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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Aprimoramento de método para inferência de espectro de ondas a partir de movimentos de sistemas oceânicos. / Enhancement of method for wave spectrum inference from ocean systems motions.

Iuri Baldaconi da Silva Bispo 09 November 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho envolve dois diferentes aspectos da estimação de espectros direcionais de onda a partir de movimentos de 1a ordem da embarcação. Sendo a estimação do espectro de ondas feita por meio de um método Bayesiano, existe a necessidade da calibração dos hiperparâmetros derivados da modelagem Bayesiana. O primeiro assunto abordado é a determinação de uma metodologia de calibração dos hiperparâmetros necessários à estimação do espectro direcional de ondas. Desenvolve-se ao longo deste uma primeira análise de um método aplicável a qualquer embarcação do tipo FPSO para a determinação a priori de valores de dois hiperparâmetros de controle da suavização da estimativa. Obtém-se resultados indicativos de que é possível definir valores destes hiperparâmetros dependentes de quantidades observáveis como calado da embarcação e período das ondas, de modo que os erros de estimação ainda se mantém muito próximos aos encontrados por valores ótimos dos hiperparâmetros. Isto leva à conclusão de que na abordagem atual, com valores fixos a cada calado, erros excessivos e desnecessários podem ocorrer no processo de estimação. O segundo tema trata da estimação paramétrica de espectros, utilizando modelos paramétricos de descrição de espectros como forma de obtenção de estatísticas de mar. Abordam-se também os assuntos de mares cruzados, donde se faz necessária a identificação da bimodalidade dos espectros para a estimação correta das estatísticas de mar. / In this work, two differents aspects of directional wave spectra estimation from 1st order ship motions are presented. As the estimation of wave spectrum is made by means of a Bayesian method, it is necessary to calibrate the hyperparameters derived from Bayesian modeling. The first addressed subject is the determination of a calibration methodology of the hyperparameters needed for the directional wave spectrum estimation. It is developed through this work a first analysis of an applicable method to any vessel of FPSO type for the prior determination of values for this two hyperparameters depending on observable quantities, such as draft of the vessel and wave period, in such a way that the estimation errors are still very close to those found by optimum values of the hyperparameters. This leads to the conclusion that in the current approach excessive and unnecessary errors can occur on the estimation process. The second subject addresses the parametric estimation of spectra, using parametric models of spectrum description to acquire the sea statistics. For this purpose, it became necessary the study of crossed-sea states, which was employed in the bimodal spectrum identification for the correct estimation of sea statistics.
192

Criterios de solubilidade do problema de Dirichlet / Criteria for the solvebility of the Dirichlet problem

Presoto, Adilson Eduardo, 1983- 18 March 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Djairo Guedes de Figueiredo, Francisco Odair de Paiva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T16:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Presoto_AdilsonEduardo_M.pdf: 798633 bytes, checksum: be0d791852ff6c964303c43174b753c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Abordaremos diferentes métodos da Teoria do Potencial desenvolvidos no fim do século XIX e no começo do século XX para solucionar o Problema de Dirichlet. Iniciamos o primeiro capítulo com o Método da Varredura de Poincaré que transcendeu os anteriores e focalizou o problema sob uma nova óptica. Neste método, uma função harmônica, num domínio geral, era obtida, uma vez que condição de contorno fosse dada. Então condições na fronteira eram analizadas afim de que a função harmônica fosse, de fato, a solução do Problema de Dirichlet. Até então, as principais resoluções se baseavam no Princípio de Dirichlet que admitia soluções minimizantes para integrais de energia, se fundamentando em argumentos físicos. Contudo, tais argumentos continham alguns deslizes matemáticos como a admissão do mínimo para essas integrais. Posteriormente, surgiram os métodos de Perron e de Wiener dentro do espírito o Método do Poincaré. Ainda no primeiro capítulo, apresentamos um antecessor do método de Poincaré: o "Método de Schwarz. O segundo capítulo é dedicado ao Método das Equações Intregrais de Fredholm, no qual a Análise FUncional e as Equações Diferenciais Parciais caminharam lado a lado. Por fim, no último capítulo temos um resultado devido a Wiener que caracteriza os pontos regulares em termos de convergência de uma série envolvendo a capacidade de alguns conjuntos / Abstract: We will present different methods of Potential Theory developed at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century to solve the Dirichlet Problem. We start in the first chapter, with the Poincaré's Sweepping out Method, which transcended the former ones and focused the problem in a new insight. In this method, a harmonic function in a general domain is obtained, once a boundary condition is given. Then, conditions in the boundary are discussed so that this harmonic function is indeed the solution of the Dirichlet Problem. Until then, the key results were based on Dirichlet PrincipIe which admitted minimizing solutions to energy integraIs, by using some physical arguments. However, such arguments contained a few Mathematical gaps like the admission of a minimun to these integrals. Later, it appeared the Perron and Wiener Methods in the spirit of the Poincaré Method. Even in the first chapter, we discuss a predecessor of Poincaré's Method: the Schwarz's Method. The second chapter is devoted to the Integral Equations Method, where the Functional Analysis and Differential Equations walked side by side. Finally, the last chapter is a result due to Wiener that characterizes the regular points in terms of covergence of a series involving the capacity of some sets / Mestrado / Matematica - Analise- Equações Diferenciais e Parciais / Mestre em Matemática
193

Analise de estruturas sanduiche : parametros de projeto / Sandwich structures analysis : design parameters

Gagliardo, Debora Pierini 21 August 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Nilson Tadeu Mascia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T20:02:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gagliardo_DeboraPierini_M.pdf: 2748592 bytes, checksum: 3f4f2274fa55f9b27f8663ca912c32fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: As estruturas sanduíche têm despertado grande interesse e já estão bastante difundidas em diversos segmentos industriais, sendo suas principais utilizações nas indústrias aeroespacial, militar, naval e civil. Este fato se deve à sua propriedade de combinar alta rigidez à flexão e baixo peso, resultando em uma estrutura muito eficiente. Neste sentido, a análise e cálculo das estruturas sanduíche são de extrema importância no desenvolvimento de projetos de aplicação do mesmo. Neste trabalho, foram analisados os critérios de falha dos painéis, bem como os materiais e suas propriedades mecânicas, considerando as alterações e considerações que devem ser feitas nos projetos de acordo com as características do material. Na parte final dessa pesquisa, são apresentadas a teoria de cálculo e a rotina para elaboração de projetos relacionados com a construção civil utilizando as estruturas sanduíche, com ênfase em estruturas planas, tais como vigas e placas. Por fim emprega-se uma ferramenta, planilha eletrônica, para analisar e avaliar a aplicação de diversos materiais de construção em estruturas sanduíche. / Abstract: The sandwich structures have aroused great interest and have already been very widespread in several branches in industries, such as in the aerospace, military, naval and civil construction industries. This is due to their property to combine both high bending rigidity and the low weight, resulting in a very efficient structure. Thus, the analysis and also the calculation of sandwich structures are very important in developing the application projects. In this work, it was reviewed the failure criteria of the panels, as well as the materials and their mechanical properties, considering the changes and considerations that have to be performed in the project in accordance with the characteristics of the material. At the final part of this research, the theory of calculation and also the routine for development projects related with the civil construction using the sandwich structures are presented, with emphasis on flat structures, such as beams and plates. Finally employs is a tool, spreadsheet, to analyse and evaluate the implementation of various building materials in sandwich structures. / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil
194

Discriminabilidade de estímulos visuais em tarefas de tempo de reação e de acurácia. / Discriminability of visual stimuli in reaction time and accuracy tasks.

Camila Bruder 29 November 2007 (has links)
Em experimentos anteriores utilizando tarefa de tempo de reação (TR) vai/não-vai com diferentes estímulos-alvo aparecendo após um estímulo precedente, observamos efeito positivo do estímulo precedente quando o estímulo-alvo era uma linha dentro de um anel, mas não quando era uma cruz dentro de um anel. Este resultado foi atribuído a uma diferença nas discriminabilidades dos dois estímulos em relação ao estímulo negativo, um anel pequeno dentro do anel. A discriminação da cruz seria mais fácil, o que levaria os indivíduos a ignorar o estímulo precedente, resultando em ausência do efeito positivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as discriminabilidades da linha e da cruz em relação ao estímulo negativo, o anel, para dar suporte à hipótese considerada, e a partir deste resultado discutir os processos responsáveis pela manifestação ou não de eventuais diferenças de discriminabilidade no comportamento. Nos experimentos 1, 2 e 3 utilizamos tarefas de tempo de reação vai/não-vai sem estímulo precedente, e nos experimentos 4 e 5 utilizamos tarefas com ênfase na acurácia das respostas. No primeiro experimento linha e cruz foram apresentadas em blocos de tentativas diferentes. Nestas condições, os TR à linha e à cruz se igualaram na segunda sessão, mas na primeira sessão o grupo que respondeu primeiro à linha e depois à cruz teve TR menores para a cruz. No segundo experimento, linha e cruz foram apresentadas aleatoriamente nos mesmos blocos de tentativas, para induzir a adoção de estratégia de resposta comum aos dois estímulos. Desta forma evidenciamos uma diferença nos TR, sendo que estes foram menores para a cruz, indicando que esta é mais discriminável que a linha. No terceiro experimento grupos diferentes de voluntários responderam à linha e à cruz. Os TR assim obtidos, iguais para linha e para cruz, indicam que as igualdades nos TR aos dois estímulos-alvo encontradas no primeiro experimento independem da exposição prévia a outro estímulo-alvo. O conjunto destes resultados sugere que linha e cruz têm discriminabilidades diferentes, sendo a cruz mais discriminável que a linha. Esta diferença, no entanto, é evidenciada apenas quando uma mesma estratégia de resposta é adotada para lidar com os dois estímulos. No quarto experimento construímos curvas psicométricas e observamos valores iguais de sensibilidade para a linha e para a cruz. No quinto experimento utilizamos uma tarefa de escolha. Uma análise por meio da Teoria de Detecção de Sinais forneceu medidas do parâmetro sensorial d´ maiores para a linha que para a cruz, indicando que a linha é mais discriminável que a cruz, além de medidas do parâmetro decisional critério iguais para os dois estímulos. Este padrão de resultados, contrário aos obtidos nos experimentos 1 a 3, foi atribuído às diferentes condições de estimulação com cada metodologia: em condições de estimulação supra-limiar como as utilizadas nas tarefas de TR a cruz é mais discriminável (em relação ao anel) que a linha, mas em condições de estimulação próximas do limiar a linha passa a ser mais discriminável. / In a former study in a go/no-go task, we found a reduction in reaction times (RT) at a cued position when the target stimulus was a line inside a ring but not when the target stimulus was a cross inside a ring. We hypothesized that this was due to a difference in the discriminabilities of the target stimuli from the no/go stimulus, a small ring inside a ring. The cross would be more easily discriminated from the no/go stimulus, causing the cue to lose its relevance and to be ignored. The goal of the present study was to compare the discriminabilities of the line and of the cross to support that hypothesis, and to determine the relative contributions of the attentional strategy and of the criterion to prevent such an existing difference from manifesting itself behaviorally. We ran three experiments with a go/no-go RT task with no cue and two experiments in which the accuracy of the responses was the dependent variable. In the first experiment the line and cross were presented in different blocks of trials. RT to both stimuli were equal in the second session of trials, but in the first session the group that responded first to the line (and later to the cross) had smaller RT to the cross. In the second experiment, line and cross were randomized in the same blocks of trials to force participants to respond to both stimuli with the same attentional strategy and/or criterion. This led to faster RT to the cross, indicating that it is easier to discriminate it than the line. In the third experiment the line and the cross were presented to different participants. This led to equal RT to both stimuli, indicating that the equality of RT found in Experiment 1 was not dependent on former experience with a different target stimulus. The results from these three experiments suggest that the cross is in fact easier to discriminate than the line, but this difference can only be expressed behaviorally if participants use the same attentional strategy and/or criterion to handle both stimuli. In the fourth experiment we used the accuracy data to build psychometric functions and we found no difference between responses to the line and to the cross on the slope of the curves or on the points of subjective equality. In the fifth experiment we used a Signal Detection Theory analysis to compare the sensitivity parameter d` and the bias parameter criterion and found bigger d` values to the line and no bias difference. These results are opposite to the RT results, probably because of differing stimulatory conditions. In high intensities such as the ones used in experiments 1, 2 and 3 the cross is more easily discriminated from the negative stimulus than the line, but in near-threshold intensities the line is more easily discriminated.
195

A classroom-based investigation into the potential of a computer-mediated criterion-referenced test as an evaluation instrument for the assessment of primary end user spreadsheet skills

Benn, Kenneth Robert Andrew January 1994 (has links)
The demand for innovative end users of information technology is increasing along with the proliferation of computer equipment within the workplace. This has resulted in increasing demands being made upon educational institutions responsible for the education of computer end users. The demands placed upon the teachers are particularly high. Large class groups and limited physical resources make the task especially difficult. One of the most time consuming, yet important, tasks is that of student evaluation. To effectively assess the practical work of information technology students requires intensive study of the storage media upon which the students'efforts have been saved. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of criterion-referenced testing techniques applied to the evaluation of end user computing students. Objective questions were administered to the students using Question Mark, a computer-managed test delivery system which enabled quick and efficient management of scoring and data manipulation for empirical analysis. The study was limited to the classroom situation and the assessment of primary spreadsheet skills. In order to operate within these boundaries, empirical techniques were used which enabled the timeous analysis of the students' test results. The findings of this study proved to be encouraging. Computer-mediated criterion-referenced testing techniques were found to be sufficiently reliable for classroom practice when used to assess primary spreadsheet skills. The validation of the assessment technique proved to be problematic because of the constraints imposed by normal classroom practice as well as the lack of an established methodology for evaluating spreadsheet skills. However, sufficient evidence was obtained to warrant further research aimed at assessing the use of computer-mediated criterion-referenced tests to evaluate information technology end user learning in situations beyond the boundaries of the classroom, such as a national certification examination.
196

Lag length selection for vector error correction models

Sharp, Gary David January 2010 (has links)
This thesis investigates the problem of model identification in a Vector Autoregressive framework. The study reviews the existing research, conducts an extensive simulation based analysis of thirteen information theoretic criterion (IC), one of which is a novel derivation. The simulation exercise considers the evaluation of seven alternative error restricted vector autoregressive models with four different lag lengths. Alternative sample sizes and parameterisations are also evaluated and compared to results in the existing literature. The results of the comparative analysis provide strong support for the efficiency based criterion of Akaike and in particular the selection capability of the novel criterion, referred to as a modified corrected Akaike information criterion, demonstrates useful finite sample properties.
197

Vícekriteriální hodnocení akciových titulů obchodovaných v systému SPAD na BCPP / Multiple Criteria Decision Making of Stocks Traded in Terms of SPAD

Borovička, Adam January 2009 (has links)
The subject of the diploma paper is multiple criteria analysis of stocks traded on Prague Stock Exchange in terms of System for Support of the Share and Bond Markets. The first part of theoretical passage discusses an introduction of exchange markets with an emphasis on Czech surrounding. The next extensive segment enters on decision making theory. In this chapter we can study basic ideas and connections in multiple criteria decision making. The most comprehensive section is created by theoretical study of methods in multiple criteria decision making. The last partition deals with share's analysis which is based on an application of suitable methodical approaches developed theoretically more closely in previous parts of the diploma paper. The main goal of the paper represents a release of investment recommendation for a potential investor decided to insert his free financial means into some of the most liquid stocks on Prague Stock Exchange.
198

Modélisation numérique de la durée de vie de roulements à bille à gorges profondes montés dans des alternateurs automobiles / Numerical modeling of fatigue lifetime of ball bearings deep groove mounted in automotive alternators

Azianou, Ayao Elewovem 09 July 2015 (has links)
Les conditions de fonctionnement rencontrées dans la problématique de nouvelles générations d'alternateurs automobiles avec des chargements variables et un environnement mécanique complexe déformable ont un effet non négligeable sur le comportement mécanique du roulement et par conséquent sur sa durée de vie. Il est proposé dans ce travail une approche permettant de prendre en compte ces paramètres dans l'estimation de la durée de vie des roulements. La répartition des efforts obtenue des considérations statiques sont utilisés dans un modèle dynamique simplifié permettant de déterminer de l'état de contrainte au cours du temps dû au passage de billes sur la piste de roulement. L'approche multi-échelle de Dang Van couplée à une loi de cumul d'endommagement a permis de déterminer le nombre de cycles avant l'apparition des premiers signes de fatigue. La dernière phase du travail concerne l'aspect expérimental qui a montré que le phénomène de fatigue n'est pas la seule cause de dégradation des roulements montés dans les alternateurs automobiles. / The operating conditions encountered in the new generations of automotive alternators with variable loads and a deformable complex mechanical environment have a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of the bearing and hence its fatigue lifetime. An approach that takes into account these parameters in the ball bearing fatigue lifetime has been proposed in this work. The load distribution obtained from static considerations are used in a simplified dynamic model in order to determine the time-dependent stress state due to ball rolling on the raceway. The Dang Van multiscale approach coupled with a damage law was applied to determine the number of cycles before the apparition of the first signs of fatigue. The last phase of work involves the experimental aspect that shows that the fatigue phenomenon is not the only cause of degradation of bearings mounted in automotive alternators.
199

Výběr vhodného ERP systému s pomocí metod vícekriteriálního rozhodování / Selection of a suitable ERP system through methods of multi-criterion decision-making

Janovský, Martin January 2012 (has links)
My thesis is intent on selection and recommendation of a suitable ERP system for the distribution company distributing tea and coffee products in the Czech market. To select a suitable system, I used methods of multi-criterion decision-making, concretely the ORESTE, WSA, TOPSIS and MAPPAC methods. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I describe the methods of multi-criterion decision-making and principles of utilization the ERP systems. The practical part of my thesis is divided in hard-selection and soft-selection. The aim of the hard-selection lies in reduction of the total number of ERP systems (upon available public information) which then shall be the subject to making the final selection. The soft-selection is then applied to the adjusted list of systems. Within the soft-selection, I included the applied procedure as well as reasons for selection of appropriate criterions since they essentially affect the calculation. At the end of my thesis, I show the procedure of implementation the ERP system.
200

A questão da racionalidade jurídica em Hart e em Dworkin / The question of rationality of law in Hart and Dworkin

Carlos Ogawa Colontonio 28 April 2011 (has links)
O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Hart e o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Dworkin, assim como a crítica realizada por Dworkin em face do Conceito de Direito oferecido por Hart. O positivista, Herbert Hart, propõe que o direito é formado por um sistema de regras primárias e regras secundárias, sendo que uma regra de reconhecimento é responsável por identificar quais regras estão ou não incluídas em tal sistema. Caso seja apresentado um problema que não é resolvido por uma regra reconhecida pelo critério, deverá o julgador apelar para a discricionariedade. Dworkin, em um primeiro momento, criticará o conceito de Hart, alegando que o seu critério de demarcação entre o que é direito e o que não é direito é insatisfatório, por deixar de reconhecer vários elementos como jurídicos, uma vez que a regra de reconhecimento, sendo um teste de pedigree, não à capaz de captar princípios de direito não legislados e direitos e deveres controversos. Ademais, há um erro na teoria positivista de Hart, ao afirmar que os casos não claramente resolvidos por uma regra serão resolvidos a partir da arbitrariedade da autoridade estatal. Posteriormente, Dworkin oferecerá um modelo de direito que dê conta da realidade jurídica, em seu entendimento. Um modelo em que o jurista, a partir do equilíbrio reflexivo e do axioma da equidade poderá deduzir teorias possíveis para responder problemas do direito, identificando, dentre estas teorias, qual é a melhor resposta, sendo portanto a resposta exigível para a solução da lide concreta. / The objective of this research is to present the rational legal model presented by Hart and rational legal model presented by Dworkin as well as criticism made by Dworkin in the face of the Concept of Law offered by Hart. The positivist, Herbert Hart, proposes that the right is formed by a system of primary rules and secondary rules, and a rule of recognition is responsible for identifying what rules are or are not included in this system. If presented with a problem that is not resolved by a rule recognized by the criterion, the judge should resort to discretion. Dworkin, at first, criticize the concept of Hart, claiming that his criterion of demarcation between what is right and what is not right is unsatisfactory, for failing to recognize various elements such as legal, as a rule of recognition , being a test of pedigree, not able to capture the principles of law and not legislated rights and duties controversial. Furthermore, there is an error in the positivist theory of Hart, asserting that the cases do not clearly resolved by a rule will be resolved from the arbitrariness of state authority. Later, Dworkin offer a model law that embraces the legal reality in his mind. A model in which the lawyer from the reflective equilibrium and the axiom of justice may deduct possible theories to address problems of law, identifying, among these theories, what is the best answer, the answer is therefore required for the solution of the dispute concrete.

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