Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario / El agente biológico Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis es un patógeno animal cosmopolita que genera infecciones supurativas crónicas en diversas especies, siendo la linfoadenitis caseosa (LAC) en pequeños rumiantes el cuadro de mayor importancia, pero también se encuentra causando lesiones absedativas en otras especies, como los equinos. En Chile este patógeno se encuentra presente, sin embargo ninguna de las enfermedades que produce son de notificación obligatoria, ya que son cuadros de tipo debilitante, que no provocan mortalidad y las pérdidas económicas asociadas son difíciles de evaluar. Esto se relaciona con un desconocimiento de las características que presenta este agente, lo que trae consigo la falta de un diagnóstico adecuado y medidas de control para las enfermedades que este produce. En esta memoria se estudiaron las características fenotípicas, mediante pruebas microbiológicas y bioquímicas, y genotípicas, utilizando la reacción de la polimerasa en cadena (PCR) y la secuenciación de un fragmento del gen rpoB ; de un total de 20 aislados nacionales de C. pseudotuberculosis obtenidas a partir de lesiones absedativas de caprinos y equinos. Se evidenció la existencia de diferencias entre los aislados equinos y caprinos en sus características fenotípicas, en la prueba de reducción de nitratos, todas las cepas caprinas fueron negativas y todas las cepas equinas positivas. También se observaron diferencias genotípicas en la secuencia del gen rpoB entre los aislados caprinos y equinos. La técnica de PCR simple como diagnóstico rápido, a partir de muestras clínicas; bajo las condiciones de este estudio, fue capaz de detectar solo el 15% de las cepas obtenidas por aislamiento bacteriológico. Sin embargo, la técnica de PCR múltiple a partir de cultivos puros, fue capaz de detectar a todas las cepas identificadas por aislamiento bacteriológico y pruebas bioquímicas, y en un menor tiempo que estas pruebas. Por lo tanto esta técnica implementada en el presente estudio se muestra como una eficiente alternativa para el diagnóstico de las enfermedades causadas por C. pseudotuberculosis

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive non-sporulating soil bacterium which is used in biotechnology as a producer of amino acids, nucleotides, biofuels and alcohols. The aim of this thesis was to create a hybrid σ factor of RNA polymerase which would be able to recognize a matching hybrid promoter without effect on expression of the host genes. Based on the σD and σH amino acid sequence, two types of hybrid factors, σDH and σHD , were designed by the sequence combination of sigD and sigH. As an alternative approach, based on the in silico homology modeling, mutations of wild-type σH in the region recognizing the -35 promoter element of the σH -dependent promoter were introduced. Hybrid promoters were constructed by combining the -35 and -10 promoter regions that were derived from the σD - and σH - dependent promoters. Promoter activity was determined by using gfpuv reporter gene under the control of hybrid promoter. The expression of gfpuv in strains with hybrid sigma factors σDH / σHD and hybrid promoters was rather low compared to strains that carried wild-type σ factor and the respective promoter. The aim of the thesis was achieved by using one of the mutant σH factor (σmutH_6A ) with alterations in the region recognizing the -35 element of the σH -dependent promoter. This mutant σ...

The axilla is a major source of human body odour from which the characteristic musky, urinous or acidic odours emanate, and are predominantly due to bacterial metabolism of the protein-rich fluid secreted by the apocrine and sebaceous glands located in this area (Senol and Fireman, 1999). Clothing has been implicated in contributing to body odour intensity, possibly even increasing the intensity (Dravnieks, et al., 1968; Shelley, et al., 1953) by the transfer of secretions, skin debris and bacteria from the body to the fabric substrate. Despite much anecdotal evidence indicating that some fibres and fabrics are better at limiting odour intensity than others, there appears to be no published research confirming this. The purpose of this study therefore, was to determine whether fabrics varying in fibre content (cotton, wool, polyester) and fabric knit structure (interlock, single jersey, 1x1 rib) differed in the extent to which they retained and emanated axillary odour following wear, and whether the intensity of odour was linked to the number of bacteria transferred to the fabrics. A procedure for collecting odour on fabrics was developed as was a method for evaluating odour through use of a sensory panel. Total aerobic bacteria and aerobic coryneform bacteria extracted from the fabrics were counted to determine if an association between bacterial counts and fabrics existed. Sensory analysis recognises the unique capability of humans as odour-detecting instruments whereas, instrumental analysis has the potential to offer information on the concentration and identification of axillary compounds, which a human assessor cannot. To investigate a new method for detecting axillary odour on apparel fabrics, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used to analyse volatiles emitted from fabrics differing in fibre type. After removal of garments from the human body, axillary odour can be detected on fabrics, with the intensity of odour being strongly influenced by the fibre type from which the fabrics had been made. Polyester fabrics emanated odour of high intensity, cotton that of mid-low odour intensity, and wool fabrics were low odour. Fabric structural properties such as thickness, mass per unit area and openness of knit structure also had an effect on odour intensity. However, as the principal factor influencing odour intensity was fibre, only fabrics characterised by a high intensity (i.e. polyester) were influenced by structural properties. Differences in odour intensity among fabrics were not necessarily related to bacterial numbers, and no �inherent antimicrobial� properties were evident for any of the fabrics. Bacterial populations persisted in all fabrics up to 28 days. A decline in numbers was apparent for high-odour polyester fabrics, while numbers in low-odour wool fabrics remained relatively stable. PTR-MS detected compounds likely to be short-chain carboxylic acids which increased in the headspace above the polyester fabrics after 7 days. However, this increase was not evident for either the wool or cotton fabrics. Therefore, bacterial numbers per se cannot be a predictor of the odour intensity emanating from fabrics at least on the basis of these fabrics and fibres. The intensity of axillary odour emanating from fabrics was found inversely related to fibre hygroscopicity. Keywords:fibre content, fabric structure, axillary odour, sensory analysis, bacteria, corynebacteria, instrumental analysis, PTR-MS

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Giessen, 2002.

The axilla is a major source of human body odour from which the characteristic musky, urinous or acidic odours emanate, and are predominantly due to bacterial metabolism of the protein-rich fluid secreted by the apocrine and sebaceous glands located in this area (Senol and Fireman, 1999). Clothing has been implicated in contributing to body odour intensity, possibly even increasing the intensity (Dravnieks, et al., 1968; Shelley, et al., 1953) by the transfer of secretions, skin debris and bacteria from the body to the fabric substrate. Despite much anecdotal evidence indicating that some fibres and fabrics are better at limiting odour intensity than others, there appears to be no published research confirming this. The purpose of this study therefore, was to determine whether fabrics varying in fibre content (cotton, wool, polyester) and fabric knit structure (interlock, single jersey, 1x1 rib) differed in the extent to which they retained and emanated axillary odour following wear, and whether the intensity of odour was linked to the number of bacteria transferred to the fabrics. A procedure for collecting odour on fabrics was developed as was a method for evaluating odour through use of a sensory panel. Total aerobic bacteria and aerobic coryneform bacteria extracted from the fabrics were counted to determine if an association between bacterial counts and fabrics existed. Sensory analysis recognises the unique capability of humans as odour-detecting instruments whereas, instrumental analysis has the potential to offer information on the concentration and identification of axillary compounds, which a human assessor cannot. To investigate a new method for detecting axillary odour on apparel fabrics, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used to analyse volatiles emitted from fabrics differing in fibre type. After removal of garments from the human body, axillary odour can be detected on fabrics, with the intensity of odour being strongly influenced by the fibre type from which the fabrics had been made. Polyester fabrics emanated odour of high intensity, cotton that of mid-low odour intensity, and wool fabrics were low odour. Fabric structural properties such as thickness, mass per unit area and openness of knit structure also had an effect on odour intensity. However, as the principal factor influencing odour intensity was fibre, only fabrics characterised by a high intensity (i.e. polyester) were influenced by structural properties. Differences in odour intensity among fabrics were not necessarily related to bacterial numbers, and no �inherent antimicrobial� properties were evident for any of the fabrics. Bacterial populations persisted in all fabrics up to 28 days. A decline in numbers was apparent for high-odour polyester fabrics, while numbers in low-odour wool fabrics remained relatively stable. PTR-MS detected compounds likely to be short-chain carboxylic acids which increased in the headspace above the polyester fabrics after 7 days. However, this increase was not evident for either the wool or cotton fabrics. Therefore, bacterial numbers per se cannot be a predictor of the odour intensity emanating from fabrics at least on the basis of these fabrics and fibres. The intensity of axillary odour emanating from fabrics was found inversely related to fibre hygroscopicity. Keywords:fibre content, fabric structure, axillary odour, sensory analysis, bacteria, corynebacteria, instrumental analysis, PTR-MS

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007.

University, Diss., 2005--Düsseldorf.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Bielefeld.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Düsseldorf.

Submitted by Hiolanda Rêgo (hiolandarego@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T17:09:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ICS_Robson Bahia Cerqueira.pdf: 448377 bytes, checksum: 8fd6e1c0b18fb33f9312c9869e1631ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T17:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ICS_Robson Bahia Cerqueira.pdf: 448377 bytes, checksum: 8fd6e1c0b18fb33f9312c9869e1631ed (MD5) / Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis é o agente etiológico da linfadenite caseosa em ovinos e caprinos. Esta doença, de curso crônico, caracteriza-se pela formação de granulomas nos linfonodos e em órgãos internos, como forma de resposta do sistema imune do hospedeiro à penetração deste agente que resiste à ação bactericida das células fagocíticas. Apesar da resposta imune envolver todos os componentes das imunidades inata e adquirida, a natureza dos antígenos protetores ainda é desconhecida. O presente estudo avaliou a resposta imune humoral a partir do soro caprino coletado de grupos de animais infectados com a linhagem atenuada T1, a linhagem virulenta VD 57 e um grupo controle inoculado com PBS-T. Esses grupos foram acompanhados durante 12 semanas e os níveis de anticorpos específicos foram avaliados por cinco diferentes ensaios imunoenzimáticos indiretos utilizando os antígenos MQD, TPP, BHI e as frações Q5 e Q6. A sensibilidade e especificidade do teste ELISA indireto Q5 foram de 97,8% e, 95,6% respectivamente e a sensibilidade e especificidade do teste ELISA indireto Q6 foi de 91,1% e 95,6%. Os testes ELISA indireto MQD, Q5 e Q6 apresentam uma capacidade de discriminação maior entre os animais infectados com uma linhagem selvagem VD 57 comparados aos animais infectados com uma linhagem atenuada T1.