Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Paul I. Nelson / Capture-Recaputre (CR) experiments stemmed from the study of wildlife and are widely used in areas such as ecology, epidemiology, evaluation of census undercounts, and software testing, to estimate population size, survival rate, and other population parameters. The basic idea of the design is to use “overlapping” information contained in multiple samples from the population. In this report, we focus on the simplest form of Capture-Recapture experiments, namely, a two-sample Capture-Recapture design, which is conventionally called the “Petersen Method.” We study and compare the performance of three methods of constructing confidence intervals for the population size based on a Capture-Recapture design, asymptotic normality estimation, Chapman estimation, and “inverting a chi-square test” estimation, in terms of coverage rate and mean interval width. Simulation studies are carried out and analyzed using R and SAS. It turns out that the “inverting a chi-square test” estimation is better than the other two methods. A possible solution to the “zero recapture” problem is put forward. We find that if population size is at least a few thousand, two-sample CR estimation provides reasonable estimates of the population size.

The topic of this thesis is the issue of pension systems, which are an integral part of every advanced society. The aim of this thesis is to provide an insight into the basics of the issue, analyze selected pension systems and to assess the possibility of introduction similar pension systems in other countries. In the theoretical part of the thesis first presents basic aspects of the development of approach to finance consumption in old age, possible forms of pension systems, the risks that are associated with them, as well as several models of pension system that are currently enforced. In the analytical part pension systems of Australia, Denmark, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland are first specified separately and subsequently, on the basis of criteria coverage rate, financial sustainability and adequacy of pensions, subjected to comparative analysis. The result of the analysis is the determination of the Dutch pension system as a system that has, although not in all analyzed areas, the relatively best results of functioning. However, the widespread introduction of this system definitely not recommended, due to given economic differences in various countries, which are described in the conclusion of this thesis. Nevertheless of each pension system we can choose a positive approaches to solving problems on which we can build in the future.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka skillnader i hur manliga och kvinnliga idrottsutövare porträtteras i svenska tidningars sportjournalistik, utifrån tre centrala faktorer (1) tidsperspektiv, (2) täckningstal och (3) skribentens kön. Frågeställningar: • Har #metoo påverkat porträtteringen av könen i svenska tidningars sportjournalistik? • Påverkar tidningars täckningstal porträtteringen av könen i svenska tidningars sportjournalistik? • Påverkar skribentens kön porträtteringen av könen i svenska tidningars sportjournalistik? Teorier: Dagordningsteorin, gestaltningsteorin, tystnadsspiralen, medielogik Metod: I denna studie har vi använt oss av metoden kvantitativ innehållsanalys och genomfört undersökningen på två svenska tidningar, Aftonbladet och Nya Wermlands-tidningen. Vi undersökte 80 stycken artiklar, 40 stycken från vardera tidning, inhämtade från den digitala plattformen Retriever. Efter att vi genomfört den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen bearbetades vår data i IBM SPSS Statistics där vi med hjälp av resultatet skapade korstabeller. Genom resultatet analyserade och diskuterade vi fram slutsatser. Slutsats: Inledningsvis kan vi efter vår kvantitativa innehållsanalys dra slutsatsen att manliga idrottsutövare var överrepresenterade medan kvinnliga var underrepresenterade i svenska tidningars sportjournalistik. Vi kan även dra slutsatserna att manliga idrottsutövare gavs större utrymme än kvinnliga i förhållande till ordomfång, bilder och antalet personer som omskrivs. Fortsättningsvis kan vi dra slutsatsen att det skrevs mer om manliga idrottsutövare efter #metoo än vad det gjorde före #metoo. Vi kan också dra slutsatsen att den rikstäckande tidningen (Aftonbladet) och den lokala tidningen (Nya Wermlands-tidningen) skrev mer om manliga idrottsutövare än om kvinnliga. Dock höll den lokala tidningen en mer jämställd rapportering än den rikstäckande. Avslutningsvis kan vi konstatera att manliga skribenter skrev mer om manliga idrottsutövare medan kvinnliga skribenter var mer jämställda i sin rapportering. Däremot är flera av skillnaderna små. Nyckelord: kön, idrottsutövare, #metoo, täckningstal, skribentens kön, sportjournalistik / Purpose: The purpose of the essay is to examine differences in how male and female athletes are portrayed in Swedish newspaper sports journalism, through three central factors (1) time perspective, (2) coverage rate and (3) the gender of the author. Research questions: • Has #metoo affected the portrayal of genders in Swedish sports journalism? • Does the coverage rate of the newspaper affect the portrayal of genders in Swedish sports journalism? • Does the gender of the author affect the portrayal of genders in Swedish sports journalism? Theories: Agenda setting theory, Framing theory, The Spiral of Silence, Media logic Method: In this study we have been using the method quantitative content analysis. We've used this method on two Swedish newspapers; Aftonbladet and Nya Wermlands-tidningen. We’ve examined 80 articles, 40 from each newspaper, collected from the digital platform Retriever. After we collected the data it was processed in IBM SPSS Statistics, where we created cross tabulations. With the result we analysed and discussed our way to a conclusion. Conclusion: Initially we draw the conclusion that male athletes were overrepresented in Swedish newspapers’ sports journalism, while female athletes were underrepresented. We can also draw the conclusions that male athletes were given more space than female athletes seen to word scope, images and the number of people being written about. Further we can draw the conclusion that newspaper wrote more about male athletes after #metoo than they did before #metoo. We can also draw the conclusion that both the nationwide paper (Aftonbladet) and the local paper (Nya Wermlands-tidningen) tended to write more about male athletes than female. Nevertheless the local paper held a more equal reporting than the nationwide. At last we can conclude that male journalists wrote more about male athletes while female journalists were more equal in their reporting. Several of the differences are however small. Key words: gender, athletes, #metoo, coverage rate, the gender of the writer, sports journalism

Submitted by Kleber Osman (kleber.osman@icloud.com) on 2018-03-02T01:11:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 857853 bytes, checksum: 51c38d1dfdb2e92c87e2269bcc638896 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Kleber, boa noite! Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho, será necessário que faça somente uma alteração: - Na capa, o nome "GETULIO" não tem acento. Por gentileza alterar e submeter novamente. Obrigada! on 2018-03-06T00:00:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by Kleber Osman (kleber.osman@icloud.com) on 2018-03-06T02:15:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 861905 bytes, checksum: 3478b1be8a0bd0efd15781f0c21be7cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-03-06T19:29:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 861905 bytes, checksum: 3478b1be8a0bd0efd15781f0c21be7cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T13:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 861905 bytes, checksum: 3478b1be8a0bd0efd15781f0c21be7cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / A crise previdenciária vivenciada no decorrer dos últimos anos mostrou que seus impactos não se restringem ao desequilíbrio das contas públicas devido ao aumento dessas despesas obrigatórias, mas também efeitos sociais e econômicos negativos podem atingir toda a economia brasileira. Diante disso, esforços se direcionaram na tentativa de encontrar uma alternativa que permita desonerar as contas públicas para evitar uma crise na economia local, assim como garantir que os aposentados mantenham a mesma renda frente ao salário recebido anteriormente à aposentadoria. Neste sentido, este estudo investiga o perfil dos investidores em previdência privada, visando detectar as principais características que os diferenciam. A análise do perfil dos indivíduos que contribuem para planos de previdência privada permite que políticas de incentivo a este produto sejam melhores desenhadas e, possibilita à iniciativa privada o seu direcionamento ao público-alvo de forma mais eficiente – uma vez reveladas as variáveis socioeconômicas de maior relevância. O método utilizado na indicação desses fatores baseia-se na estimação LOGIT, que tem como objetivo principal auferir quais são as variáveis com maiores ganhos marginais que afetam a probabilidade do indivíduo participar de plano de previdência privada. E, com base nos resultados, constatou-se que as variáveis 'educação' e 'renda' são preponderantes para a inscrição do indivíduo em plano de previdência privada. / The social security crisis experienced in recent years has shown that its impacts are not restricted to the imbalance of public accounts due to the increase in these compulsory expenses, but also negative social and economic effects can affect the entire Brazilian economy. In the face of this, efforts were directed towards finding an alternative that would allow public accounts to be discharged to avoid a crisis in the local economy, as well as ensuring that retirees maintain the same income against the salary received prior to retirement. In this sense, this study investigates the profile of private pension investors in order to detect the main characteristics that differentiate them. The analysis of the profile of individuals contributing to private pension plans allows policies to encourage this product to be better designed and allows the private sector to target the target public more efficiently - once the socioeconomic variables of greater relevance. The method used to indicate these factors is based on the LOGIT estimation, whose main objective is to determine which are the variables with the greatest marginal gains that affect the probability of the individual participating in a private pension plan. And, based on the results, it was verified that the variables 'education' and 'income' are preponderant for the inscription of the individual in private pension plan.