Na última década, muitos municípios por todo o país vêm aderindo à tendência de elaboração e implementação de políticas voltadas à garantia da segurança pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar este processo de municipalização da segurança pública, por meio de estudo de caso sobre a implementação da Secretaria Municipal de Segurança Pública de São Leopoldo, RS e sua atuação voltada à prevenção da violência e criminalidade. Procurou-se apresentar os antecedentes teóricos da idéia de gestão local da segurança, identificados nas primeiras formulações da Escola de Chicago, chegando às abordagens atuais de controle informal, como o movimento da Nova Prevenção, desenvolvido na Itália, como proposta complementar aos mecanismos de controle formal.As relações entre municípios, estados e União na construção de uma política pública de segurança também são abordadas. O acompanhamento da implementação da secretaria e as ações executadas em seus dois primeiros anos são descritas e analisadas. A conclusão do estudo aponta os elementos identificados como facilitadores, assim como as dificuldades enfrentadas para a implementação das políticas públicas de segurança em âmbito municipal, e indica alguns caminhos possíveis para o aprofundamento da experiência de gestão municipal da segurança no caso estudado. / In the last decade, many counties all over the country are sticking to the trend of elaboration and implementation of policies addressed to public safety assurance. The objective of this work is to investigate the process of public safety municipalization, through a case study on the implementation of Sao Leopoldo Public Safety Municipal Office, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and its performance related to violence and crime prevention. The study attempts to present the theoretical antecedents of the idea of safety local management, identified in the first formulations of the Chicago School, coming up to the current informal control approaches, as the New Prevention movement, developed in Italy, as a complementary proposal to the mechanisms of formal control. Relations among counties, states and the Union in the construction of a safety public policy are approached also. The Municipal Office implementation follow up and the performed actions along the first two years are described and analyzed. The conclusion of the study indicates the elements identified as facilitators, as well as the difficulties faced to implement safety public policies on a municipal extent, and shows some possible paths for the experience deepening on safety municipal management related to the studied case.

This graduation thesis focuses on the issue of municipal debt acceptability and the possibility of its regulation. This thesis includes an analysis of revenues and expenditures of municipalities and regions, which points to a lack of non-repayable income. On the basis of analysis is also carried out an assessment of the municipalities. Part of this thesis also analyses debt at local and regional level and the ability to control debt in terms of existing legislation and proposal for the future. The practical part deals with the management of the Pardubice region by comparing the income and expenditure budget and evaluation of region debt acceptability.

Federal revenue sharing programs aim to make up lost tax revenue to counties that contain federal land, as counties do not receive any property tax revenue from publicly owned lands. This may have a significant impact on rural school districts with a limited tax base, as most funding for public education comes from property tax revenue. My analysis seeks to determine the full impact of certain federal revenue sharing payments (paid out by the U.S. Forest Service) on school districts in counties that contain U.S. Forest Service land. My analysis shows that the payments have little impact on school district budgets, indicating that states likely smooth for variations in the U.S. Forest Service payments.

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The ever-increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated healthcare costs in the United States has led to our healthcare system's need for cost-effective health resources and chronic disease management. The interventions of Community Health Workers (CHWs) can cost-effectively improve population health and prevent the unnecessary utilization of some medical services especially in rural, low-income, minority populations, where there is often limited access to healthcare. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number of total CHWs in rural counties and the mean diabetes-related preventable hospitalization rates in Latino patients diagnosed with diabetes in those rural counties. The main goal of this research study is to contribute to the existing literature about the importance of CHWs especially in rural counties and the effect their presence has on diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations. Quantitative rural county data sets were analyzed to determine the correlation between the number of CHWs per rural county and the rate of diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations per rural county. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, this research project was modified to be completed in a timely manner. A statistically insignificant moderately negative linear relationship was found between the two variables. Therefore, there was not enough statistical evidence in the sample to say that this correlation exists in the rural America population. Future research is needed to investigate this relationship more thoroughly.

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Als Schnittstelle zwischen der Lokal- und der Staatsebene konnten die Landkreise ihre Stellung im politischen System Deutschlands bewahren und ausbauen. Optimierungsbedarf hat sich aufgrund des sozioökonomischen, technischen und demographischen Wandel sowie der öffentlichen Finanzkrise ergeben. Kreisgebietsreformmodelle und die Ausweitung der Aufgabenkooperation dominieren die Reformdebatte. Neben den verfassungsrechtlichen Anforderungen und der Akzeptanz der Reform bei den Betroffenen ist der Reformerfolg wesentlich von der Qualität der Umsetzungsstrategie abhängig. Der aktivierenden Einbeziehung der Mitarbeiter in den Reformprozess kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. / As an interface between the local and state level, the counties maintain and expand their position in the political system of Germany. Reasons for the improvement are the socio-economic, technological and demographic changes and the expansion of the public finance crisis. Models of territorial reforms and public-public partnerships dominate the debate. The success of these reforms is largely dependent on the constitutional conformity, acceptance of citizens and the quality of the implementation process. Employees should be involved in the design of the reform process.

Als Schnittstelle zwischen der Lokal- und der Staatsebene konnten die Landkreise ihre Stellung im politischen System Deutschlands bewahren und ausbauen. Optimierungsbedarf hat sich aufgrund des sozioökonomischen, technischen und demographischen Wandel sowie der öffentlichen Finanzkrise ergeben. Kreisgebietsreformmodelle und die Ausweitung der Aufgabenkooperation dominieren die Reformdebatte. Neben den verfassungsrechtlichen Anforderungen und der Akzeptanz der Reform bei den Betroffenen ist der Reformerfolg wesentlich von der Qualität der Umsetzungsstrategie abhängig. Der aktivierenden Einbeziehung der Mitarbeiter in den Reformprozess kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. / As an interface between the local and state level, the counties maintain and expand their position in the political system of Germany. Reasons for the improvement are the socio-economic, technological and demographic changes and the expansion of the public finance crisis. Models of territorial reforms and public-public partnerships dominate the debate. The success of these reforms is largely dependent on the constitutional conformity, acceptance of citizens and the quality of the implementation process. Employees should be involved in the design of the reform process.