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<p>This mixed methods, phenomenological study examined how cultural tension influences career development for Asian American community college students. Students initially completed Phinney's (1992) Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) and an instrument developed for this study called the Cultural Identification Survey. The mean for ethnic identity search was 3.49 and the mean for the ethnic identity commitment was 3.97. High exploration with high commitment corresponds to Phinney's third stage of ethnic identity development, ethnic identity achievement. On the Cultural Identification survey, the mean for "I identify more with my parents' culture" was 3.55, the mean for "I identify more with White culture than my parents' culture" was 2.80, the mean for "I identify with both White culture and my parents' culture" was 3.45, and the mean for "I feel caught between White culture and my parents' culture" was 2.62. Fourteen students who indicated either "often" or "all the time" to the statement "I feel caught between White culture and my parents' culture" participated in the interview portion of the study. The 14 participants received a mean of 3.30 for ethnic identity search and a mean of 3.56 for ethnic identity commitment on the MEIM corresponding with the ethnic achievement stage. Participants described how they experienced cultural tension through their relationships with their parents. The results indicated that through cultural tension, participants were able to move through the stages of ethnic identity development as described by Phinney (1990), Parental influence on career development, including their support, their understanding of careers, and their exposure to careers, was also found to be part of the participants' experiences. Cultural tension and their parental involvement created learning experiences that had an impact on the career decision-making process. </p>

<p> The current study tested the hypothesis that student spirituality would relate positively to the construct of calling and that these constructs together would lead toward career decidedness. To test this model, a sample consisting of 1139 students from a large Midwest university was surveyed. Results supported these hypotheses only in part. The results suggest the spirituality construct to consist of spiritual identity, spiritual quest, and equanimity consistent with the Astin, Astin, and Lindholm spirituality study. Both search for calling and presence of calling consisted of three parts consistent with Dik and Duffy's concept of calling: transcendent summons, purposeful work, and prosocial orientation. The career decidedness construct also consisted of three domains in accordance with Savickas' formulation: career path, academic major, and occupation. </p><p> Spirituality, in general, highly correlated with search for calling. Correlations were also high between search for calling and presence of calling. Because of this, search for calling was found to mediate an indirect influence of spirituality on presence of calling. However, the manner in which career decidedness related to the model was not expected. According to the data, career decidedness weakly but directly correlated with presence of calling and was determined to be a predicting influence, contrary to the hypothesis. Although no meaningful correlations were discovered between spirituality and career decidedness, equanimity was discovered to meaningfully associate with both spirituality and career decidedness. Theoretical and practical implications are explored.</p>

<p> The purpose of this research was to explore how CACREP accredited Clinical Mental Health Counseling programs conceptualize self-care and integrate self-care education into counseling curriculum. Counselor educators in CACREP accredited Clinical Mental Health Counseling programs served as representatives to their programs and were invited to share how their counseling programs conceptualize self-care and integrate self-care education into the curriculum. In addition, the counselor educators identified a faculty member teaching a course in which the CACREP standard is met. This faculty member completed a questionnaire regarding their experiences teaching the course. The questions guiding the research were:</p><p> 1. How do Clinical Mental Health Counseling programs accredited by CACREP conceptualize self-care? </p><p> 2. How is self-care education integrated into counseling curriculum? </p><p> Participants included three counselor educators teaching in a Clinical Mental Health Counseling program accredited under the 2009 CACREP standards and two faculty members teaching a course in which the CACREP standard was met. </p><p> In response to the first question of how self-care is conceptualized in the program, two common themes emerged between the three individual cases: ambiguity of self-care conceptualization and an emphasis on prevention and early intervention. In response to question two which explored how the programs are integrating self-care education into the curriculum, two common themes emerged between the three cases: specific course integration and infusion throughout the program, and faculty involvement and demonstration of importance. The results and interpretations are explained; contributions to the current literature, implications, and limitations are discussed; and recommendations for future research are provided.</p>

<p> This study sought to better understand the phenomenon of Math anxiety as experienced by female elementary school teachers, teaching grades 2-5. Using qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data, ten participants were recruited for open-ended interviews designed to collect data in the form of verbatim statements. The analysis of this data resulted in qualitative descriptions of the lived experience of Math anxiety by focusing on <i> what</i> Math anxiety is and <i>how</i> it precipitates. In addition, a description of the meaning and essence of Math anxiety was constructed. Results of this study include teachers' descriptions of factors they associate with Math anxiety including frequently changing Mathematics curriculums, student and parental issues, mandatory statewide online Mathematical assessments, teacher evaluations that require statewide student Mathematical assessment scores and parental input, and budgetary decisions adversely affecting students and faculty. Participants described time restrictions, painful past memories, feelings of Mathematical inadequacy, and Mathematics/gender issues. In addition, participants described how Math anxiety may decrease with humor, greater Mathematical experience, and/or by understanding Mathematics on deeper levels due to the newly adopted Common Core Mathematical Standards. Up until the completion of this dissertation, the researcher has not been able to locate any studies describing the lived experience of Math anxiety in female elementary school teachers. Through the voices of the teachers themselves, it is hoped that this novel approach may increase the understanding of Math anxiety for educators, parents, students, administrators, and researchers.</p>

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the perceptions of international doctoral students enrolled in rehabilitation counseling regarding the quality of academic advising and its relationship with satisfaction and productivity. The sample for the study consisted of seven volunteer international doctoral students from four universities who are currently enrolled in rehabilitation counseling doctoral programs in the United States. Overall results from this qualitative study showed five themes: academic expectation, academic program satisfaction, cultural background, academic advising and factors than enhance the advisor relationship. The academic expectation reflects the importance of program ranking, completion of doctoral degree and research skills development. The academic program satisfaction theme reflects the vital role of receiving positive feedback from faculty members, the development of research skills, and coursework - plan of study related to the expectations of the international doctoral student. The cultural background should be included as criteria in the design and development of coursework. Academic advising reflects the significance of advisor availability consistent with course selection. The factors that enhance the advisory relationship reflect the areas of interest and future career plans, the program satisfaction, the cultural background, scholarly productivity and the quality advisory relationship. Keywords: international students, rehabilitation counseling education programs, academic advisement, satisfaction, productivity