With focal point on the national directions, created by Länsstyrelsen (Swedish county administration) in cooperation with National Method support against Trafficking (NMT), this paper aims to depict the phenomena trafficking and also portray the concurrent counteracting against trafficking in Sweden that authorities exert. All involved participants in this mechanism have their particular remit and their ability to interact is hence of utmost significance. In order to fully comprehend and be able to analyze these unified operative execution-elements and processes in Sweden we also have to understand what is proceeding in the international arena. The organized crime-combine is not restrained by boundaries and continuously develop and refine methods in sexual trafficking, that has grown into an expanding multibillion industry. International counteracting is consequently a worldwide existing matter of utmost interest. Therefore we will also, in our report, present international machines such as International Organization for Migration (IOM). In regard to the proceedings in the international arena, concerning empirical and methodical techniques and information of research findings, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) occupies the leading place in the analysis. The main focus, the cornerstone of this paper, is an inquiry into the formerly relatively unknown and unexplored aspects of what happens to individuals who have been subjected to sexual trafficking in Sweden after governmental intervention implicating forced re-allocation to the country-of-origin. There is an essential need for permanent structures for rehabilitation, acceptable socio-economic standard and effective methods to prevent victims of crime to be exposed to reoccurring exploitation. The basis for the analysis has been an organizational theory of society. This has been the foundation also for the understanding of collaboration between different actors and has accordingly given insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the mechanism of interaction.

Studien behandlar missuppfattningar gällande tre begreppen platsvärde, tallinje och storleksordning inom ämnesområdet tal i decimalform. Syftet för studien är att genom en läromedelsanalys undersöka vilka aspekter av missuppfattningar som motverkas i fyra olika läromedel för den svenska årskursen 5. Ett konceptuellt ramverk används i studien där begrepp sammanlänkas för att förstå ett fenomen, som i denna studie avser missuppfattningar. Metoden som har använts är läromedelsanalys där det genomförts både kvantitativa och kvalitativa analyser av läromedel. De läromedel som har analyserats i studien är: Mitt i Prick Matematik 5A, Koll på Matematik 5A, Matte Direkt-Borgen 5B och Pixel Matematik 5A. Resultatet visar en variation av erbjudanden där samtliga läromedel motverkar missuppfattningar gällande tal i decimalform i olika utsträckning. En slutsats utifrån studien är att läromedel kan vara en möjlig resurs för arbete med tal i decimalform men förutsätter ämnesdidaktiskt medvetna lärare i undervisningen. / The study deals with misconceptions connected to the three concepts place value, order of magnitude and number line in the mathematical field of decimal numbers. The purpose of the study is to investigate, through a learning material analysis, which aspects of misconceptions that are counteracted. The learning material analysis is based on four different learning materials for the Swedish grade 5. A conceptual framework is used in the study where concepts are linked together to understand a phenomenon, in this study misconceptions. The method that has been used is learning material analysis where both quantitative and qualitative analysis of learning materials have been done. The learning materials that have been analysed are: Mitt i Prick Matematik 5A, Koll på Matematik 5A, Matte Direkt-Borgen 5B and Pixel Matematik 5A. The result shows that all teaching materials contributes to counteractions of misconceptions in different ways. A conclusion based on the study shows that teaching materials are a possible resource for the education of decimal numbers in combination with didactical knowledge.

Актуальность темы обусловлена угрозой экстремистских и террористических преступлений, как для отдельных государств, так и для мирового сообщества в целом. Экстремисты стремятся расколоть общество и погрузить его в гражданскую войну. Для того, чтобы обезопасить общество необходимо не только бороться с конкретными экстремистскими и террористическими группировками, но и с идеями, которыми они вдохновляют других. До тех пор, пока будут распространяться экстремистские настроения, смертники по всему миру будут вдохновляться на совершение новых преступлений. В связи с этим необходимо четко выяснить существующие меры противодействия этим явлениям и разработать недостающие методы для профилактики и преодоления возникающих угроз. / The relevance of the topic is due to the threat of extremist and terrorist crimes, both for individual States and for the world community as a whole. Extremists seek to split society and plunge it into civil war. In order to protect society, it is necessary not only to fight against specific extremist and terrorist groups, but also with the ideas that they inspire others. As long as extremist sentiments continue to spread, suicide bombers around the world will be inspired to commit new crimes. In this regard, it is necessary to clearly identify existing measures to counter these phenomena and develop the missing methods to prevent and overcome emerging threats.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next generation of networked society where billions of, everyday-life, devices are directly connected to the Internet and able to communicate with each other. In particular, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) has become the de-facto IoT standard for communication at the application layer, as a lightweight web transfer protocol affordable also for resource-constrained platforms. However, as IoT devices are directly connected to the Internet, they are especially vulnerable to a number of security attacks including Denial of Service (DoS), which can seriously worsen their performance and responsiveness, and even make them totally unavailable to serve legitimate requests. In this Master's Thesis project, we have developed a cross-layer and context-aware approach that adaptively counteracts DoS attacks against CoAP server devices, by dynamically adjusting their operative state according to the attack intensity. This considerably limits the impact of DoS attacks and preserves service availability of victim devices to the best possible extent. The proposed approach leverages a trusted Proxy that adaptively shields victim devices, while effectively forwarding and caching messages if needed. We have made a proof-of-concept implementation of our solution for the Californium framework and the CoAP protocol, and experimentally evaluated its effectiveness in counteracting DoS and preserving availability of devices under attack. This Master's Thesis project has been conducted in collaboration with RISE SICS, a research institute for applied information and communication technology in Sweden. / Sakernas Internet (IoT) är nästa generations nätverkssamhälle där miljarder av, vardagliga, enheter är direkt anslutna till Internet och har möjlighet att kommunicera med varandra. Särskilt har CoAP, ett lättviktsprotokoll för webbtrafik som även fungerar för plattformar med begränsade resurser, blivit Sakernas Internets standard för kommunikation på applikationslagret. Men eftersom IoT-enheter är direkt anslutna till Internet så är de också speciellt utsatta för ett antal säkerhetsattacker, inklusive DoS, som kan försämra deras prestanda och mottaglighet avsevärt och i värsta fall göra dem helt otillgängliga för legitima förfrågningar. I detta examensarbete har vi utvecklat en lageröverskridande och kontextmedveten metod som adaptivt motverkar DoS attacker mot CoAP serverenheter genom att dynamiskt anpassa enhetens operativa tillstånd i enlighet med attackintensiteten. Detta begränsar DoS-attackers påverkan på enheterna avsevärt samtidigt som det bibehåller tillgänglighet för tjänster på utsatta enheter till största möjliga utsträckning. Den föreslagna metoden utnyttjar en betrodd proxy som adaptivt skyddar utsatta enheter, samtidigt som den effektivt vidarebefordrar och sparar meddelanden om så behövs. I detta arbete har vi skapat en proof of concept-implementation av vår lösning för Californium-ramverket och CoAP protokollet. Arbetet har utvärderats experimentellt för att undersöka lösningens effektivitet när det gäller att motarbeta DoS-attacker samt hur den bibehåller enheters tillgänglighet under attacker. Detta uppsatsprojekt har utförts i samarbete med RISE SICS som är ett forskningsinstitut för tillämpad informations- och kommunikationsteknik i Sverige.

Данная диссертация анализирует текущую ситуацию в области экстремистских проявлений на религиозной и националистической почве в Кыргызской Республике, и предлагает, разработанные в ходе исследования, рекомендации и предложения по их профилактике. / This dissertation analyzes the current situation in the field of extremist manifestations on religious and nationalistic grounds in the Kyrgyz Republic, and offers recommendations and suggestions for their prevention developed in the course of the research.

В работе рассматривается становление исламской системы образования в Киргизской Республике, анализируются нынешнее состояние исламского образования и существующие в этой области проблемы и противоречия. Формулируются практические рекомендации по повышению эффективности исламского образования в республике. Основное внимание сосредоточено на проблемах и противоречиях системы исламского образования и государственной политике по отношению к нему. Кроме того рассмотрены понятия радикализма, экстремизма и молодежи, а также использование основных исламских ценностей как средства борьбы с экстремизмом и терроризмом в молодёжной среде. / The work examines the formation of the Islamic education system in the Kyrgyz Republic, analyzes the current state of Islamic education and the problems and contradictions in this area. Practical recommendations are formulated to improve the effectiveness of Islamic education in the republic. The main attention is focused on the problems and contradictions of the Islamic education system and state policy in relation to it. In addition, the concepts of radicalism, extremism and youth, as well as the use of basic Islamic values as a means of combating extremism and terrorism in the youth environment are considered.