This paper investigates the determinants of sovereign debt crises by using cross-country data from 1977 to 2010. In particular, I focus on the structure of sovereign debt by analysing the debt composition (domestic versus external), maturity structure (short-term versus long-term), composition type (bank loans versus bond) and currency denomination (domestic currency versus foreign currency) of debts. I also assess whether the previous history of banking and currency crises affect the likelihood of a sovereign debt crisis. The results suggest that both the structures of debt and the past history of other financial crises are important determinants of debt crises. The results are robust when using alternative measures to understand the risks of sovereign debt. I also investigate the impacts of debt structure and past financial crises history on the levels and changes of foreign and local currency long-term debt credit ratings.

This study determined the reliability and validity of the Triage Assessment Scale for Students in Learning Environments (TASSLE) used in a Middle School setting. Participants included faculty/staff from a local middle school, masters students enrolled in a counseling program at a local private university in Pennsylvania, and experts with experience in crisis and the use of the TASSLE form. Following the viewing of three scenarios (mild, moderate, and severe), participants rated their perception of the level of reaction to the crisis using the TASSLE form. A quantitative correlational, within and between-subjects design was used to determine the reliability and validity of the TASSLE form. Content validity was demonstrated by the agreement of the ratings of the mild, moderate, and severe levels on the TASSLE form. / School of Education / Counselor Education and Supervision (ExCES) / PhD / Dissertation

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Syracuse University, 2004. / Adviser: Elizabeth L. Toth. Includes bibliographical references.

Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial / The purpose of this research is to show the opportunities that Business Simulations produce when combining them with Crisis Management in a non-controlled environment. Although, there are some other studies about each topic, but this non studied synergy created shows a much more important and efficient effect when talking about managing a crisis. We used a systematic data collection of relevant articles that talked about each stage of a crisis management, making a vast literature background for each one. A combination and collision of conclusions and studies of each topic, ended up in the main topic of this article, where the authors got to capture the importance and efficiency of the combination strategy between Crisis Management and Crisis Simulation. We found that crisis management literature divides a crisis in three stages: Prevention, Handling and Recovering. These stages allude to the timing of the action to control the crisis, where a pre-crisis action stands for Prevention, in-crisis actions go for Handling and after-crisis actions relate to Recovery. In each stage, a crisis simulation would help firms by improving their reaction time and capacity, their adaptability and reduce costs of a bad decision. Our results are important because other articles talk about these topics separately and the synergy and efficiency that comes with the use of both topics in parallel is not noticed, so the importance of this research would be to note and explain this synergy and efficiency, and make emphasis in how simple can this be implemented.

No description available.

Cuando la crisis realmente comenzó a mostrar sus efectos en el periodo 2008-2009, Noruega no se vio tan afectada como muchos otros países occidentales. En esta tesis, trataremos de descubrir el porqué. Por ello, analizaremos los motivos de la crisis, los efectos que tuvo en Noruega, qué mide el uso del gobierno, y veremos cuán efectivas fueron estas acciones. También, estudiaremos los diferentes países dentro de Europa y examinaremos cómo actuó Noruega en comparación con los otros países. La crisis financiera comenzó en EE. UU. y continuó en Europa y, además, en el resto del mundo, donde algunos países se vieron más afectados que otros. En Europa, los países del sur se vieron mucho más afectados que los del norte, con excepción de Islandia e Irlanda. Este último fue el primer país de ese continente en pedir ayuda a la Unión Europea. Por otro lado, Islandia tuvo grandes problemas porque la gente había pedido dinero prestado en moneda extranjera, y cuando entró la crisis financiera, los préstamos se volvieron mucho más caros y muchos ciudadanos no los pudieron pagar. Noruega salió de la crisis relativamente fácil de la crisis tomando como referente a otros países europeos, ya que no se presentó un desempleo alto, en comparación con otros países europeos que tenían un número de desempleo de dos dígitos, y algunos todavía lo tienen. Por el momento, Grecia y España todavía están luchando con los efectos de la crisis. Noruega ha tenido suerte, ya que la mayoría de los aspectos de la crisis y sus efectos parecen ser más ligeros que en otros países, y esto es lo que vamos a analizar esta investigación. Además, examinaremos los efectos que la crisis tuvo en Noruega y cómo pudo escapar tan fácilmente en comparación con otros países europeos, especialmente, Grecia y España.

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This study is an examination of the predictor variables, as measured by a Demographics Questionnaire (DQ) and the Professional School Counselor Perception of Preparedness/Frequency of Specific Crisis Situations Survey (PSCPPFSCSS). The researcher determined the combination of predictor variables that accounted for the greatest amount of variance in professional school counselors’ overall perceptions of preparedness in stabilizing a student in specific crisis situations. Members of the American School Counseling Association were contacted through e-mail and encouraged to access a Web site to complete the DQ and PSCPPFSCSS. A total of 210 participants responded (response rate 23.5%). A stepwise regression analysis was used. The outcome variable was the counselors’ ratings of their preparedness for crisis counseling in specific crisis situations. The researcher entered 9 predictor variables and discovered that seven predictors met the criterion for entry set at F = .05. The 7 predictors were: (a) student/counselor ratio, (b) level of education, (c) years of school counseling experience, (d) pre-service hours spent in crisis intervention, (e) in-service hours spent in crisis intervention, (f) graduate coursework hours in crisis counseling, and (g) total number of times crisis situations were encountered. Counselor/student ratio and pre-service hours of preparation were not significantly related to perception of preparedness in dealing with specific crisis situations. The findings indicated that more experience resulted in greater perceptions of preparedness. Counselors with first-hand experience with crisis situations, more years of counseling experience, graduate course work, in-service hours of preparation, hours spent in formal or in-service, and higher degrees expressed higher levels of preparedness. The full model on the seventh step of the regression indicated that a sizable portion of the variance (approximately 41%) in counselors’ reported perceptions of preparedness is significantly explained by the predictors (p < .001). Recommendations included: (a) replication of the study with a greater sample size, (b) integration of crisis intervention skills in counselor preparation coursework, (c) extended internships with crisis response for graduate students in counselor education programs, and (d) supervision provided by counselors who have greater experience in crisis response.

Crisis thought is an idea that gives a name to and accounts for some of the problematics of the sign crisis in political, social, cultural, and economic discourse. Specifically, crisis thought is a discursive formation, a concept used loosely here to refer to an assemblage of signs such as anxiety or fear that evoke or invoke similar, but inaccurate connotations as crisis in political and everyday usage. The general question this study grapples with is why political, social, cultural, and economic crises are often recognized and, yet, are seemingly unrecognized, unaddressed, or accepted as a basic part of political and ordinary life. This study focuses on the mobilization of crisis thought by the 24/7 news media and throughout politics in the United States. Working outside of economic and Marxist traditions of crisis studies, this study focuses on the effects of crisis thought by way of a critical, interpretive, and interdisciplinary approach. There are two goals of this project. The first is to offer some of the linkages between crisis thought, security, and liberalism. The second goal is to examine through various examples and vignettes how, where, and why crisis thought manifests itself in US politics and in ordinary life. Some topics addressed in this study include: news media, infrastructure, police militarization, mass shootings, US electoral politics, and the alleged US politics of crisis. In the final analysis, this study suggests that 24/7 news media and political mobilizations of crisis thought paradoxically help secure the ontological security of subjectivities as linked to securing security and the logos of liberalism. This study illuminates a peculiar aspect about liberal capitalist democracies: the (re)production of a myriad of crises and, thus, crisis thought, in order to perpetuate itself. / Ph. D.

The USA's financial and economic crisis spilled over and resulted into a "global" financial crisis (GFC) that impacted several developed and developing countries. Regarding the latter, trade affairs have been identified as being a major growth component for the economies of developing countries. In particular, numerous studies have highlighted the importance and benefits of international trade on a country's path to promote economic growth rates. In lieu of the above, the main aim of this study is to assess the impact of this crisis on the South African steel trade industry, with special emphasis on the periods 'before', 'during' and 'after' the GFC. Through efficient targeting of a specific sector and its industry within the South African economy, government entities would be able to determine the extent that they could gain effective targeting and allocation of resources. Past research papers, relevant theoretical frameworks and data have been taken into consideration to form the basis of our analyses. In essence, we analysed the South African economy as a whole and tried to identify its relationship with the trade industry during this study period. Therefore, a composition of South Africa's economic activities and an economic profile was also determined and discussed. In addition. we implemented Porter's competitive strategy and diamond theory, to identify whether the South African steel trade industry has a competitive advantage. From the analyses we concluded that the steel trade industry of South Africa was adversely impacted in 2009. the 'during' period of the GFC and showed the 'after' period as the recovering period for the industry. Evidently, there is a positive correlation between the steel trade industry of South Africa and the country's economy ' before', during' and after' periods of the GFC. This positive correlation can be contributed to the trade sector's influence on the economy's overall state, as imports and exports have been identified as a key aspect to economic growth, and vice versa. Identified recommendations include the need for more research on the South African steel trade industry's competitors, in order to realize possible opportunities for the industry itself and realize increased growth patterns, as well as extensive promotion that could lead to amplifying trade flows benefiting the South African economy. / Thesis (M.Com. (Economics) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012