Submitted by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-22T16:22:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_IdentidadesSubmersasAnalise.pdf: 3931566 bytes, checksum: ea88b28050b75aaa50462671e1e32cb7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-22T16:35:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_IdentidadesSubmersasAnalise.pdf: 3931566 bytes, checksum: ea88b28050b75aaa50462671e1e32cb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T16:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_IdentidadesSubmersasAnalise.pdf: 3931566 bytes, checksum: ea88b28050b75aaa50462671e1e32cb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho aborda a condição do feminino no cotidiano prisional, por meio do confronto entre retrato fotográfico e relato oral, produzidos com as mulheres internas do Centro de Reeducação Feminino – CRF, único presidio feminino do Estado do Pará, localizado em Ananindeua, região Metropolitana de Belém. Provocando a percepção da autoimagem fotográfica - que é negada pela ausência de espelhos no cárcere – e utilizando o relato oral e memórias das internas como fonte para análise semiótica dos retratos fotográficos, procura reconhecer as implicações e reflexões identitárias e de gênero que surgem no processo. / This work research about the women’s condition in their prisoner quotidian, using photographic portraits and oral relate made with the interne women of Centro de Reeducação Feminino – CRF, the only female prison of Pará state, placed on Ananindeua, metropolitan area of Belém city. Inciting the perception of self-image on the interns – that is denied by the absence of mirrors – and using their oral relates and memories as a source for semiotics analyses of photographic portraits, recognizing the identity and gender reflections and its inferences that appears in the process.

There has been a growing interest in stochastic modelling and learning with complex data, whose elements are structured and interdependent. One of the most successful methods to model data dependencies is graphical models, which is a combination of graph theory and probability theory. This thesis focuses on a special type of graphical models known as Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) (Lafferty et al., 2001), in which the output state spaces, when conditioned on some observational input data, are represented by undirected graphical models. The contributions of thesis involve both (a) broadening the current applicability of CRFs in the real world and (b) deepening the understanding of theoretical aspects of CRFs. On the application side, we empirically investigate the applications of CRFs in two real world settings. The first application is on a novel domain of Vietnamese accent restoration, in which we need to restore accents of an accent-less Vietnamese sentence. Experiments on half a million sentences of news articles show that the CRF-based approach is highly accurate. In the second application, we develop a new CRF-based movie recommendation system called Preference Network (PN). The PN jointly integrates various sources of domain knowledge into a large and densely connected Markov network. We obtained competitive results against well-established methods in the recommendation field. / On the theory side, the thesis addresses three important theoretical issues of CRFs: feature selection, parameter estimation and modelling recursive sequential data. These issues are all addressed under a general setting of partial supervision in that training labels are not fully available. For feature selection, we introduce a novel learning algorithm called AdaBoost.CRF that incrementally selects features out of a large feature pool as learning proceeds. AdaBoost.CRF is an extension of the standard boosting methodology to structured and partially observed data. We demonstrate that the AdaBoost.CRF is able to eliminate irrelevant features and as a result, returns a very compact feature set without significant loss of accuracy. Parameter estimation of CRFs is generally intractable in arbitrary network structures. This thesis contributes to this area by proposing a learning method called AdaBoost.MRF (which stands for AdaBoosted Markov Random Forests). As learning proceeds AdaBoost.MRF incrementally builds a tree ensemble (a forest) that cover the original network by selecting the best spanning tree at a time. As a result, we can approximately learn many rich classes of CRFs in linear time. The third theoretical work is on modelling recursive, sequential data in that each level of resolution is a Markov sequence, where each state in the sequence is also a Markov sequence at the finer grain. One of the key contributions of this thesis is Hierarchical Conditional Random Fields (HCRF), which is an extension to the currently popular sequential CRF and the recent semi-Markov CRF (Sarawagi and Cohen, 2004). Unlike previous CRF work, the HCRF does not assume any fixed graphical structures. / Rather, it treats structure as an uncertain aspect and it can estimate the structure automatically from the data. The HCRF is motivated by Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) (Fine et al., 1998). Importantly, the thesis shows that the HHMM is a special case of HCRF with slight modification, and the semi-Markov CRF is essentially a flat version of the HCRF. Central to our contribution in HCRF is a polynomial-time algorithm based on the Asymmetric Inside Outside (AIO) family developed in (Bui et al., 2004) for learning and inference. Another important contribution is to extend the AIO family to address learning with missing data and inference under partially observed labels. We also derive methods to deal with practical concerns associated with the AIO family, including numerical overflow and cubic-time complexity. Finally, we demonstrate good performance of HCRF against rivals on two applications: indoor video surveillance and noun-phrase chunking.

The dramatic feeding-related activities of the Chagas' disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus are under neurohormonal regulation of serotonin and various neuropeptides. One such family of neuropeptides, the insect kinins, possesses diuretic, digestive and myotropic activities in many insects. In R. prolixus, they co-localize with the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like diuretic hormone (DH) in neurosecretory cell bodies and their abdominal neurohaemal sites. Additionally, kinins are present in endocrine cells of the midgut and are known to stimulate hindgut and midgut contractions. Through the experimentation presented in this dissertation, the cloning and spatial expression of the R. prolixus kinin (Rhopr-kinin) transcript is described. Physiological bioassays demonstrate the myostimulatory effects of selected Rhopr-kinin peptides and also illustrate the augmented responses of hindgut contractions to co-application of Rhopr-kinin and Rhopr-CRF/DH. The irreversible effects of two synthetic kinin analogs on the hindgut relative to the native kinins also exhibit the prospective biotechnological significance of this study.

The dramatic feeding-related activities of the Chagas' disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus are under neurohormonal regulation of serotonin and various neuropeptides. One such family of neuropeptides, the insect kinins, possesses diuretic, digestive and myotropic activities in many insects. In R. prolixus, they co-localize with the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like diuretic hormone (DH) in neurosecretory cell bodies and their abdominal neurohaemal sites. Additionally, kinins are present in endocrine cells of the midgut and are known to stimulate hindgut and midgut contractions. Through the experimentation presented in this dissertation, the cloning and spatial expression of the R. prolixus kinin (Rhopr-kinin) transcript is described. Physiological bioassays demonstrate the myostimulatory effects of selected Rhopr-kinin peptides and also illustrate the augmented responses of hindgut contractions to co-application of Rhopr-kinin and Rhopr-CRF/DH. The irreversible effects of two synthetic kinin analogs on the hindgut relative to the native kinins also exhibit the prospective biotechnological significance of this study.

<p>Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping SLAM-problemet är ett robotikproblem som består av att låta en robot kartlägga ett tidigare okänt område, och samtidigt lokalisera sig i den skapade kartan. Det här exjobbet presenterar ett försök till en lösning på SLAM-problemet som fungerar i konstant tid i en urban miljö. En sådan lösning måste hantera en datamängd som ständigt ökar, utan att beräkningskomplexiteten ökar signifikant.</p><p>Ett informationsfilter på fördröjd tillståndsform används för estimering av robotens trajektoria, och kamera och laseravståndssensorer används för att samla spatial information om omgivningarna längs färdvägen. Två olika metoder för att detektera loopslutningar föreslås. Den första är bildbaserad och använder Tree of Words för jämförelse av bilder. Den andra metoden är laserbaserad och använder en tränad klassificerare för att jämföra laserscans. När två posar, position och riktning, kopplats samman i en loopslutning beräknas den relativa posen med laserscansinriktning med hjälp av en kombination av Conditional Random Field-Match och Iterative Closest Point.</p><p>Experiment visar att både bild- och laserscansbaserad loopslutningsdetektion fungerar bra i stadsmiljö, och resulterar i good estimering av kartan såväl som robotens trajektoria.</p> / <p>In robotics, the Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping SLAM problem consists of letting a robot map a previously unknown environment, while simultaneously localising the robot in the same map. In this thesis, an attempt to solve the SLAM problem in constant time in a complex environment, such as a suburban area, is made. Such a solution must handle increasing amounts of data without significant increase in computation time.</p><p>A delayed state information filter is used to estimate the robot's trajectory, and camera and laser range sensors are used to acquire spatial information about the environment along the trajectory. Two approaches to loop closure detection are proposed. The first is image based using Tree of Words for image comparison. The second is laser based using a trained classifier for laser scan comparison. The relative pose, the difference in position and heading, of two poses matched in loop closure is calculated with laser scan alignment using a combination of Conditional Random Field-Match and Iterative Closest Point.</p><p>Experiments show that both image and laser based loop closure detection works well in a suburban area, and results in good estimation of the map as well as the robot's trajectory.</p>

Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping SLAM-problemet är ett robotikproblem som består av att låta en robot kartlägga ett tidigare okänt område, och samtidigt lokalisera sig i den skapade kartan. Det här exjobbet presenterar ett försök till en lösning på SLAM-problemet som fungerar i konstant tid i en urban miljö. En sådan lösning måste hantera en datamängd som ständigt ökar, utan att beräkningskomplexiteten ökar signifikant. Ett informationsfilter på fördröjd tillståndsform används för estimering av robotens trajektoria, och kamera och laseravståndssensorer används för att samla spatial information om omgivningarna längs färdvägen. Två olika metoder för att detektera loopslutningar föreslås. Den första är bildbaserad och använder Tree of Words för jämförelse av bilder. Den andra metoden är laserbaserad och använder en tränad klassificerare för att jämföra laserscans. När två posar, position och riktning, kopplats samman i en loopslutning beräknas den relativa posen med laserscansinriktning med hjälp av en kombination av Conditional Random Field-Match och Iterative Closest Point. Experiment visar att både bild- och laserscansbaserad loopslutningsdetektion fungerar bra i stadsmiljö, och resulterar i good estimering av kartan såväl som robotens trajektoria. / In robotics, the Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping SLAM problem consists of letting a robot map a previously unknown environment, while simultaneously localising the robot in the same map. In this thesis, an attempt to solve the SLAM problem in constant time in a complex environment, such as a suburban area, is made. Such a solution must handle increasing amounts of data without significant increase in computation time. A delayed state information filter is used to estimate the robot's trajectory, and camera and laser range sensors are used to acquire spatial information about the environment along the trajectory. Two approaches to loop closure detection are proposed. The first is image based using Tree of Words for image comparison. The second is laser based using a trained classifier for laser scan comparison. The relative pose, the difference in position and heading, of two poses matched in loop closure is calculated with laser scan alignment using a combination of Conditional Random Field-Match and Iterative Closest Point. Experiments show that both image and laser based loop closure detection works well in a suburban area, and results in good estimation of the map as well as the robot's trajectory.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Parmi l’ensemble des désordres métaboliques retrouvés en insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC), la résistance à l’insuline demeure l’un des plus importantes à considérer en raison des risques de morbidité et de mortalité qu’elle engendre via les complications cardiovasculaires. Peu d’études ont considéré la modulation de transporteurs de glucose comme mécanisme sous-jacent à l’apparition et à la progression de la résistance à l’insuline en IRC. Nous avons exploré cette hypothèse en étudiant l’expression de transporteurs de glucose issus d’organes impliqués dans son homéostasie (muscles, tissus adipeux, foie et reins) via l’utilisation d’un modèle animal d’IRC (néphrectomie 5/6e). La sensibilité à l’insuline a été déterminée par un test de tolérance au glucose (GTT), où les résultats reflètent une intolérance au glucose et une hyperinsulinémie, et par les études de transport au niveau musculaire qui témoignent d’une diminution du métabolisme du glucose en IRC (~31%; p<0,05). La diminution significative du GLUT4 dans les tissus périphériques (~40%; p<0,001) peut être à l’origine de la résistance à l’insuline en IRC. De plus, l’augmentation de l’expression protéique de la majorité des transporteurs de glucose (SGLT1, SGLT2, GLUT1; p<0,05) au niveau rénal en IRC engendre une plus grande réabsorption de glucose dont l’hyperglycémie subséquente favorise une diminution du GLUT4 exacerbant ainsi la résistance à l’insuline. L’élévation des niveaux protéiques de GLUT1 et GLUT2 au niveau hépatique témoigne d’un défaut homéostatique du glucose en IRC. Les résultats jusqu’ici démontrent que la modulation de l’expression des transporteurs de glucose peut être à l’origine de la résistance à l’insuline en IRC. L’impact de la parathyroïdectomie (PTX) sur l’expression du GLUT4 a été étudié étant donné que la PTX pourrait corriger l’intolérance au glucose en IRC. Nos résultats démontrent une amélioration de l’intolérance au glucose pouvant être attribuable à la moins grande réduction de l’expression protéique du GLUT4 dans les tissus périphériques et ce malgré la présence d’IRC. L’excès de PTH, secondaire à l’hyperparathyroïdie, pourrait alors être à l’origine de la résistance à l’insuline en IRC en affectant l’expression du GLUT4. L’IRC partage de nombreuses similitudes avec le prédiabète quant aux défaillances du métabolisme du glucose tout comme l’hyperinsulinémie et l’intolérance au glucose. Aucune étude n’a tenté d’évaluer si l’IRC pouvait ultimement mener au diabète. Nos résultats ont par ailleurs démontré que l’induction d’une IRC sur un modèle animal prédisposé (rats Zucker) engendrait une accentuation de leur intolérance au glucose tel que constaté par les plus hautes glycémies atteintes lors du GTT. De plus, certains d’entre eux avaient des glycémies à jeun dont les valeurs surpassent les 25 mmol/L. Il est alors possible que l’IRC puisse mener au diabète via l’évolution de la résistance à l’insuline par l’aggravation de l’intolérance au glucose. / Of all metabolic disorders found in chronic renal failure (CRF), insulin resistance remains one of the most important to consider because of the risk of morbidity and mortality it causes via cardiovascular complications. Few studies have considered the modulation of glucose transporters as the mechanism underlying the emergence and progression of insulin resistance in CRF. We explored this hypothesis by studying the expression of glucose transporters from organs involved in its homeostasis (muscle , fat , liver and kidneys) through the use of an animal model reflecting CRF (5/6th nephrectomy). The insulin sensitivity was determined by a glucose tolerance test (GTT), where the results reflect glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia , and transport studies in muscle show a decrease in glucose uptake in CRF ratss (~31% , p<0.05). The significant decrease in GLUT4 in peripheral tissues (~40%, p<0.001) may be the cause of insulin resistance in CRF. Furthermore, increased protein expression of the majority of glucose transporters (SGLT1, SGLT2, GLUT1, p<0.05) within the kidney in CRF causes greater glucose reabsorption in which consequential hyperglycemia promotes a decrease in GLUT4 thus exacerbating insulin resistance. Elevated protein levels of GLUT1 and GLUT2 in the liver reflects an impaired glucose homeostasis in CRF. The results show that the modulation of the expression of glucose transporters may be responsible for insulin resistance in CRF. The impact of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the expression of GLUT4 was studied since PTX is known to correct glucose intolerance in CRF. Our results show an improvement in glucose intolerance which may be due to less reduction of GLUT4 protein expression in peripheral tissues despite the presence of CRF. The excess of PTH, linked to secondary hyperparathyroidism, could be held responsible to the presence of insulin resistance in CRF by affectant GLUT4 expression. CRF shares many similarities with prediabetes in regards to impaired glucose metabolism such as hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. No studies have attempted to assess whether CRF could lead to diabetes. Our results demonstrated that the induction of CRF in a predisposed animal model (Zucker rats) provoked greater glucose intolerance as evidenced by the highest blood glucose levels reached in the GTT. In addition, some of them had fasting blood glucose levels whose values exceeded 25 mmol/L. It is therefore possible that CRF can lead to diabetes through the evolution of insulin resistance by the worsening of glucose intolerance.

In order to achieve state-of-the-art performance for part-of-speech(POS) tagging, the traditional systems require a significant amount of hand-crafted features and data pre-processing. In this thesis, we present a discriminative word embedding, character embedding and byte pair encoding (BPE) hybrid neural network architecture to implement a true end-to-end system without feature engineering and data pre-processing. The neural network architecture is a combination of bidirectional LSTM, CNNs, and CRF, which can achieve a state-of-the-art performance for a wide range of sequence labeling tasks. We evaluate our model on Universal Dependencies (UD) dataset for English, Spanish, and German POS tagging. It outperforms other models with 95.1%, 98.15%, and 93.43% accuracy on testing datasets respectively. Moreover, the largest improvements of our model appear on out-of-vocabulary corpora for Spanish and German. According to statistical significance testing, the improvements of English on testing and out-of-vocabulary corpora are not statistically significant. However, the improvements of the other more morphological languages are statistically significant on their corresponding corpora.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thatiane Batista Batista.pdf: 1969781 bytes, checksum: d2932f0b966a1381463133019033ad7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / Chronic renal failure (CRF) is increasingly common in the population and involves the irreversible loss of kidney function necessitating treatment of renal replacement therapy. The most common is hemodialysis that performs a bypass filtration, removing fluids and toxins from the blood of the patient. But this process does not physiological causes an increase in oxidative stress and complications such as diseases of morbidity and mortality among them the cardiovascular disease and cancer. For a reduction in the frequency of these diseases is achieved the use of vitamins is necessary because the nutritional status affects the development of these diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in chronic renal patients using the micronucleus assay in lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells after vitamin supplementation by folic acid and vitamins E, C and B12. There were 16 voluntary patients provided that each of the three samples for each test, a sample was received before supplementation and during the treatment, after one and two months of use of vitamins. In the assay of lymphocytes with blocking cytokinesis (CBMN) were analyzed nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges and micronuclei in binucleated cells, and nuclear division index. Already in the cells of mucosa were binucleated cells, mononucleated and apoptosis, karyolysis, micronucleus and broken egg. The results show that the frequency of nuclear abnormalities was reduced with the use of vitamins in two trials, and in some assessments there were no statistical differences. In addition, were found gender differences in behavior of supplementation. This study provides evidence that vitamin use by patients with chronic renal failure was associated with reductions in nuclear changes evaluated, which may contribute to better quality of life for these patients / A insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é cada vez mais frequente na população e implica na perda irreversível das funções renais, o que torna necessário um tratamento de terapia renal substitutiva. A mais comum é a hemodiálise, que realiza uma filtração extracorpórea, removendo líquidos e toxinas do sangue do paciente. Porém, esse processo não fisiológico promove um aumento do estresse oxidativo e de complicações como doenças de morbimortalidade, dentre elas a doença cardiovascular e o câncer. Para que uma redução na frequência dessas doenças seja alcançada a utilização de vitaminas se faz necessária já que o estado nutricional interfere para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em pacientes renais crônicos utilizando o ensaio do micronúcleo em linfócitos e células da mucosa bucal após a suplementação vitamínica por ácido fólico, e vitaminas E, C e B12. Dezesseis pacientes voluntários forneceram, cada um, três amostras para cada ensaio, uma amostra foi antes de receberem a suplementação e duas durante o tratamento, após um e dois meses de utilização das vitaminas. No ensaio dos linfócitos com bloqueio de citocinese (CBMN) foram analisados brotos, pontes nucleoplasmática e micronúcleos em células binucleadas, além do índice de divisão nuclear. Já nas células da mucosa foram analisadas células binucleadas, e as mononucleadas em apoptose, cariólise, com micronúcleos e broken egg. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a frequência das alterações nucleares foi reduzida com a utilização das vitaminas, nos dois ensaios, sendo que algumas avaliações não tiveram diferenças estatísticas. Além disso, foram encontradas diferenças de comportamento dos gêneros frente à suplementação. Este trabalho fornece evidências de que a utilização vitamínica, pelos pacientes renais crônicos, foi associada a reduções das alterações nucleares avaliadas, o que pode contribuir para melhor qualidade de vida desses indivíduos