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Prospective analyses suggest that young mothers may not be capable of perceptually discriminating between different infant cry stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the perceptual and caregiving responses of adolescent mothers to different infant cry stimuli. Twenty-five primiparous adolescents and 39 nulliparous adolescents listened to segments of three different infant cry types that varied in the amount of high-pitched, hyperphonation contained in the acoustic structure. Participants rated their responses to the low- and high-risk cries on perceptual rating scales, and selected a caregiving behavior in response to these same cries. Analyses of Variance showed that both groups of participants perceived the infant cry segments as more arousing, annoying, distressing, loud, and sick-sounding as the amount of hyperphonation increased across cries. Results also showed that adolescent mothers did not perceive high-risk cries as more arousing, annoying, urgent, loud, and sick-sounding than adolescents who were not mothers. However, primiparous participants perceived hyperphonated and partially-hyperphonated cries as less annoying and less loud than nulliparous adolescents. This study did not find significant differences between primiparous adolescents' and nulliparous adolescents' caregiving experiences. Chi-square analyses indicated no significant differences between the participant groups' caregiving response choice frequencies to all three infant cry types. / Ph. D.

<p>Antalet barn som upplever våld i familjen är stort och upplevelsen kan leda till utveckling av Posttraumatisk stresstörning (PTSD). Syftet med studien är att fördjupa kunskapen om barn som upplevt våld i familjen och som visar tecken på PTSD. Frågeställningar som studien avser att besvara är (1) vilken betydelse har våldets karaktär för utvecklingen av PTSD hos barn? (2) vilken betydelse har barnets psykosociala hälsa för utvecklingen av PTSD? (3) hur kan tillfrisknandeprocessen hos barn som visar tecken på PTSD förstås? Studien har både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ ansats samt en pre-post design. Studien inkluderar 14 barn som upplevt våld i familjen och som besvarat Children´s revised imapct of event scale (CRIES) vid Trappan-enheten i Uppsala under 2007. Resultatet visar att många barn visar tecken på PTSD till följd av våld i familjen. Våldets karaktär samt tiden som våldet pågått är avgörande faktorer för om barn visar tecken på PTSD eller inte. Resultatet visar även att god psykosocial hälsa inte motverkar utveckling av</p><p>PTSD hos barn. Vid andra mätningen är det färre barn som visar tecken på PTSD.</p> / <p>A large number of children experience domestic violence and this experience can lead to the development of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study is to create a deeper knowledge regarding children who have experienced domestic violence and are showing signs of PTSD. The research questions of this study are (1) to what</p><p>extent does the type of violence matter for the development of PTSD in children? (2) to what extent does the child’s psychosocial health matter for the development of PTSD?</p><p>(3) how can the recovery process in children who show signs of PTSD be understood? The approach of the study is both quantitative and qualitative and the design is pre-post.</p><p>The study includes 14 children who all have experienced domestic violence and who have answered Children´s revised impact of event scale (CRIES) at Trappan-enheten in</p><p>Uppsala during 2007. The result shows that many children show signs of PTSD after the experience of domestic violence. The type of violence and the duration of violence are essential factors for the development of PTSD. The results also show that good psychosocial health does not prevent the development of PTSD. At the second measuring</p><p>fewer children show signs of PTSD.</p>

Antalet barn som upplever våld i familjen är stort och upplevelsen kan leda till utveckling av Posttraumatisk stresstörning (PTSD). Syftet med studien är att fördjupa kunskapen om barn som upplevt våld i familjen och som visar tecken på PTSD. Frågeställningar som studien avser att besvara är (1) vilken betydelse har våldets karaktär för utvecklingen av PTSD hos barn? (2) vilken betydelse har barnets psykosociala hälsa för utvecklingen av PTSD? (3) hur kan tillfrisknandeprocessen hos barn som visar tecken på PTSD förstås? Studien har både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ ansats samt en pre-post design. Studien inkluderar 14 barn som upplevt våld i familjen och som besvarat Children´s revised imapct of event scale (CRIES) vid Trappan-enheten i Uppsala under 2007. Resultatet visar att många barn visar tecken på PTSD till följd av våld i familjen. Våldets karaktär samt tiden som våldet pågått är avgörande faktorer för om barn visar tecken på PTSD eller inte. Resultatet visar även att god psykosocial hälsa inte motverkar utveckling av PTSD hos barn. Vid andra mätningen är det färre barn som visar tecken på PTSD. / A large number of children experience domestic violence and this experience can lead to the development of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study is to create a deeper knowledge regarding children who have experienced domestic violence and are showing signs of PTSD. The research questions of this study are (1) to what extent does the type of violence matter for the development of PTSD in children? (2) to what extent does the child’s psychosocial health matter for the development of PTSD? (3) how can the recovery process in children who show signs of PTSD be understood? The approach of the study is both quantitative and qualitative and the design is pre-post. The study includes 14 children who all have experienced domestic violence and who have answered Children´s revised impact of event scale (CRIES) at Trappan-enheten in Uppsala during 2007. The result shows that many children show signs of PTSD after the experience of domestic violence. The type of violence and the duration of violence are essential factors for the development of PTSD. The results also show that good psychosocial health does not prevent the development of PTSD. At the second measuring fewer children show signs of PTSD.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aranha_mbr_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4087061 bytes, checksum: 8e257ba3c97eb44ad5845c869f45e42f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa faz um contorno de um gênero discursivo que ainda não tem sido explorado nos estudos linguísticos e que não se situa nem entre os pregões tradicionais e nem entre os textos publicitários: o pregão pós-moderno, denominado pelo senso comum de fala de camelô. Como a análise linguística das falas dos camelôs não se restringe ao linguístico em si, mas à interferência do contexto e da história nesse dizer que é força de trabalho, retornou-se aos antigos pregões, cujas considerações favoreceram o percurso histórico necessário à análise de um discurso determinado por traços de uma exterioridade marcada na linguagem que exigiu o contorno de outro gênero: o pregão tradicional. Foi necessário voltar a uma São Luís de outrora – a ilha - criada em sua realidade local, com vozes de pregoeiros que gritavam “a coisa em si” - hoje transmudada em produto, mercadoria, na voz de “outro pregoeiro” que faz parte de uma outra São Luís, não mais considerada propriamente a ilha, no sentido cultural do termo, mas a cidade, o que a ilha incorporou de urbano. As figuras ou ornamentos contidos nas falas dos camelôs foram analisados como marcas discursivas de uma nova retórica aos tempos da pós-modernidade que alterou a relação da coisa com o lugar, do vendedor com o produto, do vendedor com o comprador e do comprador com o produto, como consequência do projeto da modernidade. Foi fundamental, para esta pesquisa, postulados teóricos sobre Retórica e Argumentação em Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005); A teoria pragmática, mais precisamente em Paul Grice (1989), John Searle (1983) e John L. Austin (1990); conceitos da Linguística Cognitiva em Lakoff &Johnson (1980), assim como conceitos da Análise do Discurso em Pêcheux (1990) e finalmente o conceito de gênero do discurso em Bakhtin (1995/2003). A metodologia obteve seu fundamento na pesquisa qualitativa... / This research makes an outline of a discourse genre that has not been explored in linguistic studies yet and that is neither within or between the traditional cries, nor on the traditional advertisement texts: the postmodern cry, called by common sense as “the street vendor speech”. Since the linguistic analysis of speeches from street vendors is not restricted to the language itself, but to the interference of the context and History that is the work force, we returned to the old cries, which considerations favored the historical background needed to examine a speech determined by external traces marked in the language that required the outline of another genre: the traditional cry. It was necessary to return to the old São Luís - the island - created in its local reality, with voices of criers shouting the thing itself - now transmuted into a product (merchandise) in the voice of another crier that is part of another São Luís, no longer considered strictly as the island (in the cultural sense of the term), but the city, what the island embodied from the urban. The figures or ornaments contained in the statements of the street vendors were analyzed as discursive marks from a new rhetoric regarding the times of postmodernity which changed the relationship of the thing with the place, of the vendor with the product, of the vendor with the buyer and of the buyer with the product - as a result of the modernity project. Theoretical postulates on Rhetoric and Argumentation in Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), the pragmatic theory, more precisely in Paul Grice (1989), John Searle (1983) and John L. Austin (1990); concepts of Cognitive Linguistics in Lakoff & Johnson (1980), as well as the concepts of discourse analysis in Pêcheux (1990) and the concept of discourse genre in Bakhtin (1992/2003) were essential to this research. The methodology achieved... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antônio Suárez Abre / Banca: Maria do Rosário de Fátima Valencise Gregolin / Banca: Alessandra Del Ré / Banca: Ilza do Socorro Galvão Cutrim / Banca: Mônica da Silva Cruz / Resumo: Esta pesquisa faz um contorno de um gênero discursivo que ainda não tem sido explorado nos estudos linguísticos e que não se situa nem entre os pregões tradicionais e nem entre os textos publicitários: o pregão pós-moderno, denominado pelo senso comum de fala de camelô. Como a análise linguística das falas dos camelôs não se restringe ao linguístico em si, mas à interferência do contexto e da história nesse dizer que é força de trabalho, retornou-se aos antigos pregões, cujas considerações favoreceram o percurso histórico necessário à análise de um discurso determinado por traços de uma exterioridade marcada na linguagem que exigiu o contorno de outro gênero: o pregão tradicional. Foi necessário voltar a uma São Luís de outrora - a ilha - criada em sua realidade local, com vozes de pregoeiros que gritavam "a coisa em si" - hoje transmudada em produto, mercadoria, na voz de "outro pregoeiro" que faz parte de uma outra São Luís, não mais considerada propriamente a ilha, no sentido cultural do termo, mas a cidade, o que a ilha incorporou de urbano. As figuras ou ornamentos contidos nas falas dos camelôs foram analisados como marcas discursivas de uma nova retórica aos tempos da pós-modernidade que alterou a relação da coisa com o lugar, do vendedor com o produto, do vendedor com o comprador e do comprador com o produto, como consequência do projeto da modernidade. Foi fundamental, para esta pesquisa, postulados teóricos sobre Retórica e Argumentação em Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005); A teoria pragmática, mais precisamente em Paul Grice (1989), John Searle (1983) e John L. Austin (1990); conceitos da Linguística Cognitiva em Lakoff &Johnson (1980), assim como conceitos da Análise do Discurso em Pêcheux (1990) e finalmente o conceito de gênero do discurso em Bakhtin (1995/2003). A metodologia obteve seu fundamento na pesquisa qualitativa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research makes an outline of a discourse genre that has not been explored in linguistic studies yet and that is neither within or between the traditional cries, nor on the traditional advertisement texts: the postmodern cry, called by common sense as "the street vendor speech". Since the linguistic analysis of speeches from street vendors is not restricted to the language itself, but to the interference of the context and History that is the work force, we returned to the old cries, which considerations favored the historical background needed to examine a speech determined by external traces marked in the language that required the outline of another genre: the traditional cry. It was necessary to return to the old São Luís - the island - created in its local reality, with voices of criers shouting "the thing itself" - now transmuted into a product (merchandise) in the voice of "another crier" that is part of another São Luís, no longer considered strictly as the island (in the cultural sense of the term), but the city, what the island embodied from the urban. The figures or ornaments contained in the statements of the street vendors were analyzed as discursive marks from a new rhetoric regarding the times of postmodernity which changed the relationship of the thing with the place, of the vendor with the product, of the vendor with the buyer and of the buyer with the product - as a result of the modernity project. Theoretical postulates on Rhetoric and Argumentation in Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), the pragmatic theory, more precisely in Paul Grice (1989), John Searle (1983) and John L. Austin (1990); concepts of Cognitive Linguistics in Lakoff & Johnson (1980), as well as the concepts of discourse analysis in Pêcheux (1990) and the concept of discourse genre in Bakhtin (1992/2003) were essential to this research. The methodology achieved... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The growing number of global crises has increased the complexity of decisionmaking, as decisions are made under uncertainty in crises, especially whencrises involve different cultures where people’s values, beliefs, and traditionsare threatened. In crisis situations, people move from one place to another,mixing cultures in the environment where they arrive. Besides, those affectedby crises usually receive help from non-profit organizations, as well as frominternational organizations. In this regard, the research aims to explore howlocal culture affects decision-making of leaders and decision makers inmanaging crises. The research relates to how leaders and decision makersregulate their decisions during crises with respect to local cultural values andcontext. To understand this phenomenon, the authors chose a qualitativemethod and conducted a series of in-depth interviews with leaders and decisionmakers of non-profit organizations to gather empirical data on how decisionsare made in these organizations during crises in different cultural settings. Theresults of the research show that local culture has an undeniable impact on thedecision-making process in crisis situations. The research found that decisionmakers must consider the local culture in every step of crisis response andensure that their decisions are applicable within it. Participants argued that itis necessary for them to incorporate local cultural codes into their decisions inorder to achieve their objectives

Abstract not available. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Natal, Durban, 1994.

O objetivo desta análise é investigar os gritos de guerra militares, um gênero discursivo constituído nas práticas sociais do ambiente da caserna e resultado de crenças e de percepções definidoras da identidade militar. Neste trabalho, analisamos trinta gritos de guerra coletados no ano de 2009 junto a grupamentos de cadetes da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN). Com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, tendo como ponto de partida o significado ideacional de Halliday (1985), analisamos como se dá a organização do sistema linguístico em conformidade com o aspecto funcional dos gritos de guerra. Pela categoria da transitividade, buscamos compreender como se manifestam as representações de mundo na estrutura oracional. Ao evidenciarmos uma maior presença de processos materiais e relacionais na materialização linguística das experiências de mundo, pudemos caracterizar melhor a natureza de práticas sociais em contexto militar e perceber que tais processos orientam-se na construção de sentidos de maneira a instituir uma identidade institucionalizada. Pelo mapeamento dos modos de representação dos atores sociais, com base nas categorias sociossemânticas apresentadas por Van Leeuwen (1997), percebemos que os indivíduos inscrevem-se na materialidade textual, principalmente, por meio da coletivização, evidenciando assim uma forma particular de inserção dos sujeitos na vida castrense. Tal fato revela o grupo como entidade que deve se fundamentar na coesão entre seus integrantes, aspecto basilar para a consolidação da própria instituição. O modo como os militares são representados nos gritos de guerra orienta-se na formação de uma identidade grupal necessária para que, por meio desse gênero, sejam alcançados propósitos institucionalmente definidos, que podem ser sintetizados na ideia de preparação do espírito militar / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate todays military war cries, a discourse genre that originates in the social practices of the military environment and is the result of beliefs and perceptions that define the military identity. In this study, thirty war cries collected in 2009 along with groups of cadets from the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN) were analyzed. Based on the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, having Hallidays ideational meaning as a starting point (Halliday, 1985), the research aimed to show how the organization of the linguistic system occurs in accordance with the functional aspect of the war cries. By means of the category of transitivity, this study looked into how the representations of the world are manifested in the clausal structure. By showing a greater presence of material and relational processes in the materialization of the linguistic world experiences, the nature of social practices in the military context could be better characterized; also, the meaning constructed by such processes helped to establish an institutionalized identity. By mapping the modes of representation of social actors, based on the socio-semantic categories presented by Van Leeuwen (1997), this research found that the individuals are inscribed into the textual materiality mainly through collectivization, thus revealing a particular form of integration of the subjects in the military sphere. This, in turn, shows the group as an entity that relies on the cohesion created among its members, which is fundamental to the consolidation of the institution itself. The way the military are represented in the battle cries revealed na identity necessary to the group so that, through this genre, certain institutionally defined goals are achieved, which can be summarized in the idea of developing the military spirit

O objetivo desta análise é investigar os gritos de guerra militares, um gênero discursivo constituído nas práticas sociais do ambiente da caserna e resultado de crenças e de percepções definidoras da identidade militar. Neste trabalho, analisamos trinta gritos de guerra coletados no ano de 2009 junto a grupamentos de cadetes da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN). Com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, tendo como ponto de partida o significado ideacional de Halliday (1985), analisamos como se dá a organização do sistema linguístico em conformidade com o aspecto funcional dos gritos de guerra. Pela categoria da transitividade, buscamos compreender como se manifestam as representações de mundo na estrutura oracional. Ao evidenciarmos uma maior presença de processos materiais e relacionais na materialização linguística das experiências de mundo, pudemos caracterizar melhor a natureza de práticas sociais em contexto militar e perceber que tais processos orientam-se na construção de sentidos de maneira a instituir uma identidade institucionalizada. Pelo mapeamento dos modos de representação dos atores sociais, com base nas categorias sociossemânticas apresentadas por Van Leeuwen (1997), percebemos que os indivíduos inscrevem-se na materialidade textual, principalmente, por meio da coletivização, evidenciando assim uma forma particular de inserção dos sujeitos na vida castrense. Tal fato revela o grupo como entidade que deve se fundamentar na coesão entre seus integrantes, aspecto basilar para a consolidação da própria instituição. O modo como os militares são representados nos gritos de guerra orienta-se na formação de uma identidade grupal necessária para que, por meio desse gênero, sejam alcançados propósitos institucionalmente definidos, que podem ser sintetizados na ideia de preparação do espírito militar / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate todays military war cries, a discourse genre that originates in the social practices of the military environment and is the result of beliefs and perceptions that define the military identity. In this study, thirty war cries collected in 2009 along with groups of cadets from the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN) were analyzed. Based on the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, having Hallidays ideational meaning as a starting point (Halliday, 1985), the research aimed to show how the organization of the linguistic system occurs in accordance with the functional aspect of the war cries. By means of the category of transitivity, this study looked into how the representations of the world are manifested in the clausal structure. By showing a greater presence of material and relational processes in the materialization of the linguistic world experiences, the nature of social practices in the military context could be better characterized; also, the meaning constructed by such processes helped to establish an institutionalized identity. By mapping the modes of representation of social actors, based on the socio-semantic categories presented by Van Leeuwen (1997), this research found that the individuals are inscribed into the textual materiality mainly through collectivization, thus revealing a particular form of integration of the subjects in the military sphere. This, in turn, shows the group as an entity that relies on the cohesion created among its members, which is fundamental to the consolidation of the institution itself. The way the military are represented in the battle cries revealed na identity necessary to the group so that, through this genre, certain institutionally defined goals are achieved, which can be summarized in the idea of developing the military spirit