Les Autochtones sont surreprésentés dans le système judiciaire canadien. Il a été constaté que certains individus ayant survécu à la colonisation développent un stress acculturatif, dont les effets se manifestent aux niveaux physique, psychologique et social (Berry et Annis, 1974). L'augmentation des conduites dysfonctionnelles et violentes consiste une des conséquences spécifiques pouvant résulter de ce stress (Kirmayer, Corin, Corriveau, & Fletcher, 1993). Selon les auteurs ayant étudié le crime chez les Autochtones, les facteurs statiques semblent être similaires pour les criminels non Autochtones et les Autochtones, mais ils sont présents à un degré plus intense chez ces derniers. De plus, les mêmes facteurs étiologiques sont identifiés dans les deux groupes. Parmi ceux-ci, la présence de traits de personnalité antisociale paraît prédire le développement de futurs comportements criminels. À partir des données recueillies pour un projet annexe, le Childhood Adolescent Taxon Scale a été complété pour 95 hommes Inuit vivant dans différentes communautés du Nunavut. Cette échelle permet le dépistage du deuxième facteur psychopathique identifié par Harpur, Hare et Hakstian (1989), majoritairement induit par les circonstances environnementales de l’individu. En comparaison avec la population générale canadienne, il a été démontré dans cette étude que le taux de psychopathie secondaire est plus élevé dans la population autochtone. Ces résultats mettent en évidence les effets destructeurs du mode de vie de ce peuple (imposé lors de la colonisation) et nous informent sur les cibles d’interventions futures. / Aboriginal people are overrepresented in the Canadian judicial system. It has been noted that individuals having survived colonization sometimes develop acculturative stress, whose effects manifest themselves on the physical, psychological and social levels (Berry and Annis, 1974). An increase in dysfunctional and violent conduct is one of the specific consequences of acculturative stress (Kirmayer, Corin, Corriveau, & Fletcher, 1993). According to authors having studied crime in the Aboriginal population, static factors seem to be similar for non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal criminals, but are more intensely present in the latter group. Furthermore, the same etiological factors have been identified to explain crime in these two groups. Among these, the presence of antisocial personality traits seems to be the most predictive of future criminal behavior. In this study, the Childhood Adolescent Taxon Scale was completed for 95 Inuit men living in different communities in Nunavut. This scale allows for the detection of the second psychopathic taxon identified by Harpur, Hare and Hakstian (1989), which is mostly induced by environmental circumstances. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence rate of secondary psychopathy is higher in the Aboriginal population when compared to general Canadian statistics. These results highlight the destructive consequences of modern day life as it is in Aboriginal communities (as was imposed during colonization) and can help identify targets for future interventions.

While many have investigated media constructions of newsworthy crimes, the overwhelming focus of these analyses has been upon violent crime in its myriad forms. In marked contrast, this thesis examines the Canadian print media's construction of art fraud - the offence, its victims and offenders - and, in particular, its response to acclaimed artist Norval Morrisseau's reports of victimization. It finds that, just as art fraud is not thought of as normal crime news and is bracketed away elsewhere, the victims of art fraud tend not to be regarded as ideal victims. The Canadian print media rarely framed art fraud as a crime against culture; more commonly, it was depicted as a low-risk crime that pays, with its perpetrators cast as charming rogues or artful dodgers and the most notorious depicted as heroes. This curious portrayal may promote schadenfreude, have incentive effects for some and discourage others from reporting experiences of criminal victimization.

No description available.

The relationship between the organisation and its members is governed by what motivates them to work and the fulfilment they derive from it. The manager needs to know how best to elicit the co-operation of staff and direct their performance towards achieving the goals and objectives of the organisation. Managers need to understand the nature of human behaviour and how best to motivate staff so that they can work willingly and effectively. This study was conducted at the KwaZulu-Natal Police Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL-KZN). The aim of the study was to evaluate and investigate the status of employee motivation within this environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect and influence of employee recognition, communication processes and social interaction on employee motivation. The relationship between the organisational reward systems and employee motivation was also investigated as well as identifying current motivating and de-motivating factors. The quantitative method was used for this study. Information was gathered from the sample which comprised of employees from all levels of the KwaZulu-Natal Police Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL-KZN). The population for this study was 163 FSL-KZN employees, of which 79 actually completed and returned the questionnaires (n=79). The research instrument (questionnaire) comprised 3 demographic questions, 22 closed ended likert scale type questions and 3 open ended questions. The simple random sampling technique was employed in this study which was then statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programme. The key statistical findings of the study were the organisation needs to urgently improve its career ‘pathing’ strategy and a significant percentage cited an improvement was urgently needed in terms of communication and social aspects within the organisation. A fair percentage also recommended improved financial rewards and incentive programmes as the general consensus was that management fails to effectively recognise employee contribution and input to the organisation and most employees are of the view that they are not suitably rewarded for their efforts. Though the study was too small for the results to be generalized to other forensic science laboratories, the recommendations made will certainly address current and pertinent issues at the KwaZulu-Natal Police Forensic Science Laboratory. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

No description available.

This study examined the knowledge relevant to reducing crime affecting urban Aboriginal people through a risk-focused approach to prevention and a growing body of knowledge about how it gets implemented. It then examined this knowledge in a case study of its application in Winnipeg. Interviews were undertaken using a structured questionnaire with program stakeholders and policy planners involved in crime prevention initiatives, programming and policy in Winnipeg. Approximately half of the stakeholders were involved primarily with Aboriginal people and the other half were involved with programs that included both Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal people. The interviews took place from September to November 2009. The interviews show that many stakeholders agree with the risk-focused prevention literature on risk factors and that there are prevention programs operating in Winnipeg serving at-risk Aboriginal people. Therefore, there exists the possibility of reducing crime given that they are tackling risk factors in a way which is consistent with crime prevention research. However, when the interviews turned to issues of implementation, it showed: • There is no responsibility centre to mobilize different sectors to tackle crime • Many programs are not implemented comprehensively • There is a lack of localized coordinated action (including support from the police chief and public engagement) • There is a lack of political leadership • There is no city-wide strategic plan, and • Programs are in constant competition for funding in order to continue operations. If we are to reduce the disproportionate rates of victimization and offending affecting urban Aboriginal peoples, we need to find more effective ways to implement the strategies that are proven to tackle risk factors. There must be support from the mayor and police chief, training and capacity development, and public engagement which fosters strong use of proven strategies. A responsibility centre with Aboriginal representation must be created. Funding must be expanded to support the community based organizations that are tackling established risk factors. Finally, sustained and adequate funding must be provided to these programs and the responsibility centre.

[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the phenomenon of repeat burglary and its significance for crime prevention, criminology and victimology. The research program for this thesis was inspired some time ago by the Kirkholt burglary prevention project in the United Kingdom. The reduction of repeat victimisation quickly came to be seen as the key to Kirkholt?s success and by the late twentieth century victim-based crime prevention projects had been implemented in many parts of the world. However, even though these projects have achieved notable success there is still intense debate about why one-time victims are more likely than others to become future victims. This thesis aims to increase understanding of repeat burglary and other forms of repeat victimisation by contributing to its key concepts and its methods of analysis, and by applying these insights in Australian settings. In pursuing this endeavour the thesis links the problems of repeat victimisation with problems in other areas of criminology and social science. In particular the issue of whether prior victimisation is a cause of future victimisation or merely a marker of pre-existing risk has analogs in the areas of offending, of employment, in international disputes, and in many others. Despite this, there has been limited transfer of methods and concepts between repeat victim researchers and researchers in other areas. The thesis examines repeat burglary as a substantive area of research, but its approaches to method, concepts and data are relevant to all repeat victimisation research. ... It draws together criminological theory, conceptual analysis, and a pioneering application of survival analysis to pursue the mechanisms underlying repeat burglary in a Perth suburb. In doing so it illuminates issues about the relative power of state dependence and heterogeneity explanations of repeat burglary and arrives at substantive results that in some aspects differ from findings in the United Kingdom. This section also argues that the concept of state dependence commonly adopted is iv unnecessarily constraining and that a broader concept can explain some potentially conflicting findings of repeat victimisation research. Section 3 is an evaluation of a victim-focused burglary prevention initiative in Adelaide one of two nationally supported pilot projects. Section 4 examines carefully the claimed advantages of victim-focused crime prevention for distributing burglary prevention resources in an efficient and equitable way. It examines evidence concerning the differential capacity and willingness of victims to take effective preventive action and the need for both individual and collective support for effective preventive initiatives. Section 5 concludes the thesis by arguing first that the merging of victim support and crime prevention is not as simple as is sometimes claimed. It also argues that crime prevention needs to take into account more than criminological theory if it is to be effective. An important argument of the conclusion is that criminological imagination has been overly limited in comprehending repeat victimisation, and it explores the ways in which criminological research still struggles to appreciate the importance of the victim for theory and crime prevention. It also argues that the implications of repeat victimisation have yet to be fully developed and accepted. Fuller details of the thesis structure are given at the end of the introduction.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-266).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-184). Also available on the Internet.