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With the trend of media globalization, international women's magazines have extended the Chinese market with Chinese editions that reflected the local situation; while at the same time they inherited some global characteristics from their global editions. In addition, international women's magazines also influenced the Chinese local women's magazines through their reliance on advertising, as well as the presentation of content, style and cultural values. As a media genre, media portrayals of women on the covers reflect the economic, social and cultural development of a society. One purpose of this study was to examine how women were presented through the comparison of popular global and local women's magazine covers in China. The sample for the study included a Western magazine, a Japanese magazine and a Chinese local magazine: Cosmopolitan, Rayli-Fashion and Beauty and City Beauty. Findings in this study suggested women's identities were portrayed with preferred angles, dress styles, beauty ideals and connected to peculiar topics of cover stories and cultural values on the covers. Further, finding also suggested that the local women's magazine presented a hybrid of cultures which were influenced by both global cultural influx through global women's magazine and local cultural traditions of Chinese people.

In this study in political theory I challenge the way in which national identity and liberalism are traditionally counterposed, by arguing that this opposition does not of existence rooted in time and space. On the proposed understanding, Locke’s position is a reaction to Hobbes’s demand for the complete surrender of individual particularity in exchange for an immutable state of perfect stability. It is argued that Locke appreciates the requirement of stability for generating future-oriented motivations in individuals, but exhibits a more humble approach to the human capacity to rule its own existence. The unbound autonomy to take charge of reality that Hobbes grants to humanity is replaced by a constrained ability to administer its existence within the corporeal confines of time and space. It is argued that the timespace constraints that Locke insists are metaphysically inherent to humankind, conflict with the boundary-free assumptions of cosmopolitanism. Conversely, it is maintained, Hobbes’s radical argument for dislodging humankind from spatiotemporal constraints serves as a platform for a cosmopolitan outlook, albeit a markedly authoritarian one. obtain in the work of one of the key figures in liberal thought, John Locke. This controversial assertion is supported by arguing that the conventional reading of Locke is tainted by Hobbesean preconceptions. Rejecting the view that Locke builds upon, or enhances, Hobbes’s position, this thesis instead maintains that Locke is replying to, and moreover divorcing himself from Hobbes. Thus Locke’s stance is portrayed as a distinctive and far more substantial contribution to political theory than he has traditionally been credited with. Furthermore, the distancing of Locke from Hobbes serves to expose the roots of the misconception of Locke’s political thought as a precursor of, and foundation for, a boundary-free cosmopolitanism. It is argued here that Locke’s political theory has become entangled with Hobbes’s due to a lack of attention to the formative relation between metaphysics and politics in their thought. This has obscured the metaphysical foundation of the social problem they are attempting to resolve, reducing it to the language of a clash of conflicting interests, so that the difference between their political prescriptions is presumed merely to echo the different degrees of potential conflict they observe, rather than being a substantive difference. The conventional framing of such conflict as a security problem, a concern for the harm of one’s person and possessions, is replaced here with that of an insecurity problem: an anxiety about the inability to identify regular rules that attach attributes, including possessions, to persons. In social terms, the future having not been secured, it cannot be trusted to connect with the past and present in a continuum. On the interpretation proposed here, Locke and Hobbes offer radically different measures for the artificial generation of this ‘continuum’. Their divergence concerns the degree of control they assume political solutions can exert over the social parallel of the metaphysical ‘continuum’ problem. It is maintained that Hobbes proposes to reverse the causes of anxiety about the future by artificially generating a constant environment, detached from the fluctuations inherent to a mode.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / E se estivÃssemos em uma das nossas aulas habituais e um de nossos alunos nos chamasse no canto e perguntasse baixinho: - Professor, o que à a Filosofia? SerÃamos honestos com nÃs mesmos e com ele e dirÃamos um belo e eloquente: - NÃo sei? Mas, talvez poderÃamos respondÃ-lo, dizendo que se pode dar uma resposta a essa pergunta ao expor o que um autor determinado pensa ser a Filosofia. Contudo, neste caso, a Filosofia nÃo Ã, âela sÃoâ, pluralizadamente. Kant, notou esta faceta da Filosofia e construiu toda a sua obra tendo em mente reaver a Filosofia do carÃter aporÃtico e desacreditado em que ela se encontrava no sÃculo XVIII. Ora, esta ideia de reabilitar a Filosofia suscita, no mÃnimo, duas chaves de leituras do opus kantiano: primeira, a partir da epistemologia, sendo Kant aquele que deu à Filosofia uma feiÃÃo cientÃfica (nos moldes da ciÃncia do sÃculo XVIII), habilitando-a como o saber que dà significaÃÃo a todas as ciÃncias determinadas; segunda, Kant, no fim das contas, queria que a Filosofia outra vez fosse algo hà muito perdido na antiguidade greco-romana, a saber, a guia da espÃcie humana. Que pese, a primeira chave de entendimento da Filosofia kantiana estar perfeitamente correta, nossa tese diz que a segunda chave de leitura à o objetivo final do empreendimento crÃtico de Kant. Com isso, o seu conceito de filosofia significa uma doutrina da sabedoria do mundo (no sentido cosmopolita), que tem por objetivo guiar a humanidade ao fim Ãltimo, ao sumo bem, ao qual ela estÃ, progressivamente, destinada, enquanto espÃcie. Portanto, a Filosofia para Kant torna-se importante, uma vez mais, como aquele saber que aponta a direÃÃo a ser seguida.

<p> This dissertation examines postcolonial narrative fiction as a site of cosmopolitanism that is self-consciously local and global at the same time. I argue that, in order to think through a form of cosmopolitanism that takes seriously questions of social justice, we must think through the way cosmopolitan world-views are articulated in place. Much is made of the deterritorializing forces of both cosmopolitanism and globalization, but, as the novels I examine suggest, this ignores the simultaneous re- and multi-territorialization that is always ongoing. This gap in cosmopolitan theory means that everyday lived cosmopolitanism, which enacts this oscillation between the global and the local, is often left outside the scope of theory. Fiction offers a corrective to cosmopolitan theory by paying particular attention to that which is often outside of the scope of this theoretical paradigm. Postcolonial theory's emphasis on the importance of political responsibility and the remembrance of past and ongoing violence informs this project.</p> <p> In this dissertation, I primarily engage with the two dominating strains of cosmopolitan theory: liberal-bourgeois cosmopolitanism and vernacular cosmopolitanism. I read these theoretical models alongside cultural geography and eco-criticism to account for what I term "territorialized cosmopolitanism." I suggest that territorialized cosmopolitanism enacts a dialectical movement between the global and the local and this movement between these two zones prompts ethical and political responsibilities to others (both human and nonhuman) both physically nearby and distant - reflecting the shaping role place defined in physical and cultural terms-- has in developing cosmopolitanism.</p> <p> Focussing my reading on novels that address cosmopolitanism through different kinds of places (the metropolis, the regional city, and the rural community), I argue that different places focus a territorialized cosmopolitan sensibility in different ways. What these differences suggest is the importance of un-learning typical notions of how place is used and represented - particularly in relation to the global. A territorialized cosmopolitan sensibility, in these novels, allows for and encourages this unlearning. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>The aim with this essay is to emphasize the problems that ethnical belonging causes at schools today. We have chosen to examine and compare two schools with each other, one school is called ”the new school” situated in Stockholms kommun and the other school is called ”the old school” belonging to Huddinge kommun. We have had contact with these two schools for a longer period as substitutes and students. This essay is based on how these two schools prominently differ from each other. The old school in Huddinge kommun is more or less characterized by ”matters of ethnicity” and where the ethnicity is seen as an obstacle for the schoolwork, whereby the identity as ”immigrant” is problematized and therefore signified in a negative way. The new school seems to base their communication on other reasons. The belonging to a certain nationality does not have the same importance and being an “immigrant” has defused much more. Under these circumstances the ethnicity seems to be a more of a decorative feature rather than something decisive for the pupils.</p>

The aim with this essay is to emphasize the problems that ethnical belonging causes at schools today. We have chosen to examine and compare two schools with each other, one school is called ”the new school” situated in Stockholms kommun and the other school is called ”the old school” belonging to Huddinge kommun. We have had contact with these two schools for a longer period as substitutes and students. This essay is based on how these two schools prominently differ from each other. The old school in Huddinge kommun is more or less characterized by ”matters of ethnicity” and where the ethnicity is seen as an obstacle for the schoolwork, whereby the identity as ”immigrant” is problematized and therefore signified in a negative way. The new school seems to base their communication on other reasons. The belonging to a certain nationality does not have the same importance and being an “immigrant” has defused much more. Under these circumstances the ethnicity seems to be a more of a decorative feature rather than something decisive for the pupils.

En konsument blir ständigt påverkad av olika intryck i en butik där produkter slåss om uppmärksamhet och försöker att särskilja sig från konkurrenter. En produkt som trängs med flera andra på butikshyllan är tidskrifter, där antal titlar på den svenska marknaden har ökat med 40 procent de senaste tio åren.  Det har tidigare forskats kring vilka färger som sägs påverka människor i köpsituationer, så som att rött är en bra färg för att intressera en konsument, men detta betyder inte nödvändigtvis att det leder till ett köp. Vad är det då som intresserar konsumenten när det gäller färg? Vilka färger på ett tidskriftsomslag är det som intresserar en målgrupp mest respektive minst och varför är det så? Finns det ett samband mellan vilka färger som intresserar målgruppen och de färger som faktiskt leder till köp? Den här studien undersöker hur färg på tidskriftsomslag påverkar en konsument, både gällande associationer, känslor och köpbehov. Den tidskrift som varit i fokus för studien är Cosmopolitan, som befinner sig inom genren Livsstil för kvinnor, med målgruppen kvinnor mellan 20-30 år. Studien innefattar en litteraturöversikt för att få veta mer om hur färg påverkar en konsument och vilket uppmärksamhetsvärde en viss färg har. Vidare har skisser skapats som har varit grunden för diskussioner i de fokusgrupper som sattes ihop.Den analys som gjordes visar att målgruppen tyckte mest om följande färg och färgkombinationer på ett Cosmopolitanomslag: blå, gul, samt kalla och ljusa färger. De omslag som gjorde målgruppen mest intresserade av ett köp var följande färg och färgkombinationer: blå, blågula, gul, samt kalla och ljusa färger. Detta visar att studien fann ett samband mellan de färger som målgruppen tyckte bäst om och de färger som målgruppen även kunna tänka sig att köpa.De färger som målgruppen inte tyckte om var följande färg och färgkombinationer: röd, rödgrön, rödblå, grön, gulgrön och varma färger. De omslag som målgruppen var minst intresserade av att köpa var följande färg och färgkombinationer: röd, grön, rödblå, rödgrön och gulgrön. De omslag som målgruppen fann mest intressanta var följande färg och färgkombinationer: röd, rödblå, grön, gulgrön, samt varma och mörka omslaget. Vad som framgår är att användningen av rött på tidskriftsomslag fångar konsumentens intresse men att det inte skulle leda till köp, enligt fokusgrupperna för den här studien. Det är även tydligt att de färger som anses som mest intressanta inte är det målgruppen tycker om eller väljer att köpa. Likaså framgick det att målgruppen väljer det som känns bekant sedan innan. / A consumer is constantly influenced by the different impressions in a store where products compete for attention and try to differentiate themselves from competitors. A product that is crowded with several others on store shelves is magazines, and number of titles on the Swedish market have increased by 40 per cent over the past ten years.  Previous studies show how colors are said to influence people in different situations, that red, for example, is a good color to attract a consumer. This does not necessarily mean that it leads to a purchase. What is it that interests the consumer in terms of color? What colors on a magazine cover is of interest to an audience, most and least, and why is it so? Is there a connection between the colors that interest the target audience and the colors that actually lead to purchases?This study examines how the color of the magazine cover affects a consumer, both in terms of associations, emotions and buying needs. The magazine that has been in focus of the study is Cosmopolitan, targeting women aged 20-30 years, which is within the genre of Lifestyle for women. The study includes a literature review to learn more about how color affects a consumer’s attention and what value a certain color has. Furthermore, sketches had been created that has been the foundation of the focus groups who were assembled.The analysis made shows that the audience liked the following colors and color combinations on a Cosmopolitan cover: blue, yellow, cold and bright colors. The covers that made the audience most interested in a purchase had the following color and color combinations: blue, yellow, blue-yellow, cold and bright colors. This shows that the study found a correlation between the colors that audience liked best with the colors that the target group also could consider buying.The colors that audience did not like was the following colors and color combinations: black, red-green, blue-red, green, green-yellow and warm colors. The covers that the target group found least interesting to buy were the following colors and color combinations: red, green, blue-red, red-green and green-yellow. The covers that the target group found most interesting was the following colors and color combinations: red, blue-red, green, green-yellow, and warm and dark covers. What appears in the study is that the use of red on the magazine cover captures the consumer’s interest but it would not lead to purchase, according to the focus groups for this study. It is also clear that the colors that are considered to be most interesting is not in the target audience like or choose to buy. Another finding was that the target audience often choose what was most familiar to them.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia_Carla_Mucelin_Parte 1.pdf: 5532802 bytes, checksum: 17594a2ea26331b8002f91ba1866d8db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-02 / This research has as it s source and object the New Cosmopolitan and Playboy Magazines from 1970s. Sought to analysis through a qualitative study of the Nova's and Playboy's speeches about beauty, sensuality, sexuality and behavior to understand how these two magazines gave meaning to gender identities. The discourse analysis was performed based on the categories gender and identities, to understand how were build the masculine and feminine identities and how the power relationships between genders has occurred, noticeable in the Articles, covers and summaries of the two magazines. The Nova Cosmopolitan s writing to single women who were entering into the labor market, therefore the magazine sought to show that maintain a lasting relationship with a steady partner and build a carrier were synonymous of achievement, and both, taught how women should take care of the beauty and follow conduct rules in their relationships. The Playboy turned to single men that seek pleasure as a lifestyle, showed in it s columns information about sex and relationships and how men could turn around their insecurities to conquer women. The sensuality was the most valued characteristic by both magazines, to constitute the idealized images of feminine and masculine body / Esta pesquisa tem como fonte e objeto as revistas Nova Cosmopolitan e Playboy da década de 1970. Procurou-se analisar através de um estudo qualitativo os discursos da Nova e da Playboy sobre beleza, sensualidade, sexualidade e comportamento para se compreender como essas duas revistas davam significado às identidades de gênero. As análises de discurso foram realizadas com base nas categorias gênero e identidades, para se compreender como foram construídas as identidades masculinas e femininas e como ocorreram as relações de poder entre os gêneros, perceptíveis nos artigos, capas e sumários das duas revistas. A Nova Cosmopolitan escrevia para mulheres que estavam ingressando no mercado de trabalho, e que fossem solteiras, portanto a revista procurava mostrar que manter um relacionamento duradouro com um parceiro fixo e construir uma carreira sólida eram sinônimos de realização, e para tanto, ensinava como as mulheres deviam cuidar da beleza e manter uma conduta determinada em seus relacionamentos. A Playboy que se voltava aos homens solteiros, que procuravam o prazer como estilo de vida, mostrava nas suas colunas informações sobre sexo e relacionamentos e como os homens podiam driblar suas inseguranças para conquistar as mulheres. A sensualidade era a característica valorizada por ambas as revistas, ao constituírem as imagens idealizadas do corpo feminino e masculino

Today, global media such as the Internet provides media audiences scattered across the globe with the possibility of cross-cultural moral interaction upon a plethora of global digital public spheres. Such trends have been the catalyst for increased academic attention to the field of media and morality and the notion of media audiences as global citizens – ‘cosmopolitans at home’, consuming a wide array of mediated, global images and thus enforcing a proximity with the ‘distant Other’. Parallel to such trends is the dichotomous relationship between rural- and urban areas that have emerged as increasingly ambivalent in ‘network society’. Due to the ‘urbanization of media culture’ and the ‘digital divide’, it is argued that rural areas, in an era characterized by global interconnectedness, are rendered dysfunctional. On the other hand however, media can be argued to promote inclusion and new possibilities for rural people.   This study set out to empirically examine the tension field between residential patterns (rural/urban), the media (Internet) and cosmopolitanism. Setting out from the research questions: (1) What variables determine a ‘cosmopolitan outlook’ in Sweden?, (2) Does media use/access promote a ‘cosmopolitan outlook’, and under what circumstances?, and (3) Is there a ‘cosmopolitan divide’ between different residential patterns – and if so: how does it relate to different patterns of media use and access?. To attend the research questions, data from the annual national survey, Riks-SOM 2008, was analysed and the findings indicated the general trends for the Swedish cosmopolitan was, in accordance with other empirical accounts, young and well educated. Furthermore, respondents ‘high’ on Internet use where more likely to be cosmopolitans – confirming theoretical accounts of e.g. Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck and Dick Hebdige. Also, ‘locality’ proved to be more important for rural people than for people living in metropolitan areas. Finally, men and women displayed different ‘cosmopolitan patterns’: rural women being more cosmopolitan than metropolitan women in terms of a ‘willingness to move to a country outside of Europe’ while men displayed the opposite, following the hypothesis.