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Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Urinkallikrein vergleichende Untersuchungen bei Normalpersonen und essentiellen Hypertonikern /Sickel, Birgit, January 1987 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Köln, 1987.
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Papel do receptor B2 de cininas na terapia da neurodegeneração dopaminérgica em modelo animal / Targeting Kinin-B2 receptors for the treatment of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an animal modeSouza, Hellio Danny Nobrega de 13 September 2018 (has links)
A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo, caracterizada em parte pela perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos da via nigroestriatal, originada na substância negra com projeções para o estriado, causando vários déficits motores. Atualmente, o tratamento mais utilizado é a administração de L-DOPA, um análogo da dopamina. Porém, essa droga apresenta eficácia limitada e induz diversos efeitos colaterais. A exploração dos efeitos neuroprotetores, proliferativos e neuroregenerativos da bradicinina (BK) em modelo animal de DP pode conduzir à substituição celular do tecido lesionado pela 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA). De fato, a BK e seus receptores possuem um grande espectro de ações fisiológicas, estando classicamente envolvida no controle da homeostase cardiovascular e inflamação, além de exercer efeitos protetores em fisiopatologias do sistema nervoso, como em modelos de acidente vascular cerebral. Vários tipos celulares têm suas vias de sinalização associadas à ativação do receptor B2 de cininas (B2BKR). Trabalhos anteriores de nosso grupo mostraram que a BK está envolvida na diferenciação neural de células progenitoras neurais por um loop autócrino que resulta em ativação do B2BKR. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho mostram a eficácia do tratamento com BK, um agonista de B2BKR, em animais submetidos à lesão da via nigro-estriatal induzida por 6-OHDA. Além disso, há uma recuperação comportamental e histológica desses animais quando tratados com Captopril®, um potencializador dos efeitos farmacológicos da BK, e com [Phe8Ψ(CH-NH)Arg9]-Bradicinina, agonista estável do receptor B2BKR. Assim, concluímos que a ativação de B2BKR pela BK desencadeiaum processo de neuroregeneração dopaminérgica de animais submetidos à lesão por 6-OHDA. Trabalhos recentes mostram que o receptor B2BKR desempenha um importante papel neuroprotetor em modelo animal da Doença de Alzheimer, o que corrobora nossos achados. Juntos, esses resultados contribuem para o estabelecimento da ação neuroprotetora e neurorregenerativa da BK no modelo de animal de neurodegeneração dopaminérgica, tornando-a uma excelente candidata para aplicação em terapias de reparo neuronal. / Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder partially characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, originated in the substantia nigra with projections to the striatum, which causes several motor deficits. Currently, the most commonly used drug for PD treatment is levodopa. However, it has limited efficacy and induces several side effects. Elucidation of the neuroprotective, proliferative and neuroregenerative effects of bradykinin (BK) in animal models of PD can culminate in cellular replacement of the tissue damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In fact, BK and its receptor have several physiological effects, being classically involved in the control of cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammation. Besides, BK exerts protective effects on nervous system pathophysiology, as observed in stroke models. Several cell types have their signaling pathways associated with the B2 kinin receptor (B2BKR) activation. Previous work from our group showed that BK is involved in differentiation of neural progenitor cells by an autocrine loop that results in activation of B2BKR. The results presented in this thesis show the efficacy of treatment with BK, through B2BKR activation, in animals submitted to nigrostriatal pathway injury induced by 6-OH dopamine. Furthermore, behavioral and histological recoveries of these animals were observed when treated with Captopril®, a potentiator of BK pharmacological effects, and with [Phe8Ψ (CH-NH) Arg9] -BK, a stable agonist of the B2BKR receptor. Thus, we conclude that BK activation of B2BKR triggers neuroregenerative processes in animals submitted to 6- OHDA injury. Recent studies showed that the B2BKR receptor plays an important neuroprotective role in an animal model of Alzheimer\'s disease, which corroboratesour findings. Together, these results contribute to the establishment of the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative actions of BK - an excellent candidate for neural repair therapies.
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The Physiological Roles of Rhopr-kinins and the Molecular Characterization of their Gene in the Blood-gorging Insect, Rhodnius prolixusBhatt, Garima 20 November 2012 (has links)
The dramatic feeding-related activities of the Chagas' disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus are under neurohormonal regulation of serotonin and various neuropeptides. One such family of neuropeptides, the insect kinins, possesses diuretic, digestive and myotropic activities in many insects. In R. prolixus, they co-localize with the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like diuretic hormone (DH) in neurosecretory cell bodies and their abdominal neurohaemal sites. Additionally, kinins are present in endocrine cells of the midgut and are known to stimulate hindgut and midgut contractions. Through the experimentation presented in this dissertation, the cloning and spatial expression of the R. prolixus kinin (Rhopr-kinin) transcript is described. Physiological bioassays demonstrate the myostimulatory effects of selected Rhopr-kinin peptides and also illustrate the augmented responses of hindgut contractions to co-application of Rhopr-kinin and Rhopr-CRF/DH. The irreversible effects of two synthetic kinin analogs on the hindgut relative to the native kinins also exhibit the prospective biotechnological significance of this study.
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The Physiological Roles of Rhopr-kinins and the Molecular Characterization of their Gene in the Blood-gorging Insect, Rhodnius prolixusBhatt, Garima 20 November 2012 (has links)
The dramatic feeding-related activities of the Chagas' disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus are under neurohormonal regulation of serotonin and various neuropeptides. One such family of neuropeptides, the insect kinins, possesses diuretic, digestive and myotropic activities in many insects. In R. prolixus, they co-localize with the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like diuretic hormone (DH) in neurosecretory cell bodies and their abdominal neurohaemal sites. Additionally, kinins are present in endocrine cells of the midgut and are known to stimulate hindgut and midgut contractions. Through the experimentation presented in this dissertation, the cloning and spatial expression of the R. prolixus kinin (Rhopr-kinin) transcript is described. Physiological bioassays demonstrate the myostimulatory effects of selected Rhopr-kinin peptides and also illustrate the augmented responses of hindgut contractions to co-application of Rhopr-kinin and Rhopr-CRF/DH. The irreversible effects of two synthetic kinin analogs on the hindgut relative to the native kinins also exhibit the prospective biotechnological significance of this study.
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Papel do receptor B2 de cininas na terapia da neurodegeneração dopaminérgica em modelo animal / Targeting Kinin-B2 receptors for the treatment of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an animal modeHellio Danny Nobrega de Souza 13 September 2018 (has links)
A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo, caracterizada em parte pela perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos da via nigroestriatal, originada na substância negra com projeções para o estriado, causando vários déficits motores. Atualmente, o tratamento mais utilizado é a administração de L-DOPA, um análogo da dopamina. Porém, essa droga apresenta eficácia limitada e induz diversos efeitos colaterais. A exploração dos efeitos neuroprotetores, proliferativos e neuroregenerativos da bradicinina (BK) em modelo animal de DP pode conduzir à substituição celular do tecido lesionado pela 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA). De fato, a BK e seus receptores possuem um grande espectro de ações fisiológicas, estando classicamente envolvida no controle da homeostase cardiovascular e inflamação, além de exercer efeitos protetores em fisiopatologias do sistema nervoso, como em modelos de acidente vascular cerebral. Vários tipos celulares têm suas vias de sinalização associadas à ativação do receptor B2 de cininas (B2BKR). Trabalhos anteriores de nosso grupo mostraram que a BK está envolvida na diferenciação neural de células progenitoras neurais por um loop autócrino que resulta em ativação do B2BKR. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho mostram a eficácia do tratamento com BK, um agonista de B2BKR, em animais submetidos à lesão da via nigro-estriatal induzida por 6-OHDA. Além disso, há uma recuperação comportamental e histológica desses animais quando tratados com Captopril®, um potencializador dos efeitos farmacológicos da BK, e com [Phe8Ψ(CH-NH)Arg9]-Bradicinina, agonista estável do receptor B2BKR. Assim, concluímos que a ativação de B2BKR pela BK desencadeiaum processo de neuroregeneração dopaminérgica de animais submetidos à lesão por 6-OHDA. Trabalhos recentes mostram que o receptor B2BKR desempenha um importante papel neuroprotetor em modelo animal da Doença de Alzheimer, o que corrobora nossos achados. Juntos, esses resultados contribuem para o estabelecimento da ação neuroprotetora e neurorregenerativa da BK no modelo de animal de neurodegeneração dopaminérgica, tornando-a uma excelente candidata para aplicação em terapias de reparo neuronal. / Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder partially characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, originated in the substantia nigra with projections to the striatum, which causes several motor deficits. Currently, the most commonly used drug for PD treatment is levodopa. However, it has limited efficacy and induces several side effects. Elucidation of the neuroprotective, proliferative and neuroregenerative effects of bradykinin (BK) in animal models of PD can culminate in cellular replacement of the tissue damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In fact, BK and its receptor have several physiological effects, being classically involved in the control of cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammation. Besides, BK exerts protective effects on nervous system pathophysiology, as observed in stroke models. Several cell types have their signaling pathways associated with the B2 kinin receptor (B2BKR) activation. Previous work from our group showed that BK is involved in differentiation of neural progenitor cells by an autocrine loop that results in activation of B2BKR. The results presented in this thesis show the efficacy of treatment with BK, through B2BKR activation, in animals submitted to nigrostriatal pathway injury induced by 6-OH dopamine. Furthermore, behavioral and histological recoveries of these animals were observed when treated with Captopril®, a potentiator of BK pharmacological effects, and with [Phe8Ψ (CH-NH) Arg9] -BK, a stable agonist of the B2BKR receptor. Thus, we conclude that BK activation of B2BKR triggers neuroregenerative processes in animals submitted to 6- OHDA injury. Recent studies showed that the B2BKR receptor plays an important neuroprotective role in an animal model of Alzheimer\'s disease, which corroboratesour findings. Together, these results contribute to the establishment of the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative actions of BK - an excellent candidate for neural repair therapies.
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Padrões de expressão gênica de proteínas marcadoras neurais e dos sistemas purinérgico e cininérgico durante o desenvolvimento encefálico de camundongos Knockout para o receptor B2 de cininas / Gene expression patterns of neural marker proteins and of purinergic and kininergic systems during embryonic brain development of kinin-B2 receptor knock-out miceSouza, Hellio Danny Nobrega de 14 May 2013 (has links)
O sistema nervoso central é o mais complexo de todos os sistemas de órgãos dos vertebrados. Células progenitoras neurais ao se diferenciarem em neurônios e outros tipos celulares, desenvolvem um padrão altamente organizado de conexões, criando uma rede neuronal que forma o cérebro e o restante do sistema nervoso. Para que se possa gerar os diferentes tipos de neurônios e glias deste sistema, as células embrionárias proliferam-se e diferenciam-se através de processos altamente controlados. Este estudo visou avaliar a importância do receptor B2BkR durante o desenvolvimento encefálico do camundongo. Como modelo estudo, foram utilizados animais knockout (B2BkR-/-) para o gene do receptor B2BKR como modelo para avaliação do padrão de expressão de proteínas marcadoras neurais e dos sistemas purinérgicos e de cininas durante o desenvolvimento encefálico de camundongos B2BkR-/-. Há evidências que mostram que o sistema nervoso de mamíferos contém todos os componentes do sistema calicreína-cininas e que as cininas podem atuar como neuromediadores. Os transcritos do receptor B2BkR foram encontrados em células localizadas em regiões neurogênicas a partir do dia 9.5 do desenvolvimento, esta expressão ampliou-se para toda a extensão do sistema nervoso a partir do dia 12,5 do desenvolvimento. A deleção do gene que codificado para o receptor B2BkR levou a um aumento na expressão relativa do receptor B1BkR. No animal knockout foi também observado um aumento nos níveis de expressão dos cininogênios 1 e 2, sugerindo a ativação de mecanismos compensatórios devido a falta do gene codificado para o receptor B2BkR. De acordo com resultados obtidos com modelos de diferenciação in vitro, também os padrões de expressão de marcadores neurais foram alterados ao longo do desenvolvimento de animais knockout, nos quais houve a diminuição da expressão dos marcadores β3-tubulina e MAP2, confirmando o papel do receptor B2BkR na neurogênese. O marcador glial GFAP teve sua expressão relativa significativamente aumentada nos animais knockout B2BkR-/-, confirmando que a inibição deste receptor favorece a gliogênese. A deleção do receptor B2BkR alterou o perfil de expressão dos receptores purinérgicos do subtipo P2X. Os subtipos P2X2 e P2X3 apresentaram níveis de expressão maiores nos animais selvagens. As subunidades P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 e P2X7 apresentam uma expressão maior nos animais B2BkR-/-. Efeitos semelhantes a estes já haviam sido observados na expressão gênica durante a diferenciação d e neuroesferas do telencéfalo de ratos tratados com antagonistas do B2BkR. No entanto, este trabalho é o primeiro a demonstrar os efeitos da delação do B2BkR sob a expressão do receptor B1BkR; de marcadores neurais e gliais; dos cininogênios 1 e 2; e receptores purinérgicos do suptipo P2X in vivo. Deste modo, estes resultados servem como incentivo para estudos adicionais visando elucidar a participação do receptor B2BkR e do sistema calicrína-cininas na determinação de fenótipos neurais utilizando modelos in vivo, bem como os mecanismos envolvidos e o papel do receptor B2BkR na terapia de doenças neurodegenerativas. / The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex one of all vertebrate organs. Neural stem and progenitor cells differentiate into neurons and other neural cell types such as glia, originating a highly coordinated network characterizing the brain and the remaining nervous system in strictly controlled processes. It is known that the mammalian nervous system expresses all components of the kallikrein-kinin system, and several functions in the brain have been attributed to bradykinin including neurotransmission, neuroprotection and also lately neurogenesis. The present work aimed at studying the importance of the kinin-B2 receptor (B2BKR) during mouse brain development. A B2BKR knock-out model was used for characterizing changes in the expression patterns of neural marker protein and of the purinergic and kininergic systems. Transcripts of B2BkR-coding sequences were detected in neurogenic regions from embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) on. Expression of the receptor augmented to the whole extension of the CNS beginning from E12.5. Deletion of the B2BKR-coding gene resulted in increased B1BkR gene expression together with augmented kininogen-1 and -2 expression levels. In agreement with results obtained with in vitro models, expression patterns of neural marker proteins also suffered alterations during neural development of B2BKR(-/-) mice when compared to wild-type animals. Reduction of neuronal protein β3-tubulina e MAP2 expression was observed in B2BKR(-/-) mice, while at the same time glial GFAP expression was enhanced, indicating that activation of the B2BKR promotes neurogenesis, while its inhibition favors gliogenesis. Deletion of the B2BkR-coding gene also lets to changes in expression patterns of purinergic P2X receptors. P2X2 and P2X3 subunits were higher expressed in wild-type animals, while P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 e P2X7 subunits revealed increased expression patterns in B2BkR-/- animals. These results are in line with previous ones of our group obtained in differentiating neurospheres from embryonic rat telencephalons. In summary, the present work is the first to demonstrate the effects of B2BKR deletion on expression patterns of neural marker proteins, the B1BKR and several purinergic receptor subunits. Additional studies will be incentivized for elucidation of functions and underlying mechanism of B2BKR actions in vivo, with applications in cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Padrões de expressão gênica de proteínas marcadoras neurais e dos sistemas purinérgico e cininérgico durante o desenvolvimento encefálico de camundongos Knockout para o receptor B2 de cininas / Gene expression patterns of neural marker proteins and of purinergic and kininergic systems during embryonic brain development of kinin-B2 receptor knock-out miceHellio Danny Nobrega de Souza 14 May 2013 (has links)
O sistema nervoso central é o mais complexo de todos os sistemas de órgãos dos vertebrados. Células progenitoras neurais ao se diferenciarem em neurônios e outros tipos celulares, desenvolvem um padrão altamente organizado de conexões, criando uma rede neuronal que forma o cérebro e o restante do sistema nervoso. Para que se possa gerar os diferentes tipos de neurônios e glias deste sistema, as células embrionárias proliferam-se e diferenciam-se através de processos altamente controlados. Este estudo visou avaliar a importância do receptor B2BkR durante o desenvolvimento encefálico do camundongo. Como modelo estudo, foram utilizados animais knockout (B2BkR-/-) para o gene do receptor B2BKR como modelo para avaliação do padrão de expressão de proteínas marcadoras neurais e dos sistemas purinérgicos e de cininas durante o desenvolvimento encefálico de camundongos B2BkR-/-. Há evidências que mostram que o sistema nervoso de mamíferos contém todos os componentes do sistema calicreína-cininas e que as cininas podem atuar como neuromediadores. Os transcritos do receptor B2BkR foram encontrados em células localizadas em regiões neurogênicas a partir do dia 9.5 do desenvolvimento, esta expressão ampliou-se para toda a extensão do sistema nervoso a partir do dia 12,5 do desenvolvimento. A deleção do gene que codificado para o receptor B2BkR levou a um aumento na expressão relativa do receptor B1BkR. No animal knockout foi também observado um aumento nos níveis de expressão dos cininogênios 1 e 2, sugerindo a ativação de mecanismos compensatórios devido a falta do gene codificado para o receptor B2BkR. De acordo com resultados obtidos com modelos de diferenciação in vitro, também os padrões de expressão de marcadores neurais foram alterados ao longo do desenvolvimento de animais knockout, nos quais houve a diminuição da expressão dos marcadores β3-tubulina e MAP2, confirmando o papel do receptor B2BkR na neurogênese. O marcador glial GFAP teve sua expressão relativa significativamente aumentada nos animais knockout B2BkR-/-, confirmando que a inibição deste receptor favorece a gliogênese. A deleção do receptor B2BkR alterou o perfil de expressão dos receptores purinérgicos do subtipo P2X. Os subtipos P2X2 e P2X3 apresentaram níveis de expressão maiores nos animais selvagens. As subunidades P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 e P2X7 apresentam uma expressão maior nos animais B2BkR-/-. Efeitos semelhantes a estes já haviam sido observados na expressão gênica durante a diferenciação d e neuroesferas do telencéfalo de ratos tratados com antagonistas do B2BkR. No entanto, este trabalho é o primeiro a demonstrar os efeitos da delação do B2BkR sob a expressão do receptor B1BkR; de marcadores neurais e gliais; dos cininogênios 1 e 2; e receptores purinérgicos do suptipo P2X in vivo. Deste modo, estes resultados servem como incentivo para estudos adicionais visando elucidar a participação do receptor B2BkR e do sistema calicrína-cininas na determinação de fenótipos neurais utilizando modelos in vivo, bem como os mecanismos envolvidos e o papel do receptor B2BkR na terapia de doenças neurodegenerativas. / The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex one of all vertebrate organs. Neural stem and progenitor cells differentiate into neurons and other neural cell types such as glia, originating a highly coordinated network characterizing the brain and the remaining nervous system in strictly controlled processes. It is known that the mammalian nervous system expresses all components of the kallikrein-kinin system, and several functions in the brain have been attributed to bradykinin including neurotransmission, neuroprotection and also lately neurogenesis. The present work aimed at studying the importance of the kinin-B2 receptor (B2BKR) during mouse brain development. A B2BKR knock-out model was used for characterizing changes in the expression patterns of neural marker protein and of the purinergic and kininergic systems. Transcripts of B2BkR-coding sequences were detected in neurogenic regions from embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) on. Expression of the receptor augmented to the whole extension of the CNS beginning from E12.5. Deletion of the B2BKR-coding gene resulted in increased B1BkR gene expression together with augmented kininogen-1 and -2 expression levels. In agreement with results obtained with in vitro models, expression patterns of neural marker proteins also suffered alterations during neural development of B2BKR(-/-) mice when compared to wild-type animals. Reduction of neuronal protein β3-tubulina e MAP2 expression was observed in B2BKR(-/-) mice, while at the same time glial GFAP expression was enhanced, indicating that activation of the B2BKR promotes neurogenesis, while its inhibition favors gliogenesis. Deletion of the B2BkR-coding gene also lets to changes in expression patterns of purinergic P2X receptors. P2X2 and P2X3 subunits were higher expressed in wild-type animals, while P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 e P2X7 subunits revealed increased expression patterns in B2BkR-/- animals. These results are in line with previous ones of our group obtained in differentiating neurospheres from embryonic rat telencephalons. In summary, the present work is the first to demonstrate the effects of B2BKR deletion on expression patterns of neural marker proteins, the B1BKR and several purinergic receptor subunits. Additional studies will be incentivized for elucidation of functions and underlying mechanism of B2BKR actions in vivo, with applications in cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Rôle du système kallicréine-kinines dans le diabète et ses complications / Role of the kallikrein-kinins system in diabetes and its complicationsPotier, Louis 14 February 2014 (has links)
Le système kallicréine-kinines (SKK) est un système peptidique vasodilatateur. Les métabolites actifs du système, les kinines, sont produites par la kallicréine tissulaire (TK), et agissent via leurs deux récepteurs, B2 et B1. Le SKK a été impliqué dans les processus physiopathologiques conduisant au diabète de type 2. Son rôle est bien établi dans la protection des complications cardiovasculaires et rénales du diabète. Nous avons étudié le rôle du SKK dans le développement des anomalies métaboliques liées à l'obésité en utilisant des souris déficientes en TK dans deux modèles d'obésité (mutation ob/ob et régime gras). Nous n'avons pas mis en évidence d'effet de la déficience en TK sur les anomalies glucidiques dans ces deux modèles. Chez l'homme, nous avons étudié l'effet d'un polymorphisme génétique de la TK dans une cohorte de 4843 sujets de la population générale suivi pendant 9 ans. Nous n'avons pas observé d'effet d'un déficit partiel en activité TK sur l'apparition des troubles glucidiques.Ensuite, nous avons étudié l'effet de la stimulation du SKK par des agonistes spécifiques de chaque récepteur lors d'une ischémie reperfusion cardiaque. Chez les souris non diabétiques, l'agoniste B2 réduit la taille de l'infarctus. L'agoniste B1 n'a pas d'effet. Chez les souris diabétiques, l'agoniste B2 n'a pas d'effet. En revanche, l'agoniste B1 diminue la taille de l'infarctus. On observe une induction de la synthèse du B1R dans le c¿ur diabétique.Nos travaux clarifient le rôle du SKK dans le développement du diabète et de ses complications cardiaques. L'effet des agonistes ouvre une nouvelle piste thérapeutique dans la prise en charge des du syndrome coronarien aigu. / Kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is a vasodilator peptide system. Kinins, the active peptides, are produced by tissue kallikrein (TK), and act via their two receptors, B1 and B2. KKS was involved in the pathophysiological process leading to type 2 diabetes. Its role is well established in the protection of cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes. We studied the role of SKK in the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity using TK deficient mice in two models of obesity (Ob/Ob and high fat diet). We did not observed any effect of TK deficiency on metabolic parameters in these two models. In humans, we studied the effect of a polymorphism of TK in a population-based cohort of 4843 subjects followed for 9 years. We did not observe any effect of a partial deficiency in TK on the occurrence of metabolic disorders. Next, we studied the effect of specific agonists of B1 and B2 receptors in cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury. In non-diabetic mice, the B2 agonist reduces infarct size. Agonist B1 has no effect. In diabetic mice, B2 agonist had no effect. In contrast, B1 agonist reduces infarct size. Overexpression of B1R is observed in the diabetic heart. Our work clarifies the role of SKK in the development of diabetes and its cardiac complications. Agonists of kinins receptors could be a new therapeutic approach in the management of acute coronary syndrome.
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Strukturelle und funktionelle Analyse der Interaktion des Blutgerinnungsfaktors XI mit H-Kininogen / Structural and functional analysis of coagulation factor XI binding to H-kininogenRenné, Thomas January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Im Blutplasma und auf Zelloberflächen bildet H-Kininogen entweder mit dem Blutgerinnungsfaktor XI oder Plasmakallikrein Komplexe. Die beiden Proteasenvorstufen binden über ihre homologen schweren Ketten, die jeweils aus vier Apple Domänen bestehen (F1-F4 bei Faktor XI und P1-P4 bei Kalllikrein), an HK. Die Kalllikrein/Kininogen Interaktion wird über Domäne P2 vermittelt. Im Gegensatz dazu soll FXI über F1 an Kininogen binden. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Lokalisation der Kininogen-Bindungsstelle des Faktors XI und ein funktioneller Vergleich der Kalllikrein/Kininogen und Faktor XI/Kininogen Komplexe. Es zeigt sich, dass die relative Bindungsaffinität von HK an rekombinante Faktor XI-Einzeldomänen in der Reihenfolge F2 >> F4 > F1 >> F3 abfällt. Die Bedeutung der F2 Domäne für die Kininogen Bindung wird durch den monoklonale Antikörper αP2 unterstrichen, der die Faktor XI/Kininogen und die Kalllikrein/Kininogen Bindung mit einem apparenten IC50 von 8 nM blockiert und dessen Epitop auf die F2 Domäne kartiert wird. Eine Thrombozyten-spezifische Faktor XI-Splicevariante, der die N-terminale Hälfte der F2 Domäne fehlt, bindet 5-fach schlechter als Faktor XI an Kininogen. Nach Aktivierung wird Kallikrein und ein chimäres Faktor XI-Protein, bei dem F2 durch P2 ersetzt wurde, in P2 gespalten, was zur Verlust der Bindungsaffinität zu Kininogen führt. Im Gegensatz bleibt die Bindung von aktiviertem Faktor XI oder einem chimärem Kalllikrein-Protein, bei dem die P2 Domäne durch F2 ersetzt wurde, nach Aktivierung an Kininogen gebunden. Diese Daten zeigen, dass Faktor XI und Kallikrein über ihre Domänen 2 an Kininogen binden. Trotz homologer Bindungsmotive unterscheiden sich Faktor XI/Kininogen und Kallikrein/Kininogen Komplexe in ihrer Stabilität nach Aktivierung. Die Daten tragen dazu bei, die Regulation der Kallikrein-vermittelten Bradykininbildung bei Entzündungsprozessen und die Faktor XI-getriebene Fibrinbildung besser zu verstehen. / Factor XI (FXI), the zymogen of the blood coagulation protease FXIa, and the structurally homologous protein plasma prekallikrein circulate in plasma in non-covalent complexes with H-kininogen (HK). HK binds to the heavy chains of FXI and of prekallikrein. Each chain contains four apple domains (F1 - F4 for FXI; P1 - P4 for prekallikrein). Previous studies had indicated that the HK binding site on FXI is located in F1, while the major HK binding site on prekallikrein is on P2. To determine the contribution of each FXI apple domain to FXI/HK complex formation, we examined binding of recombinant single apple domain-tPA fusion proteins to HK. The order of affinity from highest to lowest is F2 >> F4 > F1 >> F3. Monoclonal antibodies against F2 are superior to F4 or F1 antibodies as inhibitors of HK binding to FXI. Antibody αP2, raised against prekallikrein, cross-reacts with FXI F2 and inhibits FXI/HK binding with an IC50 of 8 nM. HK binding to a platelet specific FXI variant lacking the N-terminal half of F2 is reduced > 5-fold compared to full-length FXI. A chimeric FXI molecule in which F2 is replaced by P2, is cleaved within P2 during activation by factor XIIa, resulting in greatly reduced HK binding capacity. In contrast, wild-type FXI is not cleaved within F2, and its binding capacity for HK is unaffected by factor XIIa. Our data show that HK binding to FXI involves multiple apple domains, with F2 being most important. The findings demonstrate a similarity in mechanism for FXI and prekallikrein binding to HK. Although the zymogens complex HK via homologous binding motives the stability of FXI/HK and kallikrein/HK complexes is largely diffent following activation. The data may help to understand kallikrein-driven bradykinin formation in inflammation and FXI-mediated fibrin generation in thrombosis.
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Obtenção de peptídeos vasoativos a partir do plasma de serpentes brasileiras (Bothrops jararaca e Crotalus durissus terrificus). / Obtention vasoactive peptides from the plasma of brazilian snakes (Bothrops jararaca e Crotalus durissus terrificus).Barreto, Sandra Alves 06 September 2006 (has links)
A Bradicinina, a mais importante das cininas plasmáticas, foi encontrada pela primeira vez em mamíferos. Pouco foi estudado sobre o sistema calicreína-cininas em serpentes, mas o que se sabe é que, provavelmente, são deficientes do Fator XII, um ativador da pré-calicreína em mamíferos. Com o objetivo de identificarmos novos peptídeos, submetemos plasmas das serpentes Bothrops jararaca (SBJ) e da Crotalus durissus terrificus (SCDT) tratados por duas metodologias simplificadas de determinação de bradicininogênio. O estudo com os plasmas das SBJ e da SCDT liberou uma substância com efeito semelhante à cinina de mamíferos que produziu hipotensão na serpente e no rato; esse efeito foi potencializado com o uso do captopril (0,05/0,010 mg/Kg), que inibe a cininase II, confirmando resultados diferentes das literaturas existentes sobre esse assunto. Com o resultado obtido, fracionamos este produto em aparelho de HPLC, e obtivemos seqüências peptídicas que não apresentaram homologia com a bradicinina. / The Bradykinin (BK), most important of the plasmatic kinins, was encountered for the first time in mammals. Little was studied in the kallikrein-kinin system in snakes, but it is known that, it is probably deficient of Factor XII, an activator of the daily prekallikrein in mammals. In order to identify new peptides, we submit plasma of the snakes Bothrops jararaca (SBJ) and e Crotalus durissus terrificus (SCDT) in two simplified methodologies for bradykininnogen determination, to analyze in bioassays of average arterial pressure of mammals and isolated ileum of guinea pig. The study with plasma of the SBJ and the SCDT showed that the kinin of mammals released a substance with effect similar to that producing hypotension in snakes and rats; this effect was potentiated with the use of captopril (0,05/0,010 mg/Kg), wich inhibits kininase II, confirming results different from literature?s obtained on this subject. With the obtained result, we fractioned this product in HPLC equipment and obtained peptides sequences with no homologie with the bradykinin.
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