This thesis conducts a legal analysis of the Duchy of Cornwall and how its perceived status has changed over the centuries. The roots of the Duchy date back nearly a thousand years therefore an understanding of the roots of the Duchy and its evolution, focussing on the significant legal issues, over time is necessary to comprehend its present position. The thesis concludes by exploring issues surrounding the contemporary legal status of the Duchy and identifies areas in which there is a convenient ambiguity. In doing so it establishes that while the Duchy and Government describe it as a “private estate” it enjoys privileges and rights which are unique to a “private estate”. In addition it has a significant role in supporting the United Kingdom’s Head of State, the Sovereign, and the heir to the throne. The associated research undertaken in connection with this thesis presents new information which challenges the arguments of those who claim via the Duchy a special constitutional status for Cornwall. The evidence also suggests that the Duchy is not, despite claims to the contrary, publicly accountable in way that is expected in the 21st Century. The possibilities suggested by the Freedom of Information Act 2000 have been utilised and the experience gained will be of value to future researchers. As a consequence of the refusal of public authorities to provide information five complaints have been made to the Information Commissioner and there have been, at the time of writing, four cases in front of the First Tier Tribunal (Information Rights). The material contained within the National Archives has been comprehensively investigated for the first time by anyone with any interest in the Duchy. This has revealed significant new information which although publicly available was not generally known and casts new light on the status of the Duchy. An exploration of the Parliamentary Archives, not previously undertaken, raises questions about the basis of the privileges enjoyed by the Duchy. A similarly detailed review of the legal material, including important court cases challenges the “rights” claimed for the Duchy.

This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of using alcohol sales as an indicator of development or lag associated with development in Kentucky counties using summary statistics, shift-share analysis and an econometric model. The summary statistics are used to evaluate possible lines of causality and the Shift-share analysis and econometric model deal the specific characteristics of the county that are assumed to be influenced by the sale of alcohol. Limitations to the county level data were limiting to the time period evaluated in this thesis. As a result, much of the findings were inconclusive as to the relationship between county level economic development in Kentucky and the sale of alcohol.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a pobreza considerando caracterÃsticas econÃmicas, de capital humano, de infraestrutura e meio ambiente no estado do Cearà sob uma Ãtica multidimensional. Para tal finalidade, calculou-se o Ãndice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM) para os 184 municÃpios a partir de dados secundÃrios obtidos no IPECE, IBGE e PNUD, considerando os anos de 2000 e 2010. O Ãndice calculado foi composto por indicadores divididos em quatro funcionamentos: capital humano, economia, infraestrutura e ambiente. ApÃs a formulaÃÃo do IPM, os municÃpios foram agrupados em trÃs clusters: a primeira abrangeu os municÃpios em melhor situaÃÃo (IPM variando entre 0,00 e 47,00); a segunda envolveu aqueles valores de IPM intermediÃrio (IPM variando entre 47,01 a 69,19); e a terceira agrupou os municÃpios com os piores valores do Ãndice (IPM variando entre 69,20 e 100,00). Na anÃlise dos resultados, pode-se observar que o IPM para o Estado decresceu ao longo dos anos estudados, porÃm o funcionamento ambiental foi o que menos contribuiu para a melhoria do Ãndice. Este fato deve-se, principalmente, aos indicadores de Ãndice de DistribuiÃÃo de Chuvas (IDC) e escoamento superficial. Isso demonstra que a escassez de chuva sempre foi e continua sendo um agravante da pobreza. Com isso, pode-se concluir que, para que ocorram melhorias efetivas e duradouras no Ãndice de pobreza do CearÃ, à necessÃrio que haja uma ampliaÃÃo das polÃticas de convivÃncia com a seca, ao invÃs das polÃticas de cunho assistencialista e imediatistas que sÃo ainda mais preponderantes no estado. / This work aimed to analyze poverty considering economic features, human capital, infrastructure and the environment in the state of Cearà in a multidimensional optical. For this purpose, was calculated the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 184 municipalities from secondary data obtained in IPECE, IBGE and UNDP, considering the years of 2000 and 2010. The calculated index was composed of indicators divided into four functionings: human capital, economic, infrastructure and environment. After formulation of MPI, municipalities were grouped into three clusters: the first included municipalities with better situation (IPM ranging between 0,00 and 47,00); the second involved those intermediate values of IPM (IPM ranging from 47,01 to 69,19); and the third grouped the municipalities with the worst index values (IPM ranging between 69,20 and 100,00). In analysis of the results, it can be observed that the IPM to the state decreased over years studied, but the environmental functioning was that less contributed to the improvement of the index. This fact is mainly due to the indicators of Rainfall Distribution Index (RDI) and surface runoff. This demonstrates that the scarcity of rain has always been and continues to be an aggravating poverty. With this it can be concluded that, to occur effective and durable improvements in the poverty index of Cearà is necessary expand of policies of dealing with drought, instead of assistantial policies and short-term nature that are even more preponderant in the State.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-07T19:18:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-CeciliaCampello.pdf.pdf: 4175966 bytes, checksum: 7dedcf27646b48c368ec56ad81575b77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T19:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-CeciliaCampello.pdf.pdf: 4175966 bytes, checksum: 7dedcf27646b48c368ec56ad81575b77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nestadissertação,expõem-se os procedimentos, análises e considerações obtidas na pesquisa que teve por objetivo.Para a realização desta pesquisa, foi necessária a realização daanálise comparativa das tipologias das sete Casas de Câmara e Cadeia remanescentesem Pernambuco, construídas nos séculos XVIII e XIX com o modelo português.A questão inicial considerada é se o padrão tipológico lusitano se reproduziu fielmente na colônia ou se ocorreram transformações. Considerando a existência de transformações decorrentes no processo de implantação do modelo de Casas de Câmara e Cadeiana colônia, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é identificar em que aspectos essas mudanças ocorreram, procurando interpretar suas causas e condições.A hipótese formulada originalmente foi que as Casas de Câmara e Cadeia não possuíam a necessidade da imposição do poder através de sua estrutura física, já que este era óbvio. Para confirmar tal hipótese, foram verificados os padrões de proporção, simetria, materiais construtivos, elementos funcionais e estéticos, utilizando como artefato os edifícios e como material de suporte os códices da arquitetura clássica e militar, a iconografia existente, as plantas e fachadas. Como referenciais para análise comparativa foram analisados oito Concelhoslocalizados em Portugal, selecionados a partir do padrão tipológico semelhante e uma sequência cronológica do século XIII ao XVIII, com a intenção de acompanhar astransformações físicas ocorridas neste período. O produto resultante da análise desenvolvida nessa pesquisa confirmou a hipótese inicial e permitiu a elaboração de inferências nas considerações finais deste trabalho, que colaboraram na identificação das influências da cultura expansionista lusitana em suas relações com a colônia. / In this written essay, it has been exposedthe procedures, analyzes and considerations obtained intheresearch aimed at the comparative analysis of seven types of CountyHousesand Jail remnants in Pernambuco, built in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries withthe portuguese building model.The initial questiontaken into consideration is whether thetypological Lusitanianpattern has beenfaithfully reproduced in the colony or, if there were transformations. The original hypothesis was that,the CountyHouse and Jail did not have the need for the imposition of power through its physical structure, since itwas obvious.To confirm this hypothesis we have accessed the patterns of proportion, symmetry, construction materials, functional and aesthetic elements, using the buildings as artifact and,as support material, thecodices of classical and military architecture, the existing iconography, as well asbuildingsplant.As benchmarks for a comparative analysisa research was done in eight councils located in Portugal, selected from the standard typologicalpatternand,a similar chronological sequence of the thirteenth to the eighteenth centuries, with the intention ofmonitoringthe physical transformations that occurred during this period.The product results based on the development of the analysis ofthis study confirmed the initial hypothesis and allowed anelaborationof inferences in the final considerations of this work, which helped to identify the influences of theLusitanian expansionistculturein its relations with the colony.

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Yacoub M. Najjar / Asset Management is a relatively new term in the transportation world. It involves a systematic approach to maintaining, upgrading and operating all transportation assets (including infrastructure) cost-effectively. With the Government Accounting Standards Board's Statement 34 (GASB 34) requiring all transportation entities to report all capital assets on their annual reports as well as the development of new software and technologies, Asset Management is becoming easier to implement and quickly becoming an important part of the transportation industry. In Kansas the Department of Transportation has developed and successfully utilized an Asset Management system for all assets including bridges, roadways, drainage structures and signs. Kansas counties however, do not have the funds and personnel to implement and maintain an Asset Management system similar to that of the KDOT. Asset Management systems have only been developed by counties with large populations, but even they have not reached the full potential of the system. This thesis discusses the importance of creating and maintaining an effective Asset Management system. Kansas counties were surveyed and asked a series of questions about their asset management systems, or lack thereof, as well as the successes and failures of these systems. The counties were asked how they prioritize maintenance, what software they are using, and what assets they have inventoried. The results of the questionnaire showed that counties with large populations have shown interest in implementing Asset Management systems and many have worked to implement such a system. Conversely, counties with small populations that do not have the resources have not implemented Asset Management systems. Recommendations for implementing appropriate Asset Management systems are made to counties in the three population ranges: i) less than 5,000, ii) between 5,000 and 50,000, and iii) greater than 50,000. These include software recommendations and creating inventories of all county assets including culverts, signs and pavements.

Master of Arts / Department of Geography / John A. Harrington Jr / County consolidation and reorganization has been rare in the United States in the last 100 years, and recent literature on county consolidation and reorganization is limited. Still, county consolidation appears to be a possible method for reducing the cost of government in areas with declining rural populations. Seven consolidation scenarios were generated for Kansas using criteria based on distance from a county seat, population distribution, and local economic strength in terms of tangible assessed valuation. All the scenarios reduce the number of counties from the current 105 to 25. The goal of the study was not to advocate or oppose county consolidation, but rather to show a proficiency of GIS to implement user-defined consolidation and reorganization procedures. The seven scenarios each possessed strengths and weaknesses based on appearance and statistical measures of area and population. The population scenarios possessed the greatest apparent strength, based on measures of area and population as well as overall appearance. Still, county consolidation and reorganization is a daunting task due to inertia and the social opposition that would likely result, due to loss of existing county identity and losses of government funding provided to numerous rural county seats.

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document / Thesis (DPhil (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Information Science / unrestricted

Background: Fire fatality rates have decreased nationally while increasing in Tennessee. Individual characteristics affect the likelihood of fatality. Identification of populations sustaining greater proportions of fire fatality within the State will better inform regional fire prevention activities. Objectives: To compare individual characteristics of fatalities occurring in residential structure fires in Appalachian and Non-Appalachian counties of Tennessee. Methods: Analyses of residential structure fire fatality in Tennessee from 2005 to 2014 were conducted using Tennessee Fire Incident Reporting System data, comparing Appalachian and Non-Appalachian county regions. Analyses were restricted to incidents occurring in noninstitutionalized residential environments. Census data was used to identify county-level demographic characteristics. Direct adjustment for age effects between regions was performed. Results: There was no difference in proportion of fatalities between Appalachian (37.28%) and Non-Appalachian (36.27%) counties. Distribution of gender was similar between regions. A greater proportion of fatalities were aged 65 and older, compared to other age groups. Age- adjusted death rates were higher for Non-Appalachian (13.63/100,000) than Appalachian (11.18/100,000) counties. Age-specific death rates for persons younger than five years was greater in Appalachia (18.06/100,000 vs. 11.94/100,000), while age-specific death rates were greater among Non-Appalachian counties for persons aged 65 and older (37.23/100,000 vs. 19.75/100,000). A greater proportion of fire fatalities occurred in mobile homes in Appalachian counties (18.4%) than Non-Appalachian counties (11.3%). Conclusion:

Because of increasing rural land values, potential estate problems have been created for farm owners. This study was conducted to analyze land use changes when the farm owner dies. Land use changes and factors related to use change for estates subjected to probate court during 1971-1975, in the selected Utah counties, are described in this thesis. County records were searched for information pertaining to farm estates probaged in six Utah counties. Individuals handling the affairs of the estates were contacted by mail. Questionnaires returned were used in the analysis and are the basis for the conclusions of this study. General conclusions of the study were: 1. Land transferred from agricultural to non-agricultural use most frequently when land was sold by the owner prior to death. Transfer of farm land out of agriculture occurred least often when the farm owner utilized estate planning. 2. Regression analysis of variance was used to determine effects of related factors on disposition of farm land use after the owners death. Purchaser and method of land management were determined to significantly influence estate land use. 3. The marital deduction received considerable attention in the new Federal Estate tax law. Of the study estates which paid death taxes; if the new law had been in effect and each estate had a survivor, the total death tax burden would have been lower.

No description available.