodology has been developed to study glutamine metabolism in single cancer cells. This method enables us to measure the chemical information in specific organelles in these cells and can be widely applied to study metabolisms and to trace the uptake of labelled molecules in biological matrices. Quantitative analysis on the effects of hypoxic conditions and the PYGL gene were studied. Applying correlative BSE and NanoSIMS analysis, I also studied lipid uptake mechanisms in various mouse tissues, including brown adipose tissue, heart, intestines, liver and skeletal muscle, mainly focused on a recently discovered protein, GPIHBP1, and its function in the lipid uptake process. TRL margination was proved to depend on the GPIBP1-LPL complex, and 3 stages of lipid transport from capillary lumen to lipid droplets was also visualized by combined BSE and NanoSIMS analysis.

The hydrodynamic behaviour of fine suspended aqueous sediments, and stability of the bedforms they create once settled, are governed by the physical properties (e.g., size, shape, porosity and density) of the flocculated particles in suspension (flocs). Consequently, accurate prediction of the transport and fate of sediments and of the nutrients and pollutants they carry depends on our ability to characterise aqueous flocs. Current research primarily focuses on characterising flocs based on their external gross-scale (>1 μm) properties (e.g., gross morphology, size and settling velocity) using in situ techniques such as photography and videography. Whilst these techniques provide valuable information regarding the outward behaviour of flocculated sediment (i.e. transport and settling), difficulties associated with extracting 3D geometries from 2D projections raises concerns regarding their accuracy and key parameters such as density can only be estimated. In addition, they neglect to inform on the internal micro- and nano-scale structure of flocs, responsible for much of their behaviour and development. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and environmental electron microscope may be used to obtain nano-scale information in, essentially, 2D but there is a large scale gap between this information and the macro-scale of optical techniques. To address this issue this study uses 3D tomographic imaging over a range of spatial scales. Whilst commonly used in materials science and the life sciences, correlative tomography has yet to be applied in the environmental sciences. Threading together 3D Xray micro-computed tomography (X-ray μCT) and focused ion beam nano-tomography (FIBnt) with 2D TEM makes material characterisation from the centimetre to nanometre-scale possible. Here, this correlative imaging strategy is combined with a non-destructive stabilisation procedure and applied to the investigation of flocculated estuarine sediment, enabling the multi length-scale properties of flocs to be accurately described for the first time. This work has demonstrated that delicate aqueous flocs can be successfully stabilised via a resin embedding process and contrasted for both electron microscopy and X-ray tomography imaging. The 3D information obtained can be correlated across all length-scales from nm to mm revealing new information about the structure and morphology of flocs. A new system of characterising floc structure can be defined based on the association of particles and their stability in the structure rather than simply their size. This new model refutes the postulate that floc structures are fractal in nature.

Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo do processo de correlação e, como consequência, descreve o comportamento linguístico-discursivo, por padrão, dos pares correlativos que integram o conjunto das porções correlatas empregadas em redações vestibulares, momento em que a pressão pela normatividade é bem grande, mas escreventes habilidosos se utilizam dos pares que fogem ao que se espera e surpreendem o leitor com escolhas criativas, porém não rompem com o processamento cognitivo esperado. Como questões relativas à escolarização, as etapas de desenvolvimento cognitivo e o processo de mudança gramatical estão nesta tese altamente imbricados, e por conta disso considerou-se constitutiva uma amostra com textos produzidos em situações de alta pressão pela normatividade. São redações do banco de dados elaboradas por candidatos da FUVEST (Fundação para o Vestibular de São Paulo), de sete vestibulares distintos, no período de 2004 a 2010 (as 100 melhores e as 100 piores redações de cada exame). No total, analisaram-se 700 textos considerados piores e 700 melhores. Fundamentamos teoricamente esta tese nos estudos sobre cognição, a partir de Tomasello (2003), Givón (2011), sobre gramaticalização Bybee (2003), Traugott e Dasher (2005), Meillet (1965), Heine, Claudi e Hünnemeyer (1991), sobre correlações Oiticica (1952), Chediak (1960); sobre construções, Goldberg (1955), Croft (2001) e sobre a evolução dos estágios da mente humana, com Damásio (2009).O material analisado teve tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo em que se chegou à determinação de que pares correlativos assumem papéis e funções em decorrência das intenções discursivo-pragmáticas dos autores, que buscam em estágios da mente os recursos linguísticos e imagéticos para fundamentarem sua argumentação. O estudo do comportamento de cada par foi realizado levando-se em conta etimologia, estatuto categorial nos dicionários e uma análise sincrônico para estabelecer padrões funcionais e valores semânticos. Foi possível, assim, constatar que os pares correlativos encontram-se em vários níveis de gramaticalização, a depender da categoria analisada, e que estão diretamente ligados a um jogo estratégico funcional-cognitivo. / This thesis is devoted to the study of the correlation process and, consequently, describes the linguistic-discursive behavior, by pattern, of the correlative pairs that constitute the set of related portions employed in the vestibular essays, at this moment, the pressure for normative rules is huge but skilled writers used the pairs escaping from that is expected and also to surprise the reader with creative choices, otherwise they do not break with the expected cognitive processing. As issues relating to schooling, the steps of cognitive development and the process of grammatical change are highly intertwined in this thesis. We considered a sample with constitutive texts produced through normative rules in high pressure situations for the writers. The corpus is composed by essays from the database produced by the FUVEST (Foundation for Vestibular of São Paulo) writers or candidates from seven distinct vestibular, in the period 2004-2010 (the 100 best and 100 worst essays of each exam). In total we analyzed 700 texts considered worst and 700 considered the best ones. We base this argument theoretically in studies of cognition, from Tomasello (2003), Givón (2011); on grammaticalization Bybee (2003), Traugott and Dasher (2005), Meillet (1965), Heine, Claudi and Hünnemeyer (1991); about correlations Oiticica (1952), Chediak (1960) on constructions; Goldberg (1955), Croft (2001) and the human mind stages of evolution, with Damasio (2009). The analyzed material had the quantitative and qualitative treatment through with there came the determination that correlative pairs assume roles and functions as a result of discourse-pragmatic intentions of the authors (writers/candidates), who seek In the mind stages the linguistic and pictorial resources to substantiate the argument. The study of each pair behavior was performed taking into account etymology, categorical status in dictionaries and a synchronic analysis to establish functional standards and semantic values. It was thus possible to observe that the correlated pairs are lying at different levels of grammaticalization; it depends on the category analyzed and which are directly connected to a strategic functional-cognitive roles of a game.

Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo do processo de correlação e, como consequência, descreve o comportamento linguístico-discursivo, por padrão, dos pares correlativos que integram o conjunto das porções correlatas empregadas em redações vestibulares, momento em que a pressão pela normatividade é bem grande, mas escreventes habilidosos se utilizam dos pares que fogem ao que se espera e surpreendem o leitor com escolhas criativas, porém não rompem com o processamento cognitivo esperado. Como questões relativas à escolarização, as etapas de desenvolvimento cognitivo e o processo de mudança gramatical estão nesta tese altamente imbricados, e por conta disso considerou-se constitutiva uma amostra com textos produzidos em situações de alta pressão pela normatividade. São redações do banco de dados elaboradas por candidatos da FUVEST (Fundação para o Vestibular de São Paulo), de sete vestibulares distintos, no período de 2004 a 2010 (as 100 melhores e as 100 piores redações de cada exame). No total, analisaram-se 700 textos considerados piores e 700 melhores. Fundamentamos teoricamente esta tese nos estudos sobre cognição, a partir de Tomasello (2003), Givón (2011), sobre gramaticalização Bybee (2003), Traugott e Dasher (2005), Meillet (1965), Heine, Claudi e Hünnemeyer (1991), sobre correlações Oiticica (1952), Chediak (1960); sobre construções, Goldberg (1955), Croft (2001) e sobre a evolução dos estágios da mente humana, com Damásio (2009).O material analisado teve tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo em que se chegou à determinação de que pares correlativos assumem papéis e funções em decorrência das intenções discursivo-pragmáticas dos autores, que buscam em estágios da mente os recursos linguísticos e imagéticos para fundamentarem sua argumentação. O estudo do comportamento de cada par foi realizado levando-se em conta etimologia, estatuto categorial nos dicionários e uma análise sincrônico para estabelecer padrões funcionais e valores semânticos. Foi possível, assim, constatar que os pares correlativos encontram-se em vários níveis de gramaticalização, a depender da categoria analisada, e que estão diretamente ligados a um jogo estratégico funcional-cognitivo. / This thesis is devoted to the study of the correlation process and, consequently, describes the linguistic-discursive behavior, by pattern, of the correlative pairs that constitute the set of related portions employed in the vestibular essays, at this moment, the pressure for normative rules is huge but skilled writers used the pairs escaping from that is expected and also to surprise the reader with creative choices, otherwise they do not break with the expected cognitive processing. As issues relating to schooling, the steps of cognitive development and the process of grammatical change are highly intertwined in this thesis. We considered a sample with constitutive texts produced through normative rules in high pressure situations for the writers. The corpus is composed by essays from the database produced by the FUVEST (Foundation for Vestibular of São Paulo) writers or candidates from seven distinct vestibular, in the period 2004-2010 (the 100 best and 100 worst essays of each exam). In total we analyzed 700 texts considered worst and 700 considered the best ones. We base this argument theoretically in studies of cognition, from Tomasello (2003), Givón (2011); on grammaticalization Bybee (2003), Traugott and Dasher (2005), Meillet (1965), Heine, Claudi and Hünnemeyer (1991); about correlations Oiticica (1952), Chediak (1960) on constructions; Goldberg (1955), Croft (2001) and the human mind stages of evolution, with Damasio (2009). The analyzed material had the quantitative and qualitative treatment through with there came the determination that correlative pairs assume roles and functions as a result of discourse-pragmatic intentions of the authors (writers/candidates), who seek In the mind stages the linguistic and pictorial resources to substantiate the argument. The study of each pair behavior was performed taking into account etymology, categorical status in dictionaries and a synchronic analysis to establish functional standards and semantic values. It was thus possible to observe that the correlated pairs are lying at different levels of grammaticalization; it depends on the category analyzed and which are directly connected to a strategic functional-cognitive roles of a game.

Darbo tikslas – ištirti aplinkos georodiklių sąsajas su skirtingų susirgimų grupių rizika ir ranguoti Lietuvos regionus pagal palankumą (nepalankumą) susirgimams atskiromis ligų grupėmis. Tyrimų duomenys – teritorijos georodikliai paimti iš Lietuvos teritorijos geologinių tyrimų duomenų, o duomenys apie susirgimus iš Higienos instituto. Tyrimų objektas – Lietuvos teritorija. Tyrimų metodai – matematinė statistinė analizė, daugiakriterinė analizė ir daugiatikslių sprendimų priėmimo metodai. Tyrimo rezultatų mokslinis naujumas – pirmą kartą atliktas Lietuvos teritorijos rangavimas pagal riziką susirgti tam tikromis ligomis ir sukurta rangavimo metodika galėtų teikti papildomą informaciją kadastrams. Galimas praktinis rezultatų panaudojimas – vertinant teritorijas sveikatingumo požiūriu, nustatant nekilnojamojo turto rinkos vertę, pasirenkant gyvenamąją vietą. Darbą sudaro: įvadas, 3 skyriai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas, priedai. Darbo apimtis – 58 p. teksto be priedų, 35 paveikslų, 10 lentelių. / The research purpose – to analyze the correlation between the geographical environment indexes and risk of different illnesses and to rank Lithuanian regions by disfavor and disfavour of particular illnesses groups. The research data – the environment geoindexes were taken from Lithuanian Geology Service of GIS date base and data about illnesses were taken from Hygiene Institute. The object of the research – the territory of Lithuania. The method of the research – the mathematical statistical analysis, the multiobjective analysis and the multipurpose awards accepatnce method. The scientific novelty of results – The first time Lithuanian territories were arranged by the risk to developing certain illnesses and the created method of arrangement can give an additional information for the Cadastres. Its is possible the practical results using – to value the territories according as the attitude of healthy; evaluated the market value of the realty, choosing the living place. It includes: an introduction; 3 chapters; the conclusion, references, additions. The size of the thesis - 58 pages of the text without additions, 35 illustrations, 10 charts.

La métastase peut être considérée comme le produit final d’un processus à la fois biologique mécanique et chimique où les cellules cancéreuses disséminent dans l’organisme pour envahir un nouvel organe à distance en s’établissant dans un nouvel microenvironnement tissulaire. Bien que les métastases soient la principale cause de décès liée au cancer, les principaux mécanismes impliqués dans ce processus restent à élucider. La communauté scientifique manque de techniques d’imagerie adaptées pour disséquer avec la plus haute résolution possible le comportement des cellules tumorales in vivo. Par conséquent, le but principal de ma thèse a été de développer une approche d’imagerie intravitale non-invasive appliquée à la souris. Cette approche a été inclue dans le développement d’un protocole de microscopie corrélative intravitale permettant l’étude de cellules tumorales à différentes échelles dans leur environnement naturel. Ce protocole a été utilisé dans l’étude de cellules invasives tumorales uniques dans l’oreille et le cerveau de la souris. Le but était de décrire les détails des protrusions cellulaires ainsi que les interactions cellule-matrice lors de l’invasion et l’intravasation de cellules cancéreuses. / Metastasis can be considered as the end product of a multistep bio-mechano-chemical process where cancer cells disseminate to anatomically distant organs and home and establish themselves in a new tissue microenvironment. Although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death, the main cellular mechanisms enabling this process remain to be elucidated. Importantly, the scientific community lacks adapted imaging technologies to accurately dissect, at the highest resolution possible, tumor cell behavior in vivo. Therefore, the main goal of my PhD thesis was to develop an intravital and non-invasive imaging approach to track tumor progression in the living mouse. This approach was included in the development of an intravital Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy protocol allowing to track tumor cells at different scales in their natural environment. It was used to study single invasive tumor cells in the mouse ear and brain and to describe the details of cell protrusions and cell-matrix interactions during invasion and intravasation of cancer cells.

abstract: AA 7XXX alloys are used extensively in aircraft and naval structures due to their excellent strength to weight ratio. These alloys are often exposed to harsh corrosive environments and mechanical stresses that can compromise their reliability in service. They are also coupled with fasteners that are composed of different materials such as Titanium alloys. Such dissimilar metal contact facilitates galvanic and crevice corrosion, which can further reduce their lifetimes. Despite decades of research in the area, the confluence of mechanical, microstructural, and electrochemical aspects of damage is still unclear. Traditionally, 2D and destructive methods have often been employed to study the corrosion and cracking behavior in these systems which can be severely limiting and lead to inaccurate conclusions. This dissertation is aimed at comprehensively studying the corrosion and cracking behavior of these systems using time-dependent 3D microstructural characterization, as well as correlative microscopy. The microstructural evolution of corrosion in AA 7075 was studied using a combination of potentiodynamic polarization, X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and Transmission X-ray Microscopy (TXM). In both experiments, a strong emphasis was placed on studying localized corrosion attack at constituent particles and intergranular corrosion. With an understanding of the alloy’s corrosion behavior, a dissimilar alloy couple comprising AA 7075 / Ti-6Al-4V was then investigated. Ex situ and in situ x-ray microtomography was used extensively to investigate the evolution of pitting corrosion and corrosion fatigue in AA 7075 plates fastened separately with Ti-6Al-4V screws and rivets. The 4D tomography combined with the extensive fractography yielded valuable information pertaining the preferred sites of pit initiation, crack initiation and growth in these complex geometries. The use of correlative microscopy-based methodologies yielded multimodal characterization results that provided a unique and seminal insight on corrosion mechanisms in these materials. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2020