Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / Objetivo: Investigar o desfecho clínico relacionado à violência e mortalidade em dependentes de álcool de um bairro da periferia da Zona Sul de São Paulo submetidos a tratamento ambulatorial especializado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de sete anos, com trezentos e três pacientes adultos que procuraram tratamento da dependência do álcool e foram investigados. Destes, 23 recusaram a participação no estudo e 37 não foram localizados, totalizando 243 sujeitos. Durante esse procedimento, buscamos a associação da violência com o álcool e com a criminalidade por meio do SAAD e de um questionário sobre padrão de consumo alcoólico da WHO/ISBRA, usado em estudo multicêntrico no Brasil. Levantamos os problemas associados ao consumo alcoólico por meio da DrInC-2L e de questionário estruturado para estudo de segmento que investiga variáveis relacionadas ao uso e conseqüências do consumo alcoólico. Também foram explorados os fatores de risco e proteção relacionados à mortalidade e à violência. Resultados: Foi encontrada alta taxa de mortalidade (16.9%) entre homens (19.5%; p=0.012) vivendo abaixo da linha de pobreza (20%; p=0.006). A causa morte principal apontou doenças do fígado e do pâncreas (67.5%), seguida por acidentes e crimes violentos (32.5%). SADD identificou 97.4% da amostra como sendo dependentes de álcool graves. A aderência a um grupo religioso apareceu como um importante fator de proteção relacionado a comportamentos delinqüentes. Conclusões: O alcoolismo na periferia é associado com taxas altas de crime, violência e mortalidade. Uma reforma na política pública brasileira relacionada ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas é mais que urgente e recomendada para diminuir danos aos dependentes de álcool. / Aim: To investigate the outcomes of alcohol related violence within an underprivileged violent suburban area of São Paulo-Brazil. Objective: To investigate the clinic denouement regarding the violence and mortality in alcohol addicted of a neighborhood of São Paulo suburb located in the south zone of the city submitted to the ambulatory specialized treatment. Methods: It is regarding of a retrospective study of seven years with three hundred adult patients that are looked for treatment of alcohol addicteds that were investigated. Twenty three of these addicted refused to participate of this study and thirty seven were not located, 243 persons were contacted. During this period we looked for association of violence and alcohol with crimes by SAAD and a questionnaire about the standards of alcohol consume of WHO/ISBRA, used in a multicentre study in Brazil. We mentioned the problems related to the alcohol consume by DrInC-2L and of a structured questionnaire for the segment study that investigate many variables regarding to the use and its consequences to the alcohol consume. Also it was explored the risk factors and protection related to the mortality and violence. Results: It was founded high mortality rate (16.9%) for men, (19.5%; p=0.012) living below the poverty standard (20%; p=0.006). The main cause of deaths mentioned the liver and pâncreas diseasess (67.5%), followed by violents crimes and accidents (32.5%). SADD related 97.4% of the sample as grave alcohol addicteds. To become part of a religious group seems to be a very important factor of protection related to a delinquent behavior. Conclusion: The alcoholism in the suburbs is associated to the high crimes rates. Violence and mortality. A reform in brazilian public policies related to the abusive use of alcohol is very urgent required and highly touted to decrease damage to the alcohol addicted. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

The diploma thesis is concerned with the topic of organized crime in the territory of the Czech Republic, in terms of both criminological and criminal law. Chapter One describes the problems with the terminological definition of the term "organized crime", defines the characteristics of this phenomenon and their specificity in relation to other forms of criminal activity. Chapter Two focuses on the causes and developmental changes of organized crime in the Czech Republic in order to highlight the seriousness of this phenomenon. The risks of organized crime are further elaborated in Chapter Three, which aims to familiarize readers with the most frequent organized crime groups operating within the territory of the Czech Republic. The specificity of the crime committed by the organized crime groups is pointed out by using real criminal cases. In order to complete a picture of the activities and structure of the organized criminal groups operating within our territory, this chapter is interleaved with the current statistical data obtained from the Criminal Statistics System of the Czech Republic. Chapter Four focuses on the main means and institutions in the field of the fight against organized crime, their development and the way how they affect the organized crime in our territory. To this end, this...

Notre thèse est consacrée à l'étude des Mystères de Paris (1842-1843) d'Eugène Sue et des romans qui ont cherché à profiter de son succès. Ces « mystères urbains » font du ressassement une stratégie narrative fort développée : ils tentent de se différencier en répétant. Notre thèse met en lumière les modifications et les recontextualisations de clichés et de scénarios convenus pour fictionnaliser la grande ville en fonction d'une prise de conscience aiguë des nouvelles réalités, au premier rang desquelles la découverte du prolétariat, la fascination de la modernité et la peur de la criminalité urbaine. Notre thèse offre un panorama des horizons culturels convoqués par les mystères urbains, une typologie de leur personnel romanesque criminel et l'examen de la construction du lecteur par l'œuvre – et de l'œuvre par le lecteur. Elle révèle une poétique des mystères urbains issue et ancrée dans un moment sociohistorique précis mais dotée d'une vaste portée et d'une pérennité surprenante. / Our thesis studies Eugène Sue's “Mystères de Paris” (1842-1843) and the “romans-feuilletons” that have tried to gain profit out of its success. The “urban mysteries” make use of repetition as a much-developed narrative strategy: they intend to differentiate themselves while repeating. Our thesis shines light on the manners in which clichés and agreed scenarios are used and modified to fictionalize the big city, according to an acute awareness to new realities, first of which are the discovery of the proletariat, the fascination with modernity, and the fear of urban criminality. Our thesis presents a panoramic shot of the cultural horizons convened by the urban mysteries, a typology of the criminal characters, and the scrutiny of the construction of the reader by the novel – and of the novel by the reader. This thesis reveals a poetics of the urban mysteries stemming from and anchored within a precise sociohistorical moment, yet endowed with considerable reach and surprising endurance.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T14:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 225661.pdf: 1227947 bytes, checksum: 46c1a607f20ce1006f8b5f546b01f8ae (MD5) / Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo os condicionantes sociais potencializadores do risco de reiteração da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, perpetrada pelo pai e/ou padrasto. Foram estudadas famílias acompanhadas pelo Programa Sentinela/Projeto Acorde da Prefeitura de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Para o estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo, sendo os prontuários das famílias os documentos que serviram como instrumento para a coleta de dados, que ocorreu entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2005. Das sessenta e três famílias selecionadas inicialmente, todas estiveram em lista de espera para acompanhamento entre os anos de 2002 e 2003, mas somente treze atenderam a todos os critérios elaborados para a realização da pesquisa, e constituíram a amostra investigada. O objetivo principal da investigação foi revelar quais os condicionantes sociais - institucionais e familiares -, evidenciados na dinâmica abusiva, que potencializaram o abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes. Estes, inicialmente atendidos pelos Órgãos de Proteção (SOS Criança e/ou Conselho Tutelar) - para a averiguação da denúncia de violência sexual -, foram, posteriormente, encaminhados para iniciar o acompanhamento sistemático. O resultado da investigação aponta para o tempo de espera por acompanhamento como um fator determinante de riscos para a reincidência da violência sexual. À medida que as crianças e adolescentes não eram atendidos, a convivência com o agressor se prolongava e, conseqüentemente, os abusos não eram interrompidos. Em alguns casos, essa convivência se estendeu por anos e, nesse período de espera, entre outras conseqüências, duas vítimas engravidaram, levantando fortes suspeitas sobre o agressor. Por outro lado, as instâncias públicas se mostraram improfícuas, incapazes de reverter os quadros abusivos. Nos casos estudados, as competências institucionais se diluíram e o poder de fazer cumprir as medidas de proteção, requeridas pelos profissionais responsáveis, foi repassado de uma instância para outra, inviabilizando os seus cumprimentos, o que também contribuiu para agravar a situação vivenciada pelas vítimas. A passividade da figura materna, manifestada pela negativa e pela conivência - explícita e implícita -, foi, igualmente, reveladora de perigo para as vítimas, podendo ocasionar abusos sexuais múltiplos. As crianças que não contam com a proteção materna, ou com uma rede familiar acolhedora, tornam-se vulneráveis, pois, solitárias e desprotegidas, não conseguem romper com o "pacto de silêncio", sendo forçadas a manterem o segredo em torno do circuito abusivo. A fragilidade familiar, característica de todas as famílias estudadas, foi reforçada pelas condições de moradia precária, pela exploração do trabalho infanto-juvenil, pelo desemprego e por outras formas de violência. A freqüente reconstituição conjugal foi, igualmente, outro fator que influenciou na revitimização das crianças. Diante desse quadro fica evidente a necessidade de se garantir a formação de uma equipe interdisciplinar, em número compatível à dimensão da demanda que se apresenta, e de políticas públicas interligadas e efetivas que atuem em rede para promover e assegurar o acompanhamento imediato e sistemático às vítimas de abusos sexuais e a seus familiares, garantindo a defesa e a proteção que lhes são de direito. This dissertation has as object of studying the social condition intensifiers the risk of reiteration of the sexual violence against children and adolescents, perpetrated by father and/or stepfather. The study accompanied families assisted by Programa Sentinela/Projeto Acorde (programs provide by the municipality in order to protect children victims of violence) in Florianópolis - Santa Catarina. The research made has a qualitative and exploratory character, the families' dossiers are the documents that had served as the instrument for the collection of data, which occurred between September and October of 2005. Initially, sixty-three families were selected, all of them had been in the list waiting for assistance between the years of 2002 and 2003, but only thirteen families had fulfill the necessary criteria for the accomplishment of the research, and they constituted the investigated sample. The main purpose was to disclose the social factors - institutional and familiar -, evidenced in the abusive dynamics that increase the risk of sexual abuse against children and adolescents. Initially all these families were attended by Agencies of Protection (SOS Criança and/or Conselho Tutelar) - for investigation of denounce of sexual violence -, they had been, later, directed to initiate the systematic help. The inquiry's result points out that the long time waiting for accompaniment as a decisive factor of risk for recurrence of sexual violence. The abuses were not interrupted as the children and adolescents did not receive attention by the authorities and they continued living in the same house with the aggressor. In some cases, the victim had been lived together with the aggressor for years and, during the period, they had been waiting for assistance, and among other consequences, two victims became pregnant, and this fact raised strong suspicion against the former aggressor. On the other hand, the public instances have been shown themselves incapable to revert the abusive situation. In the studied cases, the institutional competences had been diluted the authority to make the protection measurements respected, required for the responsible professionals, was passed for one instance to another, it made impracticable to carry out the responsibility to help the victims and also contributed to aggravate the situation lived for them. The passivity of the mother's figure, revealed for her denial and connivance - explicit and implicit -, shows itself dangerous for the victims, because mother's position exposes children to the repetition of sexual abuses. The children who do not count on the mother's protection and a cozy and friendly family circle become more vulnerable, therefore, lonely and unprotected they cannot burst the "pact of silence", being forced to keep the secret in an abusive circle. The main characteristic in all studied families is the fragility; reinforced by the precarious housing, the exploitation of child-adolescent work, the parents' unemployment and other forms of violence. Another factor that influenced the children to become a victim time after time is the frequent marital reconstitution. The situation pictured displays the urgency in create a interdisciplinary staff, compatible with the number and the dimension of the demand that is presented, and linked with effective public politics to promote and to assure the immediate and systematic accompaniment to the victims of sexual abuses and their families, assuring them the defense and the protection that they have for sure.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T06:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 248435.pdf: 539295 bytes, checksum: a2217439fa72de43ac7abe1cb05643e0 (MD5) / O trabalho analisa os meios operacionais para prevenção e repressão do crime organizado transnacional, no Brasil, apontando caminhos que possam guiar a sua utilização como instrumentos de controle do crime organizado, sem menosprezar os direitos e garantias fundamentais dos acusados. Parte do reconhecimento de que os mecanismos de intervenção tradicionalmente utilizados pelo Estado não respondem satisfatoriamente à escalada desse fenômeno criminológico, que se expandiu para além das fronteiras nacionais na esteira da globalização, assumindo caráter sofisticado. A constatação dessa realidade tem motivado o surgimento de um arcabouço legislativo instituidor de novos mecanismos para produção de provas que bem poderiam ser catalogados no plano da normatividade de emergência e de exceção. A densa carga restritiva de direitos fundamentais contida nessas normas sugere um reavivamento dos contornos do Estado de Direito, a fim de que as razões de Estado não prevaleçam sobre a razão jurídica. Nesse caminho, utiliza-se da teoria geral do garantismo jurídico, concebido por Luigi Ferrajoli, que pelo seu grande potencial explicativo e propositivo forja um rico instrumental prático-teórico capaz de tutelar os direitos contra a irracionalidade do poder nas esferas pública ou privada, deslegitimando todo e qualquer modelo de controle social que privilegie a defesa social em detrimento dos direitos e garantias fundamentais. The research analyzes the operational methods to prevent and repress transnational organized crime in Brazil, finding ways to guide its use as an instrument to control organized crime without hindering the fundamental rights and guarantees of the accused. This stems from the recognition that the mechanisms of intervention which are traditionally used by the State do not respond in a satisfactory manner to the increase of this criminological phenomenon. This phenomenon has taken on a sophisticated nature and has gone beyond the border line of national frontiers. This reality has motivated the rise of legislative limitations which institute new mechanisms to produce evidences that could very well be considered exceptions or of an urgent nature. The restrictions of the fundamental rights that are contained in theses laws suggest a return to the legal rights of the nation as a reference point # juridical guarantee -, in such a way that the rights of the citizens will be protected above the demands of the State. In the same way, Luigi Ferrajoli#s theory of the protection of fundamental of the citizen would be applied. His theory is a useful instrument for its practicality and clarity, being capable of guaranteeing basic rights against public and/or private irrationality. This eliminates any and all possibility of social control that could give preference to the State over the citizens# fundamental rights and guarantees.

This study aims at analyzing the content of high school textbooks in social sciences, more specifically the field of law and order, and comparing this with the current research situation in the field. Another purpose is to investigate whether the new type of serious gang crime, which in particular has grown in various immigrant suburbs, adjacent to our largest cities, as reported in the media in recent years, has also looked into the textbooks. The essay uses a constructivist theory formation. The constructivist theory considers that different actors, based on their ideological positions, create different descriptions of current social phenomena, descriptions aimed at influencing the recipient to incorporate specific perceptions of reality and values. In this context, the teaching materials become a political product that is not so much about describing a social phenomenon as complex and objective as possible a complex, but, above all, it will be understood as the attempt of the various parties to convey their specific interpretations and interests of the phenomenon. The survey shows that all analyzing textbooks directly or indirectly highlight the men and adolescents group, and to some extent also people in an exposed psychosocial position that overrepresented in a criminal context. In cases where textbooks address statements about people committing crimes, socio-economic and psychosocial vulnerabilities are mentioned, as well as explanations of the social plane in terms of control and casualty structures. In this regard, textbooks fail to report a broad and current research on the mechanisms of crime. None of the textbooks deal with the new crime that has emerged in different socially vulnerable areas to our metropolitan areas, believing that this has gained a lot of space in the media and that the syllabuses in social sciences emphasize that the subject will highlight current social phenomena. All books consistently choose to not treat people it with a foreign background's overrepresentation in a criminal context. Nor should it be noted that some people have a biological vulnerability in committing crimes, for example, that individuals with ADHD diagnosis are heavily overrepresented in crime statistics. / <p>Godkännane datum: 2018-05-31</p>

[pt] Essa tese compreende três ensaios sobre economia do crime e sistema judiciário. O primeiro ensaio investiga os determinantes da performance do judiciário. Verifica-se que as localidades mais desenvolvidas no Brasil, aquelas com maior nível de renda, educação e urbanização, concentram os juízes e as varas com melhor performance, gerando importantes disparidades no país. O segundo artigo avalia o impacto da capacidade legal, medida pela performance do judiciário, em crimes violentos no Brasil. Nele, é explorado o método de Regressão Descontínua e mostrado que mudanças na classificação da comarca, segundo o número de votantes desta, geram um aumento na performance do judiciário associado a uma redução das taxas de homicídios. O terceiro artigo testa o efeito de leis de proteção à mulher sobre a incidência de violência doméstica. Utiliza-se um modelo de diferenças em diferenças para comparar as taxas de homicídios de homens e de mulheres antes e depois da aprovação no Brasil, em 2006, da Lei Maria da Penha. Verificase que a lei reduziu significativamente a taxa de homicídios de mulheres ocorridos nos domicílios e que os efeitos foram concentrados nos municípios pequenos. / [en] This thesis consists of three essays on the economics of crime and the judicial system. The first essay investigates the determinants of judicial performance. We show that more developed localities in Brazil, measured by higher income, educational level and urbanization concentrate the more productive courts and judges creating large disparities across the country. The second essay evaluates the impact of legal capacity measured as judicial performance on violent crimes in Brazil. We use a Regression Discontinuity Design and show that changes in the judicial district classification that depends on number of voters increases judicial performance and this change is associated with a decrease in homicide rates. The third essay assess the impact of women s protection laws - The Maria da Penha law introduced in Brazil in 2006 - on domestic violence. We use a differences-in-differences strategy and compare homicides rates of males and females before and after the passage of the law. We find that the law significantly reduced the female household homicide rates and these effects were concentrated in small municipalities.

Drawing on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in a poor and notorious neighbourhood, this dissertation examines how evolving dynamics of urban violence have affected life in a Guatemala City gang territory. The maras of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras - the gangs that help give these countries some of the world's highest homicide rates - have changed dramatically in their group cultures and criminal economies since they appeared in the 1990s. I trace what I call the mara's predatory turn: the elaboration of an extortion economy, which has had far-reaching consequences for the relationship between gang cliques and their barrios. This transformation has re-shaped the experience of chronic insecurity in the communities that maras operate from: inhabitants report that it is now less manageable, less predictable, and more frightening. They speak of a heightening of danger in their lives brought about by the decline of certain local norms and mechanisms that had previously moderated gang violence and bolstered community resilience. Local narratives of insecurity and decline illuminate when, how, and why violence disrupts and disorders social life. What many informants emphasized was not a cataclysmic appearance of violence in their lives, but rather a catastrophic breakdown in the mechanisms that had controlled it. In this distressing context, residents struggle to minimize their insecurity and to reclaim or create forms of order. I examine two principal ways that they seek to do so: by working to maintain a moral order based on narratives about the neighbourhood and its values or 'codes', and by looking to external providers of order in the state and its security forces. Exploring the complex relationships and interactions between inhabitants, gang members, and state forces in this barrio, I contribute to academic debates about local and state responses to insecurity in Latin America and propose modifications to prevailing models of state and criminal 'governance' in marginal urban communities.

Orientador: Ana Cláudia Bortolozzi Maia / Banca: Constantina Xavier Filha / Banca: Paula Regina Costa Ribeiro / Resumo: A vitimização sexual pode ser entendida como uma relação de poder entre um adulto e uma criança, na medida em que o primeiro coage a vítima para que esta satisfaça os seus interesses, expectativas e desejos sexuais. O/a professo/a é figura fundamental no rompimento do silêncio a respeito da violência sexual infantil, visto que é alguém em quem a criança confia e tem acesso facilmente. Contudo, apesar de ser necessário dialogar sobre sexualidade, identificar e denunciar situações de violência sexual infantil, muitos/as professores/as tem receio de realizar um projeto sobre essa temática, seja por despreparo pessoal e profissional, seja por temor em sofrer represálias da família e/ou da escola. Tendo isso em vista, este é um estudo qualitativo descritivo que tem como objetivo investigar as compreensões sobre o conceito e a prevenção da violência sexual infantil nos relatos de dezesseis professoras da Educação Infantil. Assim, primeriamente, o projeto de pesquisa foi enviado e aprovado por um Comitê de Ética para, então, fazer o contato com as professoras participantes. Em dias previamente agendados, estas reponderam à entrevista, assinando o termo de consentimento informado, tendo a interação sido gravada em áudio e transcrita na íntegra, para a análise de dados. Esta pautou-se na análise de conteúdo, onde o conteúdo temático foi agrupado em categorias e subcategorias. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a maior parte das professoras compreende a violência sexual enquanto um fenômeno que vai além do ato sexual. Essa violência foi explicada como conseqüência de uma família desajustada, distúrbios psicológicos do/a agressor/a, fatores socioeconômicos, bem como associada à religião. Para maior parte delas, o/a agressor/a é alguém com transtorno psicológico, que não... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The sexual victimization can be understood as power relationship between an adult and a child, in which the first coerces the victim so that it meets their interests, expectations and desires. The teacher is a key figure on breaking the silence about child sexual abuse, for being someone the child trusts and can easily. However, despite being required to talk about sexuality, identify and report cases of sexual violence in their students, many teachers are afraid to do a project on this topic, because they fell personal and professional unprepared, either by fear or reprisals from family or school. Keeping this in view, this is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to investigate understandings about the concept and the prevention of child sexual abuse reports in sexteen teachers from kindergaten. So, first, the research project was submitted and approved by an Ethics Committee to then make contact with the participanting teachers. On days previoulsy scheduled they responded to the interview by signing the consent form, and the interaction was audio-recorded and full transcribed for analysis. This way based on content analysis, where the thematic content was grouped into categories and subcategories. The results indicate that most of the teachers understand sexual violence as a phenomenon that goes beyond the sexual act. This violence was explained as a consequence of a dysfunctional family, the perpetrator psychological disorders, socieconomic factors, and associated with religion. For most of them, the abuser, the abuser is someone with psychological disorder, who can not control their sexual urges. They believe that demonstrated the victimized child manifests symptoms in the classroom, as well as sexual violence can have negative consequences for the child. Some participants reported guide their students about... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The study explores and compares the incidents of vigilantism in two selected communities in Port Elizabeth. However, the word ‘vigilantism’ as utilized in the study can be explained as the group of people in a community who take the law into their own hands and punish alleged societal offenders on the spot. Vigilante activities have become a regular occurrence in many communities in Port Elizabeth and in South Africa as whole. This phenomenon as reported by several authors has destroyed many young men’s lives and ambitions. This is a paradoxical situation that violates human rights because South Africa is a country with a Constitution that prioritizes human dignity for all, and citizens that are totally free from violence of any kind. The aim of the study is to explore, analyze and compare the incidents of vigilantism in New Brighton and Kwazakhele communities in Port Elizabeth. The intention is to educate and enlighten the members of the selected communities, together with the public about vigilantism and its impact on communities.